Applying diversity index and dominant species in research and selection of some indigenous plant species to absorb Pb, Zn

The study was carried out at Dai Dong and Chi Dao communes, Van Lam District, Hung Yen Province. The biological diversity indexes and dominance index of species were used to identify native plant species which have the ability to absorb Pb and Zn. The results were verified by applying methods such as plant classification, quadrat cell counting, biological indicators and chemical analysis. Results showed that there are five species of plants with the highest dominant index calculated due to number of individuals in the study area including Bidens pilosa L (33.03%), Acroceras munroanum (8.14%), Commelina coelestis (7.83%), Carex capillacea (5.41%), Ipomoea aquatic (5.26%). Verified results showed that Bidens pilosa L, Acroceras munroanum, Commelina coelestis, Ipomoea aquatic can be used to treat Pb with the absorption concentration of 380 mg/kg, 288 mg/kg, 270 mg/kg, 223 mg/kg, respectively. Only Commelina coelestis can absorb Zn with the highest concentration of 73mg/kg. In summary, Pb absorption of dominant species in the study area is higher than the absorption of Zn.Nghiên cứu được thực hiện tại hai xã Đại Đồng và xã Chỉ Đạo, huyện Văn Lâm, tỉnh Hưng Yên nhằm xác định một số loài thực vật bản địa có khả năng hấp thụ Pb, Zn bằng cách sử dụng chỉ số đa dạng sinh học và chỉ số ưu thế loài. Kết quả được kiểm chứng bằng các phương pháp như phân loại thực vật, đếm ô quadrat, sử dụng chỉ số sinh học và phân tích hóa học. Kết quả cho thấy có có năm loài thực vật có chỉ số ưu thế cao nhất tính theo số lượng cá thể trong khu vực nghiên cứu là: Đơn buốt (33,03 %), Cỏ lá tre (8,14 %), Thài lài (7,83 %), Kiết tóc (5,41 %), Rau muống (5,26 %). Kết quả phân tích kiểm chứng thấy Đơn buốt, Cỏ lá tre, Thài lài, Rau muống có khả năng xử lý Pb với giá trị lần lượt là 380 mg/kg, 288 mg/kg, 270 mg/kg, 223 mg/kg. Trong khi đó chỉ có Thài lài là có khả năng hấp thu Zn với giá trị cao nhất là 73 mg/kg. Nhìn chung khả năng hấp thu Pb của các loài ưu thế tại khu vực nghiên cứu cao hơn so với khả năng hấp thu Zn

Evaluation Of Agronomic Traits And Adaptation Of Some Promising Salt Tolerant Rice Lines/Varieties Growing In The Coastal Areas In Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food in Vietnam and plays an important role in economic activity in this country. However, rice yield and growing areas are adversely influenced by the threats of the devastation caused by the rise of sea level. This study aimed to evaluate the salt effects in field experiments of 19 promising salt tolerance rice lines/varieties carrying QTL/Saltol, which were selected from the BC2F5 breeding combination between FL479 and Bac Thom 7 (BC7). The field experiments were conducted in two consecutive seasons at three saline-affected rice growing areas, including Nga Son, Hoang Hoa and Quang Xuong districts, Thanh Hoa province. The results showed that among those promising rice lines, the HL15 line had the best yield components in all experimented sites, and good agronomic traits with short plant height and shorter growth duration than the BC7 variety (115-117 days) in the spring season and 102-103 days in the summer season, respectively. All tested had the same level of pest resistance/infection as the control variety BT7 under production conditions using pesticides including HL1, HL13 and HL15, which were mildly infected with the bacterial leaf blight, while HL15 variety showed high resistance to pests and diseases. Moreover, the HL2, HL15 and HL19 lines had scored 3, equivalent to FL478 (tolerant), and the survival rate was over 85% compared with the control variety. Overall, our findings showed that the promising purebred variety HL15 had a range of good agronomic characteristics, resistance to major pests and diseases, high yield potential and salinity tolerance of 6‰. The HL15 variety was renamed as SHPT15 and continued to conduct procedures to recognize it as a new rice variety

