A segurança do paciente cirúrgico na perspectiva da vigilância sanitária — uma reflexão teórica

With the aim of preventing healthcare risks, improving health, and promoting patient safety, various measures have been implemented. Patient safety is equated to the re-duction of risk of unnecessary harm associated with healthcare to an acceptable mi-nimum. An incident that results in harm to a patient is known as Adverse Event (AE). Surgery-related AEs remain to be a global public health challenge. In Brazil, the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and Ministry of Health have delineated actions, po-licies, and health regulation to prevent AEs, including those resulting from surgical pro-cedures. In 2013, the National Patient Safety Program was established and the actions of patient safety were regulated by ANVISA. Despite progresses in the recently established national security policy for patients, further measures are still required to improve the quality and safety of surgical care. The creation and maintenance of a safety culture in healthcare services will assure safer surgical procedures. Thus, this study aimed to discuss the primary components related to healthcare quality and patient safety that are considered as priority in healthcare services and discuss strategies employed by the government to promote safe surgical care.Diversas medidas de prevenção dos riscos relacionados à assistência e à melhoria da saúde são desenvolvidas em favor da segurança do paciente. A segurança do paciente é entendida como a redução, a um mínimo aceitável, do risco de dano desnecessário associado à atenção à saúde. Danos desnecessários são conhecidos como Eventos Ad-versos (EAs). A preocupação com a segurança cirúrgica constitui um desafio mundial de saúde pública. No Brasil, a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) e o Ministério da Saúde delinearam ações, política e regulamentação sanitária para prevenir EAs, incluindo aqueles decorrentes de procedimentos cirúrgicos. Em 2013 foi instituído o Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente (PNSP), e a ANVISA regulamentou as ações de segurança do paciente. Apesar dos avanços da política nacional de segurança do pa-ciente, recentemente instituída no país, ainda são necessárias medidas visando a busca da qualidade e da segurança nos cuidados cirúrgicos. A instituição e a sustentação de cultura de segurança pode asseverar a cirurgia segura nos serviços de saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os principais componentes envolvidos na qualidade do cuidado e da segurança do paciente, como prioridades nos serviços de saúde e nas estratégias nacionais empregadas para a promoção da assistência cirúrgica segura

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Palinologia de espécies de Gesneriaceae Rich. & Juss. ocorrentes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Palynology of Gesneriaceae Rich. & Juss. species from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Foi realizado um estudo palinológico de 21 espécies da família Gesneriaceae reunidas em seis gêneros e três tribos: tribo Beslerieae -Besleria L. (4 spp.); tribo Episcieae - Codonanthe (Mart.) Hanst. (3 spp.), Nematanthus Schrad. (5 spp); tribo Sinningieae -Paliavana Vand. (1 sp.), Sinningia Nees (6 spp.) e Vanhouttea Lem. (2 spp.) ocorrentes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Objetivou-se caracterizar e ampliar os dados morfológicos da família, em nível genérico ou específico, contribuindo assim, para uma delimitação mais precisa dos táxons. Os grãos de pólen foram acetolisados, medidos, descritos e ilustrados sob microscopia de luz. Para observar detalhes da superfície e abertura, grãos de pólen não acetolisados foram analisados em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Os grãos de pólen das espécies estudadas variaram de pequenos a médios, suboblatos a prolatos; apresentaram cólporos ou colpos e o número de aberturas foi constante para todas as espécies analisadas (3-aperturados). A ornamentação da sexina variou entre escabrada, perfurada, rugulada, microrreticulada e reticulada. Os resultados mostraram que a morfologia polínica é bem definida entre as espécies estudadas, variou dentro e entre as tribos e gêneros, podendo ser usada para identificar os táxons e sustentar o caráter euripalinológico de Gesneriaceae.This work deals with the study of pollen of 21 species from the family Gesneriaceae found in six genera, divided into three tribes: Beslerieae tribe - Besleria L. (4 spp.) Episcieae tribe - Codonanthe (Mart.) Hanst. (3 spp.) Nematanthus Schrad. (5 spp); Sinningieae tribe - Paliavana Vand. (1 sp.), Sinningia Nees (6 spp.) and Vanhouttea Lem. (2 spp.), occurring in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. We aim to characterize and expand the morphological data of the family, at the general or specific level, thus contributing to a more precise delimitation of taxa. The pollen grains were acetolysed, measured, described and illustrated using light microscopy. To see details of the surface and opening, non-acetolysed pollen grains were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The pollen grains of the species studied ranged from small to medium, suboblate to prolate; they had colpores or colpes and the number of openings was constant for all species (3-aperture). Ornamentation of the sexine ranged from scabrous to perforated, rugulate, microrreticulate and reticulated. The results showed that pollen morphology is well defined for the species studied; it varied within and between tribes and genera, can be used to identify taxa and maintains the eurypalynological character of the family Gesneriaceae

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq