17 research outputs found

    Performances et apprentissages disciplinaires en éducation physique et sportive. Une étude des performances didactiques en jeux sportifs collectifs à l'école élémentaire

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    Cet article consacrĂ© aux relations entre performances et apprentissages disciplinaires nous conduit Ă  nous interroger sur la notion de performance didactique, rĂ©flexion que nous menons ici en Ă©ducation physique et sportive. Nous prĂ©sentons une Ă©tude de cas Ă  l’occasion d’une sĂ©ance de basket-ball Ă  l’école Ă©lĂ©mentaire. L’observation des interactions qui se nouent autour de l’apprentissage de la transmission de balle permet de suivre prĂ©cisĂ©ment le travail du professeur et des Ă©lĂšves dans leur rapport au milieu. Il est alors possible de mettre en Ă©vidence des mouvements d’élĂšves au sein du systĂšme didactique. L’interprĂ©tation permet de mettre en dĂ©bat des rĂ©sultats communĂ©ment admis dans la communautĂ© STAPS Ă  propos de l’apprentissage et des performances tout en participant Ă  la spĂ©cification des approches didactiques. Mots clĂ©s : Performance didactique, apprentissages disciplinaires, Ă©ducation physique et sportive, basket-ball, Ă©cole Ă©lĂ©mentaire

    Performances et apprentissages disciplinaires en éducation physique et sportive. Une étude des performances didactiques en jeux sportifs collectifs à l'école élémentaire

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    Cet article consacrĂ© aux relations entre performances et apprentissages disciplinaires nous conduit Ă  nous interroger sur la notion de performance didactique, rĂ©flexion que nous menons ici en Ă©ducation physique et sportive. Nous prĂ©sentons une Ă©tude de cas Ă  l’occasion d’une sĂ©ance de basket-ball Ă  l’école Ă©lĂ©mentaire. L’observation des interactions qui se nouent autour de l’apprentissage de la transmission de balle permet de suivre prĂ©cisĂ©ment le travail du professeur et des Ă©lĂšves dans leur rapport au milieu. Il est alors possible de mettre en Ă©vidence des mouvements d’élĂšves au sein du systĂšme didactique. L’interprĂ©tation permet de mettre en dĂ©bat des rĂ©sultats communĂ©ment admis dans la communautĂ© STAPS Ă  propos de l’apprentissage et des performances tout en participant Ă  la spĂ©cification des approches didactiques. Mots clĂ©s : Performance didactique, apprentissages disciplinaires, Ă©ducation physique et sportive, basket-ball, Ă©cole Ă©lĂ©mentaire

    Une étude du processus de dévolution des savoirs en sport collectif. Activité des élÚves et type de contrat à l'école élémentaire (cycle 3)

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    Etude du processus de dévolution du savoir au cours d'un épisode d'apprentissage en basket-ball à l'école élémentaire. Analyse de l'activité des élÚves dans une perspective systémique, c'est-à-dire dans ses relations avec les deux autres composantes du systÚme didactique : le maßtre, le savoi

    Glycosaminoglycans are interactants of Langerin: comparison with gp120 highlights an unexpected calcium-independent binding mode.

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    Langerin is a C-type lectin specifically expressed in Langerhans cells. As recently shown for HIV, Langerin is thought to capture pathogens and mediate their internalisation into Birbeck Granules for elimination. However, the precise functions of Langerin remain elusive, mostly because of the lack of information on its binding properties and physiological ligands. Based on recent reports that Langerin binds to sulfated sugars, we conducted here a comparative analysis of Langerin interaction with mannose-rich HIV glycoprotein gp120 and glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), a family of sulfated polysaccharides expressed at the surface of most mammalian cells. Our results first revealed that Langerin bound to these different glycans through very distinct mechanisms and led to the identification of a novel, GAG-specific binding mode within Langerin. In contrast to the canonical lectin domain, this new binding site showed no Ca(2+)-dependency, and could only be detected in entire, trimeric extracellular domains of Langerin. Interestingly binding to GAGs, did not simply rely on a net charge effect, but rather on more discrete saccharide features, such as 6-O-sulfation, or iduronic acid content. Using molecular modelling simulations, we proposed a model of Langerin/heparin complex, which located the GAG binding site at the interface of two of the three Carbohydrate-recognition domains of the protein, at the edge of the a-helix coiled-coil. To our knowledge, the binding properties that we have highlighted here for Langerin, have never been reported for C-type lectins before. These findings provide new insights towards the understanding of Langerin biological functions