An HPLC Quantitative Analysis of Paraquat in Human Plasma: A Helpful Tool for Diagnosis and Evaluation of Treatment of Paraquat Poisoning in Vietnamese Hospitals

In this paper, the paraquat (PQ) concentrations in plasma of poisoned patients were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a DAD detector followed simple extraction of PQ from plasma. The sample was simply pretreated with 15% trichloroacetic acid for deproteinization and directly injected to HPLC system. PQ in plasma was separated on a C8 column HPLC system using 2 channel mobile phase (A and B) with a volume ratio of 5:95, respectively. Channel A was 5% acetonitrile (ACN) and Channel B was a mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), sodium 1-heptanesulphonate (0.11% w / v), KCl (0.20% w / v), polyethylene glycol G400 (0.20% v / v) and methanol (20% v / v). The flow rate of mobile phase was 0.5 mL/min. The method detection limit (MDL) is 0.013 ?g/ mL and the quantitative limit is 0.040 ?g/ mL. The recovery of PQ in plasma samples was 96.1% - 105.9 % at 5 different concentrations ranging from 0.040 ?g / mL to 10.00 ?g/ mL. The within- and between-day relative standard deviations were all less than 0.82% and 1.43% respectively. The method was successfully applied for determining paraquat concentrations in plasma samples of 31 acute paraquat poisoned patients at Poison Control Center, Bach Mai hospital, Vietnam. Quantitative results revealed that plasma PQ level was a key factor for prognosis and hemoperfusion using resin membrane had significant effect in removing PQ from the blood

FTIR Combined with Chemometrics for Fast Simultaneous Determination of Penicillin and Cephalexin in Pharmaceutical Tablets

In this research, the potential of combining chemometrics with FTIR techniques to provide a rapid and simultaneous quantitative analyses method for determination penicillin, cephalexin is studied. Unlike other methods, FTIR is considered as a time saving method due to its non-destructive and simple sample preparation. Due to the similarity of infrared spectral, PLS and PCR couples with spectral treatment techniques are applied to make the calibration model for penicillin and cephalexin determination at the same time. The result is also validated in term of RMSEP and R2 value using validation set. The FTIR combined with PLS method shows the best results

HYBRID END-TO-END APPROACH INTEGRATING ONLINE LEARNING WITH FACE-IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

To date, facial recognition has been one of the most intriguing, interesting research topics over years. It requires some specific face-based algorithms such as facial detection, facial alignment, facial representation, and facial recognition as well; however, all of these algorithms derive from heavy deep learning architectures that cause limitations for development, scalability, flawed accuracy, and deployment into publicity with mere CPU servers. It also calls for large datasets containing hundreds of thousands of records for training purposes. In this paper, we propose a full pipeline for an effective face recognition application which only uses a small Vietnamese celebrity dataset and CPU for training that can solve the leakage of data and the need for GPU devices. It is based on a face vector-to-string tokens algorithm then saves face’s properties into Elasticsearch for future retrieval, so the problem of online learning in Facial Recognition is also tackled. Comparison with another popular algorithm on the dataset, our proposed pipeline not only outweighs the accuracy counterpart, but it also achieves a very speedy time inference for a real-time face recognition application

SOME RESULTS OF AIR MONITORING QUALITY IN HANOI AND ASSESSMENT OF AIR MONITORING METHODS USED IN VIETNAM

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Isolation and characterization of Rhizobium spp. and Bradyrhizobium spp. from legume nodules

Rhizobia topic has been re-focused in recent years because of new findings on their traits not only as nitrogen-fixing bacteria but also as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. When combing rhizobial strains with novel biological carriers (e.g., biochar) for inoculant production, it brings great potential for improving soil health in long-term. Appreciating this trend, this study is designed to isolate and characterize local rhizobial strains from legume fields using the conventional method with some modifications to increase efficiency in rhizobial identification. As a result, 17 rhizobial strains were isolated and classified biochemically that genetic identification outcome confirmed 10 strains belong to 07 different Rhizobium species as R. mayense, R. paknamense, R. pusense, R. miluonense, R. tropici, R. phaseoli, and R. multihospitium while the rest belong to 06 various Bradyrhizobium species as B. elkanii, B. centrosematis, B. guangxiense, B. liaoningense, B. yuanmingense, and B. arachidis. Thermal and saline tolerant tests together with seed germination tests also performed on these rhizobial strains to gain data on their responses to abiotic stresses. By comparing rice and mung bean GI values, we can assess the effectiveness of each rhizobial strains to help seeds at their early germination

