Avaliação da atividade antiinflamatória e antinociceptiva de compostos tiazolidinônicos-3,5-dissubstituídos

O processo inflamatório tem sido uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade humana, tornando-se objeto de estudos experimentais que procuram avaliar o papel dos diversos mediadores envolvidos na resposta inflamatória. Nesse contexto, a busca por novas moléculas revelou o potencial antiinflamatório dos derivados tiazolidínicos, grupo de moléculas estruturalmente relacionadas caracterizados pelo anel tiazolidínico. Tais moléculas têm o receptor ativado por proliferadores de peroxissomos gama (PPARγ) como principal alvo biológico. Neste trabalho foram descritos a síntese e as características físico-químicas de novos derivados tiazolidinônicos-3,5-dissubstituídos da série química LPSF/GQ: o LPSF/GQ-138 (3-(3-flúor-benzil)-5-(4-metóxi-benzilideno)-tiazolidina-2,4-diona) e o LPSF/GQ-140 (3-(3-flúor-benzil)-5-(4-metil-benzilideno)-tiazolidina-2,4-diona) obtidos a partir da reação de adição de Michael entre a 3-(3-flúor-benzil)-tiazolidina-2,4-diona (LPSF/GQ-56) com derivados 3-fenil-2-ciano-acrilatos de etila substituídos (LPSF/IP-6 e LPSF/IP-15). Ambos os compostos sintetizados tiveram suas estruturas químicas elucidadas por espectroscopia de infravermelho (IV) e ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (RMN1N). Em seguida foi investigada a atividade antiinflamatória dos compostos sintetizados no ensaio da peritonite induzida por carragenina 1% onde foram escolhidas as doses 0,37; 1,11; 3,33 e 10 μmol/kg e o fármaco de referência indometacina na dose de 28 μmol/kg, apresentando inibição da migração celular num percentual variando de 45,7 a 71,0% para os compostos e 54,3% para a indometacina. Foi realizada ainda a avaliação da atividade antinociceptiva através do teste de contorções abdominais induzidas por ácido acético 1% e do teste da formalina utilizando-se a melhor dose encontrada no ensaio da peritonite (10 μmol/kg). No teste de contorções abdominais os compostos LPSF/GQ-138 e LPSF/GQ-140 apresentaram percentuais de inibição de 32,2 % e 20,8 % respectivamente, em comparação com a dipirona na dose de 450 μmol/kg (50,2%). No teste da formalina, foram obtidos percentuais de inibição para o LPSF/GQ-138 na 1ª e 2ª fases do teste de 33,3 % e 59,5 % respectivamente e para o LPSF/GQ-140 na 1ª e 2ª fases do teste de 24,0 % e 42,4 % respectivamente, em comparação com a dipirona na dose de 450 μmol/kg (42,9% e 83,4%, respectivamente

Cytokine Profile in Gout: Inflammation Driven by IL-6 and IL-18?

<p><b>Introduction</b>: Gout is considered to be an autoinflammatory disease and the presence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals stimulates activation of NPRL3 inflammasome and subsequently caspase-1, generating production of active IL-1β and IL-18. However, the association between serum cytokines levels and clinical manifestations of the disease is not yet well understood. We evaluated the serum profile of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-22, and IL-23) and described their relationship with clinical and laboratory data.</p> <p><b>Methodology</b>: Thirty-nine male patients with gout (GG) were assessed for clinical and laboratory variables and cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. For the purposes of comparison, 34 males with no previous history of arthritis were also included in the study (CG).</p> <p><b>Results</b>: Seventeen participants (43%) exhibited active arthritis on evaluation. Levels of IL-18 were significantly higher in patients in relation to the CG (<i>p</i> = 0.0013). No statistically significant differences were found between the GG and CG for the other measured cytokines. There was a moderate correlation between IL-18 and ESR (<i>R</i> = 0.43, <i>p</i> = 0.0073), CRP (<i>R</i> = 0.47, <i>p</i> = 0.0025), and serum levels of IL-6 (<i>R</i> = 0.36, <i>p</i> = 0.023). An association was observed between serum levels of IL-6 and the presence of tophi (<i>p</i> = 0.005) and deformities (<i>p</i> = 0.0008), as well as a correlation between this cytokine and ESR (<i>R</i> = 0.41, <i>p</i> = 0.011) and CRP (<i>R</i> = 0.48, <i>p</i> = 0.02).</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>: IL-18 is associated with inflammatory activity in gout, as well as with IL-6 levels, while IL-6 is associated with clinical and laboratory activity, the presence of tophi and articular deformities, and may be a prognostic marker of this pathology.</p

Cytokine Profile in Gout: Inflammation Driven by IL-6 and IL-18?

