Tree-based intercropping systems: a potential land use solution for climate change mitigation in canadian agricultural landscapes

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sirahu Valai: a passive fishing gear in Ceylon

There are many types of passive fishing gear in use in the estuarine waters and lagoons in Ceylon such as the stake seine net or Kattudel, the tat trap or Jalcottu and the wing net or Sirahu valai. Of these Siraku valai is very popular in the shallow and near shore areas of the sea in north Ceylon. Sirahu valai is popular since it is relatively more economical, less time consuming and more efficient than other forms of fishing gear in shallow waters. More over the fishermen do not have to remain in the fishing grounds while his gear is fishing. Pearson (1923) described this gear as a stake net having a complicated arrangement. Sirahu valai is also referred to as Siraku valai or Kurukku valai

Potentials of bamboo-based agroforestry for sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa:a review

There is widespread assertion among scientists, government and development experts that bamboo agroforestry could contribute to sustainable rural development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, there are limited available data to verify the suitability of the system in the region. In addition, the current state of knowledge and adoption of agroforestry in SSA offers very little guidance as to which type of agroforestry systems bamboo could be integrated. Here, we reviewed the potential socioeconomic and environmental benefits of bamboo agroforestry and accentuate implications on sustainable rural development in SSA. In addition, we analysed potential research areas that could be intensified, so that future developments and scaling-up of bamboo agroforestry can be rooted in robust scientific findings rather than the intuitions of governments and development actors

Growing woody biomass for bioenergy in southern Ontario, Canada : a case study using tree-based intercropping

Paper presented at the 12th North American Agroforesty Conference, which was held June 4-9, 2011 in Athens, Georgia.In Ashton, S. F., S.W. Workman, W.G. Hubbard and D.J. Moorhead, eds. Agroforestry: A Profitable Land Use. Proceedings, 12th North American Agroforestry Conference, Athens, GA, June 4-9, 2011.During the spring of 2006, three willow varieties from SUNY-ESF (SV1, SX67 and 9882-41) were established on a marginal land in an agroforestry tree-intercropping arrangement where plots of short rotation willow were planted between rows (spaced 15 m apart) of 20-year-old mixed tree species. As a control, the same varieties were established on an adjacent piece of land without established tree rows. The study investigated the distribution of carbon and nitrogen pools, fine root biomass and clone yields in both tree-based intercropping (agroforestry) and conventional monocropping systems. Willow biomass yield was significantly higher in the agroforestry field, 4.86 and 3.02 odt ha-1 y-1 for the agroforestry and control fields, respectively. SV1 and SX67 had the highest yields and 9882-41 had the lowest. Willow fine root biomass in the top 20 cm of soil was significantly higher in the intercropping system (3000 kg ha-1) than in the conventional system (2500 kg ha-1). Differences in fine root biomass between clones followed the same order that was observed for differences in biomass yield: SV1 [greater than] SX67 [greater than] 9882-41. Leaf input was higher in the intercropping system (1900 kg ha-1) than in the monocrop system (1700 kg ha-1). Clonal differences in leaf inputs followed the same trends as those for root biomass and yield: SV1 [greater than] SX67 [greater than] 9882-41. Soil organic carbon was significantly higher in the agroforestry field (1.94 [percent]) than in the control field (1.82 [percent]). A significant difference was found between the three clones; 9882-41 had the lowest soil organic carbon of 1.80 [percent]. In December 2009, both fields were harvested (1st cycle) with Anderson bio-baler harvester. Harvesting process and bale yield data, harvest moisture content, field drying and loss of moisture etc. will also be discussed.R�mi Cardinael (1), Naresh Thevathasan (2), Andrew Gordon (2), Rachelle Clinch (3) and Idris Mohammed (2) ; 1. AgroParisTech, Paris, France. 2. School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada. 3. Golder Associates Ltd., Mississauga, ON, Canada.Includes bibliographical references

Direct Visualization of Single Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins Using Genetically-Encoded Probes for DNA-PAINT

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is one of the largest and most complex protein assemblies in the cell and, among other functions, serves as the gatekeeper of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Unraveling its molecular architecture and functioning has been an active research topic for decades with recent cryogenic electron microscopy and super-resolution studies advancing our understanding of the architecture of the NPC complex. However, the specific and direct visualization of single copies of NPC proteins is thus far elusive. Herein, we combine genetically-encoded self-labeling enzymes such as SNAP-tag and HaloTag with DNA-PAINT microscopy. We resolve single copies of nucleoporins in the human Y-complex in three dimensions with a precision of circa 3 nm, enabling studies of multicomponent complexes on the level of single proteins in cells using optical fluorescence microscopy

Tree-based intercropping: a land use for greenhouse gas mitigation in canadian agricultural systems

PosterIn tree-based intercropping (TBI) systems, the potential influence of trees in relation to carbon (C ) sequestration and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions reduction has been documented but the mechanisms, remain poorly understood, especially for below-ground processes. Recently, several studies in this area were undertaken in Ontario, Canada under the auspices of Canada’s involvement in the Global Research Alliance. C sequestration potential, nitrous oxide reduction potential and soil voids were quantified in a 25-year-old TBI system in southern Ontario for five tree species: hybrid poplar (Populus spp.), Norway spruce (Picae abies), red oak (Quercus rubra), black walnut (Juglans nigra), and white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) which were intercropped with soybean (Glycine max). Results were compared with a conventional agricultural system in which soybean was grown as the sole crop. The net C flux for poplar, spruce, oak, walnut, cedar and the soybean sole-crop were + 2.1, + 1.6, + 0.8, + 1.8, +1.4 and – 1.2 t C ha-1, y-1, respectively. The results suggest a greater atmospheric CO2 sequestration potential for all five tree species when compared to a conventional agricultural system. DNA was also extracted from soil cores collected around four of the tree species (walnut, red oak, Norway spruce, poplar) and used for quantitative real-time PCR to determine the abundance of key functional genes in the nitrification and denitrification pathways. Results indicate that both tree species and proximity to the tree, can influence the abundance of key microbial groups associated with N2O production, particularly organisms associated with denitrification, nosZ and nirS. Soil void analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between x-ray bulk radio-density and soil bulk density, and a negative correlation between mean intra-aggregate x-ray radio-density and soil organic carbon (rs=-0.48, p=0.033), suggesting that the X-ray CT method could therefore be used to predict these soil properties

