Preparation and Structural Properties of Palm Shell

Bio-char can be produced by thermal conversion of biomass. Palm shells were obtained from palm fruits (palmira). They were air-dried to remove moisture. The dried palm shells were ground to become powder and heated at 600ºC, 800ºC and 1000ºC for 2 h respectively. After heating, bio-char was obtained. Structural properties of palm shell powder and bio-char were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe microstructure of biochar. Properties such as hydration capacity, pH were also evaluated

Myxomycetes of Thailand

After the first report of myxomycetes from Thailand in 1902, there were only a few papers dealing specifically with these organisms over the following 85 years. In 2004, intensive ecological studies of myxomycetes began at the Mushroom Research Centre north of Chiang Mai. These studies, which considered specimens that had fruited under natural conditions in the field as well as those appearing in moist chamber cultures prepared with various types of dead plant material, yielded numerous new records for Thailand. At least 132 species of myxomycetes in 30 genera are now known to occur in the country. This total includes 23 species not previously reported, including several examples known from only a few other localities worldwide. An annotated checklist based on all published and unpublished records is provided herein.National Science Foundation/[]/NSF/Estados UnidosUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ingeniería::Instituto Investigaciones en Ingeniería (INII)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Biologí

A modern concept for Helicascus with a Pleurophomopsis-like asexual state

Helicascus presently comprises two marine species, H. kanaloanus and H. nypae. During investigations of freshwater ascomycetes in Egypt, Malaysia and northern Thailand, we collected two new species of Helicascus from freshwater, which is a new habitat for the genus. Helicascus aegyptiacus sp. nov. is characterised by its smaller asci and ascospores with verruculose walls. Helicascus aquaticus sp. nov. is distinct in having 1-3-septate ascospores and producing a Pleurophomopsis-like anamorph when grown in water agar with sterilized pine needles. During this study we also collected Massarina thalassioidea from freshwater and molecular data confirm this as a species of Helicascus. Thus, we combine this species under Helicascus. All Helicascus species, Massarina thalassioidea and Morosphaeria elaterascus form a strongly supported monophyletic clade and the latter species is also transferred to Helicascus. A key to Helicascus species is provided

Isotherme weerstandsmetingen aan amorf Fe40Ni40B20 en Fe40Ni40P20

Mechanical, Maritime and Materials EngineeringTechnische Materiaalwetenschappe

Betel Quid and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in a Periurban Township in Myanmar

<div><p>This study aims to describe betel quid chewing practice and compare oral potentially malignant disorders between chewers and non-chewers of betel quid among residents in Dagon Myothit (East) Township, Myanmar. The study used a cross-sectional design conducted with a representative sample of 542 adults aged 18 years and above in the township. The trained interviewers collected data using a pretested structured questionnaire. On-site oral examination was done for suspected oral lesions. The mean age of the respondents was 45 years and 59% were women. Fifty-two percent of the respondents were currently in the habit of chewing betel quids (72% of men and 39% of women). Among 284 current betel quid chewers, 240 (85%) chewed betel quids together with tobacco. Out of 284 current betel quid chewers, 24 (8.5%) were found to have oral potentially malignant disorders; out of 258 betel quid non-chewers, only 1 (0.4%) was found to have oral potentially malignant disorders. This highlights the growing importance of smokeless tobacco use as public health problem.</p></div

Kinds of tobacco consumed with betel quids among chewers betel quid with tobacco.

<p>Kinds of tobacco consumed with betel quids among chewers betel quid with tobacco.</p

Prevalence of betel quid chewing among the respondents by sex and age.

<p>Prevalence of betel quid chewing among the respondents by sex and age.</p

Prevalence and unadjusted risk of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders by major lifestyles.

<p>Prevalence and unadjusted risk of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders by major lifestyles.</p

Towards a natural classification of Botryosphaeriales

The type specimens of Auerswaldia, Auerswaldiella, Barriopsis, Botryosphaeria, Leptoguignardia, Melanops, Neodeightonia, Phaeobotryon, Phaeobotryosphaeria, Phyllachorella, Pyrenostigme, Saccharata, Sivanesania, Spencermartinsia and Vestergrenia were examined and fresh specimens of Botryosphaeriales were collected from Thailand. This material is used to provide a systematic treatment of Botryosphaeriales based on morphology and phylogeny. Two new genera, Botryobambusa and Cophinforma are introduced and compared with existing genera. Four species new to science, Auerswaldia dothiorella, A. lignicola, Botryosphaeria fusispora and Phaeobotryosphaeria eucalypti, are also described and justified. We accept 29 genera in Botryosphaeriales, with Macrovalsaria being newly placed. In the phylogenetic tree, the 114 strains of Botyrosphaeriales included in the analysis cluster into two major clades with 80 %, 96 % and 1.00 (MP, ML and BY) support, with Clade A containing the family type of Botryosphaeriaceae, and Clade B containing Phyllosticta, Saccharata and Melanops species. This group may represent Phyllostictaceae. In Clade A the taxa analyzed cluster in eight sub-clades (Clades A1-8). Clade A1 comprises three distinct subclusters corresponding to the genera Diplodia (Diplodia Clade), Neodeightonia (Neodeightonia Clade) and Lasiodiplodia (Lasiodiplodia Clade). Clade A2 clusters into three groups representing Phaeobotryosphaeria (100 %), Phaeobotryon (100 %) and Barriopsis (94 %). Clade A3 incorporates 17 strains that cluster into three well-supported genera (Dothiorella (86 %), Spencermartinsia (100 %) and Auerswaldia (63 %); the position of Macrophomina is not stable. Clade A4 is a single lineage (100 %) representing the new genus Botryobambusa. Clade A5 is a well-supported subclade incorporating Neofussicoccum. Clade A6 represents the type species of Botryosphaeria, three other Botryosphaeria species and two other genera, Neoscytalidium and Cophinforma gen. nov. Clade A7 comprises two Pseudofusicoccum species and Clade A8 has two Aplosporella species. These sub-clades may eventually require separate families but this requires analysis of a much larger dataset. Our data advances the understanding of Botryosphaeriales, there is, however, still much research to be carried out with resolution of families and genera, linkage of sexual and asexual morphs and differentiation of cryptic species.Fil: Liu, Jian Kui. Mae Fah Luang University; Tailandia. Chinese Academy of Forestry; ChinaFil: Phookamsak, Rungtiwa. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Doilom, Mingkhuan. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Wikee, Saowanee. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Li, Yan Mei. Chinese Academy of Forestry; ChinaFil: Ariyawansha, Hiran. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Boonmee, Saranyaphat. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Chomnunti, Putarak. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Dai, Dong Qin. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Bhat, Jayarama D.. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Romero, Andrea Irene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; ArgentinaFil: Zhuang, Wen Ying. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de ChinaFil: Monkai, Jutamart. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Jones, E. B. Gareth. University of Malaya; MalasiaFil: Chukeatirote, Ekachai. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Ko Ko, Thida Win. Mae Fah Luang University; TailandiaFil: Zhao, Yong Chang. Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science; ChinaFil: Wang,Yong. Guizhou University; ChinaFil: Hyde, Kevin D.. Chinese Academy of Forestry; China. Mae Fah Luang University; Tailandi