<p><b>Introduction</b>: Gout is considered to be an autoinflammatory disease and the presence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals stimulates activation of NPRL3 inflammasome and subsequently caspase-1, generating production of active IL-1β and IL-18. However, the association between serum cytokines levels and clinical manifestations of the disease is not yet well understood. We evaluated the serum profile of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-22, and IL-23) and described their relationship with clinical and laboratory data.</p> <p><b>Methodology</b>: Thirty-nine male patients with gout (GG) were assessed for clinical and laboratory variables and cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. For the purposes of comparison, 34 males with no previous history of arthritis were also included in the study (CG).</p> <p><b>Results</b>: Seventeen participants (43%) exhibited active arthritis on evaluation. Levels of IL-18 were significantly higher in patients in relation to the CG (<i>p</i> = 0.0013). No statistically significant differences were found between the GG and CG for the other measured cytokines. There was a moderate correlation between IL-18 and ESR (<i>R</i> = 0.43, <i>p</i> = 0.0073), CRP (<i>R</i> = 0.47, <i>p</i> = 0.0025), and serum levels of IL-6 (<i>R</i> = 0.36, <i>p</i> = 0.023). An association was observed between serum levels of IL-6 and the presence of tophi (<i>p</i> = 0.005) and deformities (<i>p</i> = 0.0008), as well as a correlation between this cytokine and ESR (<i>R</i> = 0.41, <i>p</i> = 0.011) and CRP (<i>R</i> = 0.48, <i>p</i> = 0.02).</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>: IL-18 is associated with inflammatory activity in gout, as well as with IL-6 levels, while IL-6 is associated with clinical and laboratory activity, the presence of tophi and articular deformities, and may be a prognostic marker of this pathology.</p

Ability of two new thiazolidinediones to downregulate proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with asthma

Allergic asthma is a chronic, complex inflammatory disease of the airway. Despite extensive studies on the immunomodulation of T helper (Th) cell pathways (i.e., Th1 and Th2) in asthma, little is known about the effects of Th17 pathway modulation, particularly that involving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). In response, two new thiazolidinedione derivatives-namely, LPSF-GQ-147 and LPSF-CR-35 were synthesized and evaluated for their immunomodulatory effects on Th17-related cytokines, including interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin IL-6, IL-17, and IL-22 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of asthmatic children. Both compounds were nontoxic even at high concentrations (i.e., 100 µM). The LPSF-CR-35 compound significantly reduced the levels of IL-17A (p = .039) and IFNγ (p = .032) at 10 µM. For IL-22 and IL-6, significant reduction occurred at 100 µM (p = .039 and p = .02, respectively). Conversely, LPSF-GQ-147 did not significantly inhibit the production of the tested cytokines, the levels of all of which were more efficiently reduced by LPSF-CR-35 than methylprednisolone, the standard compound. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assay confirmed that LPSF-GQ-147 has significant PPARγ modulatory activity. Such data indicate that both LPSF-CR-35 and LPSF-GQ-147 are promising candidates as drugs for treating inflammation and asthma

Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antineoplastic, and Immunomodulatory Activity of Paullinia cupana Seeds Crude Extract and Ethyl-Acetate Fraction

Paullinia cupana (Guarana) is a native plant of Amazon region that has very traditional importance. Its seeds are rich in bioactive compounds, including tannins, which exhibit relevant properties. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate antibacterial, antineoplastic, and immunomodulatory activity of P. cupana seeds crude extract (CE) and ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF). Methods. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Antineoplastic activity was evaluated by MTT assays in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), ductal carcinoma (T47-D), non-Hodgkin’s B cell lymphoma (Toledo), T cell leukemia (Jukart), and Acute Leukemia (HL-60) cell lines. BALB/c mice splenocytes were treated to assess IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10 levels by sandwich ELISA. Results. CE and EAF were not toxic to peripheral blood cells and splenocytes. CE and EAF fractions showed a bacteriostatic activity (MIC = 250 μg/mL) and presented IC50 values of 70.25 μg/mL and 61.18 μg/mL in HL-60 leukemia cell line. All cytokines evaluated had their levels reduced after treatment, following dose-response model. Discussion and Conclusion. Different biological activities were observed for both CE and EAF, suggesting P. cupana as a source of bioactive substances, especially tannins that may be used for several diseases treatments