Risk factors for malignant transformation of hepatocellular adenoma to hepatocellular carcinoma: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are solid liver tumours that are usually found incidentally during routine medical check-ups. Multiple modifiable and non-modifiable factors constitute a risk for the malignant transformation of HCAs to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has emerged to be one of the fastest growing causes of cancer-related mortality globally. This study protocol for a planned systematic review and meta-analysis documents the methodological approach to identify risk factors and their risk estimates for the transformation from HCA to HCC. Methods and analysis: Two independent reviewers will systematically search and extract data from studies in patients of all ages published between January 1970 and June 2021 on PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus Web of Science, Ovid, The Cochrane Hepatobiliary Group Controlled Trials Register and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials by using an a priori defined search strategy. Study quality will be rated with the National Institute of Health quality assessment tools. Disagreements will be resolved by consensus with a third independent reviewer. The primary outcome will be the odds ratio (OR) of developing HCC in patients with prediagnosed HCA depending on the exposure to risk factors. HCC diagnosis must be inferred based on imaging techniques or pathology. We will use R V.4.0.2 to conduct meta-analyses and generate pooled ORs based on random effects models. Results will be presented as forest plots. Cochran’s Q and I2 test will be performed to assess heterogeneity between included studies. Funnel plots and Egger’s weighted regression will be used to evaluate publication bias. Ethics and dissemination: No ethical approval is required as we will use and analyse data from previously published studies in which informed consent was obtained. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal on completion. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020206578

Tree-based intercropping: a land use for greenhouse gas mitigation in canadian agricultural systems

PosterIn tree-based intercropping (TBI) systems, the potential influence of trees in relation to carbon (C ) sequestration and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions reduction has been documented but the mechanisms, remain poorly understood, especially for below-ground processes. Recently, several studies in this area were undertaken in Ontario, Canada under the auspices of Canada’s involvement in the Global Research Alliance. C sequestration potential, nitrous oxide reduction potential and soil voids were quantified in a 25-year-old TBI system in southern Ontario for five tree species: hybrid poplar (Populus spp.), Norway spruce (Picae abies), red oak (Quercus rubra), black walnut (Juglans nigra), and white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) which were intercropped with soybean (Glycine max). Results were compared with a conventional agricultural system in which soybean was grown as the sole crop. The net C flux for poplar, spruce, oak, walnut, cedar and the soybean sole-crop were + 2.1, + 1.6, + 0.8, + 1.8, +1.4 and – 1.2 t C ha-1, y-1, respectively. The results suggest a greater atmospheric CO2 sequestration potential for all five tree species when compared to a conventional agricultural system. DNA was also extracted from soil cores collected around four of the tree species (walnut, red oak, Norway spruce, poplar) and used for quantitative real-time PCR to determine the abundance of key functional genes in the nitrification and denitrification pathways. Results indicate that both tree species and proximity to the tree, can influence the abundance of key microbial groups associated with N2O production, particularly organisms associated with denitrification, nosZ and nirS. Soil void analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between x-ray bulk radio-density and soil bulk density, and a negative correlation between mean intra-aggregate x-ray radio-density and soil organic carbon (rs=-0.48, p=0.033), suggesting that the X-ray CT method could therefore be used to predict these soil properties

Tree-based intercropping: a land use for greenhouse gas mitigation in canadian agricultural systems

PosterIn tree-based intercropping (TBI) systems, the potential influence of trees in relation to carbon (C ) sequestration and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions reduction has been documented but the mechanisms, remain poorly understood, especially for below-ground processes. Recently, several studies in this area were undertaken in Ontario, Canada under the auspices of Canada’s involvement in the Global Research Alliance. C sequestration potential, nitrous oxide reduction potential and soil voids were quantified in a 25-year-old TBI system in southern Ontario for five tree species: hybrid poplar (Populus spp.), Norway spruce (Picae abies), red oak (Quercus rubra), black walnut (Juglans nigra), and white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) which were intercropped with soybean (Glycine max). Results were compared with a conventional agricultural system in which soybean was grown as the sole crop. The net C flux for poplar, spruce, oak, walnut, cedar and the soybean sole-crop were + 2.1, + 1.6, + 0.8, + 1.8, +1.4 and – 1.2 t C ha-1, y-1, respectively. The results suggest a greater atmospheric CO2 sequestration potential for all five tree species when compared to a conventional agricultural system. DNA was also extracted from soil cores collected around four of the tree species (walnut, red oak, Norway spruce, poplar) and used for quantitative real-time PCR to determine the abundance of key functional genes in the nitrification and denitrification pathways. Results indicate that both tree species and proximity to the tree, can influence the abundance of key microbial groups associated with N2O production, particularly organisms associated with denitrification, nosZ and nirS. Soil void analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between x-ray bulk radio-density and soil bulk density, and a negative correlation between mean intra-aggregate x-ray radio-density and soil organic carbon (rs=-0.48, p=0.033), suggesting that the X-ray CT method could therefore be used to predict these soil properties