Simultaneously induced mutations in eIF4E genes by CRISPR/Cas9 enhance PVY resistance in tobacco

Tobacco is an important commercial crop and a rich source of alkaloids for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. However, its yield can be reduced by up to 70% due to virus infections, especially by a potyvirus Potato virus Y (PVY). The replication of PVY relies on host factors, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4Es (eIF4Es) have already been identified as recessive resistance genes against potyviruses in many plant species. To investigate the molecular basis of PVY resistance in the widely cultivated allotetraploid tobacco variety K326, we developed a dual guide RNA CRISPR/Cas9 system for combinatorial gene editing of two clades, eIF4E1 (eIF4E1-S and eIF4E1-T) and eIF4E2 (eIF4E2-S and eIF4E2-T) in the eIF4E gene family comprising six members in tobacco. We screened for CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations by heteroduplex analysis and Sanger sequencing, and monitored PVY(O) accumulation in virus challenged regenerated plants by DAS-ELISA both in T0 and T1 generations. We found that all T0 lines carrying targeted mutations in the eIF4E1-S gene displayed enhanced resistance to PVY(O) confirming previous reports. More importantly, our combinatorial approach revealed that eIF4E1-S is necessary but not sufficient for complete PVY resistance. Only the quadruple mutants harboring loss-of-function mutations in eIF4E1-S, eIF4E1-T, eIF4E2-S and eIF4E2-T showed heritable high-level resistance to PVY(O) in tobacco. Our work highlights the importance of understanding host factor redundancy in virus replication and provides a roadmap to generate virus resistance by combinatorial CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing in non-model crop plants with complex genomes

Nitrate pollution in the Red River Delta

The Red River Delta is home to the capital of Vietnam, Hanoi. The large population relies on the catchment for the provision of primary water resources for its industry and agriculture. This critical reserve is rapidly becoming impacted by anthropogenic activities and we demonstrate how nitrate pollution, in particular, is influencing the health of the Red River Delta

Identifying the controls on nitrate and metabolic state within the Red River delta (Vietnam) with the use of stable isotopes

In many places around the world, anthropogenic activities have resulted in nitrate (NO3−) pollution and changes in the metabolic state of aquatic ecosystems. Here we combined stable isotope and physico-chemical monitoring to assess the sources of NO3− and the overall metabolic state within the Red River delta, Vietnam. River water stable isotope compositions (δ18O-H2O) ranged between −11.2 and −2.7 ‰, δ18O-NO3− between −7.1 and + 29.7 ‰ and δ15N-NO3− between −3.9 and + 14.0 ‰. We identified the dominant NO3− sources as: 1) soil leachate, 2) domestic waste flushed from urban areas, and 3) NH4+ fertilizers washed from paddy fields. The relative impact of each source depends on geographical location within the delta and the time of year, due to dilution and concentration effects during wet and dry seasons. The primary NO3−source upstream is natural soil leachates, predominantly from tributaries connected to the Red River’s main stream. Within the middle-lower section of Red River delta, urban pollution from manure and septic waste reaches as high as 50 % of the total NO3− load during dry season. NO3− leached from fertilizers is also high at sites in the middle of the delta, related to agricultural activities. Dissolved oxygen isotope (δ18O-O2) values calculated from δ18O-H2O and δ18O-NO3− values indicate that the aquatic metabolism is net autotrophic (oxygen from primary production exceeds consumption by respiration), but high inputs of biodegradable organic matter from untreated domestic waste and high rates of sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) have resulted in the whole river system becoming undersaturated in oxygen. High NO3− loads and low DO saturation are of critical concern and require mitigation practices to improve water quality for millions of people