The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter Data Acquisition System at the 2006 Test Beam

The Electromagnetic Calorimeter of the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC is an homogeneous calorimeter made of about 80000 Lead Tungstate crystals. From June to November 2006, eleven barrel Supermodules (1700 crystals each) were exposed to beam at CERN SPS, both in stand-alone and in association with portions of the Hadron Calorimeter. We present the description of the system used to configure and readout the calorimeter during this period. The full set of final readout electronics boards was employed, together with the pre-series version of the data acquisition software. During this testbeam, the hardware and software concepts for the final system were validated and the successfull operation of all the ten supermodules was ensured

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Beam Instrumentation, Challenging Tools for Demanding Projects –– a Snapshot from the French Assigned Network

International audienceParticle accelerators are thrusting the exploration of beam production towards several demanding territories, that is beam high intensity, high energy, short time and geometry precision or small size. Accelerators have thus more and more stringent characteristics that need to be measured. Beam diagnostics accompany these trends with a diversity of capacities and technologies that can encompass compactness, radiation hardness, low beam perturbation, or fast response and have a crucial role in the validation of the various operation phases. Their developments also call for specialized knowledge, expertise and technical resources. A snapshot from the French CNRS/IN2P3 beam instrumentation network is proposed. It aims to promote exchanges between the experts and facilitate the realization of project within the field. The network and several beam diagnostic technologies will be exposed. It includes developments of system with low beam interaction characteristics such as PEPITES, fast response detector such as the diamond-based by DIAMMONI, highly dedicated BPM for GANIL-SPIRAL2, emittance-meters which deals with high intensity beams and development for MYRRHA, SPIRAL2-DESIR and NEWGAIN

First Results of PEPITES, A New Transparent Profiler Based on Secondary Electrons Emission for Charged Particle Beams

International audienceThe PEPITES project* consists of a brand new operational prototype of an ultra-thin, radiation-resistant profiler capable of continuous operation on mid-energy (O(100 MeV)) charged particle accelerators. Secondary electron emission (SEE) is used for the signal because it only requires a small amount of material (10 nm); very linear, it also offers good dynamics. The lateral beam profile is sampled using segmented electrodes, constructed by thin film methods. Gold strips, as thin as the electrical conductivity allows (~ 50 nm), are deposited on an insulating substrate as thin as possible. While crossing the gold, the beam ejects the electrons by SEE, the current thus formed in each strip allows the sampling. SEE was characterized at ARRONAX with 68 MeV proton beams and at medical energies at CPO**. Electrodes were subjected to doses of up to 10⁹ Gy without showing significant degradation. A demonstrator with dedicated electronics (CEA) is installed at ARRONAX and will be used routinely with proton beams of 17-68 MeV for intensities of 100fA to 100nA. An overview of the design and first measurements will be presented, and system performances will be assessed

Development of a Transparent Profiler Based on Secondary Electrons Emission for Charged Particle Beams

International audienceThe PEPITES project* aims at realizing an operational prototype of an ultra-thin, radiation-resistant profiler able to permanently operate on mid-energy (O(100 MeV)) charged particle accelerators. PEPITES uses secondary electron emission (SEE) for the signal because it requires only a minimal thickness of material (10 nm); very linear, it also offers a great dynamic. The lateral beam profile is sampled using segmented electrodes, constructed by thin film methods. Gold strips, as thin as the electrical conductivity allows (~ 50 nm), are deposited on an as thin as possible insulating substrate. When crossing the gold, the beam ejects the electrons by SEE, the current thus formed in each strip allows the sampling. The technique was validated at ARRONAX with 68 MeV proton beams for intensities from 100 fA to 10 nA. SEE is characterized up to 100 nA at ARRONAX and medical energies at CPO**. Electrodes were subjected to doses of up to 10⁹ Gy without showing significant degradation. A demonstrator with dedicated electronics (CEA) will be installed at ARRONAX and used routinely. The performances of the system and its behavior over time will thus be characterized

The CMS Barrel Calorimeter Response to Particle Beams from 2 to 350 GeV/c

The response of the CMS barrel calorimeter (electromagnetic plus hadronic) to hadrons, electrons and muons over a wide momentum range from 2 to 350 GeV/c has been measured. To our knowledge, this is the widest range of momenta in which any calorimeter system has been studied. These tests, carried out at the H2 beam-line at CERN, provide a wealth of information, especially at low energies. The analysis of the differences in calorimeter response to charged pions, kaons, protons and antiprotons and a detailed discussion of the underlying phenomena are presented. We also show techniques that apply corrections to the signals from the considerably different electromagnetic (EB) and hadronic (HB) barrel calorimeters in reconstructing the energies of hadrons. Above 5 GeV/c, these corrections improve the energy resolution of the combined system where the stochastic term equals 84.7$\pm$1.6$\%$ and the constant term is 7.4$\pm$0.8$\%$. The corrected mean response remains constant within 1.3$\%$ rms