    Disaccharide analysis of GAGs.

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    <p>For determination of GAG composition, heparin and CS samples were exhaustively depolymerised (with heparinases I, II, III and chondroitinase ABC, respectively), and the resulting disaccharides were resolved by SAX-HPLC, using a NaCl gradient calibrated with authentic standards.</p

    Langerin ECD interaction onto heparin.

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    <p>Surface was functionalized with heparin 6 kDa. 100 ”L Langerin ECD at 500 nM are injected onto the surface in a Ca<sup>2+</sup> containing running buffer. Two modes of surface regenerations are tested, 1: Injection of 30 ”L of 50 mM EDTA. 2: Injection of 50 ”L of 350 mM MgCl<sub>2</sub>.</p

    Comparison of heparin and gp120 binding mode to Langerin.

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    <p>A) Overlay of sensorgram showing Langerin CRD interaction onto gp120<sub>YU2</sub> functionalized surface in Ca<sup>2+</sup> buffer. Langerin CRD concentration range is from 400 ”M to 12,5 ”M with 2 times serial dilution. B) Overlay of sensorgram showing Langerin ECD interaction onto gp120<sub>YU2</sub> functionalised surface in calcium buffer. The concentration range of Langerin ECD is from 2 ”M to 7,8 nM with 2 times serial dilution. C) SPR sensorgram of Langerin ECD interaction onto gp120<sub>YU2</sub> functionalised surface in calcium and EDTA buffer. Langerin ECD injection has been performed at 500 nM concentration of protein. D) SPR binding analysis of gp120 interaction as a function of Langerin ECD concentration. E) Overlay of sensorgram showing Langerin CRD interaction onto biotinylated 6 kDa heparin functionalised surface in calcium buffer. Langerin CRD concentration was from 100 ”M to 1.6 ”M with 2-fold serial dilution. F) Overlay of sensorgram showing of Langerin ECD interaction onto biotinylated 6 kDa heparin functionalised surface in calcium buffer. The concentration range of Langerin ECD is from 1 ”M to 0,49 nM with 2 times serial dilution. G) SPR titration experiment of Langerin ECD interaction onto biotinylated 6 kDa heparin functionalised surface in EDTA buffer. The concentration range of Langerin ECD is from 8 ”M to 0,488 nM with 2 times serial dilution. H) Overlay of sensorgram showing Langerin ECD on 6kDa heparin surface in calcium buffer () and in EDTA buffer (←).</p

    Heparin fragments.

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    <p>2-N-sulfated, 6-O-sulfated α-D-glucopyranoside (A) and 2-O-sulfated ÎČ-L-<i>idopyranoside</i> monomers in its <sup>1</sup>C<sub>4</sub> (B) and <sup>2</sup>S<sub>O</sub> (C) ring shapes were considered for building heparin fragments for docking calculations. Glycosidic linkages are also indicated, defined as φ = O5<sub>i</sub> – C1<sub>i</sub> – O1<sub>i</sub> – C4<sub>j</sub> and ψ = C1<sub>i</sub> – O1<sub>i</sub> – C4<sub>j</sub> – C5<sub>j.</sub></p

    Three-dimensional model of langerin ECD and potential heparin docking sites.

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    <p>The human Langerin ECD is represented by its Connolly surface, color-coded according to the molecular electrostatic potential (from blue for negative to red for positive areas). The most probable regions for interactions with heparin are indicated with colored boxes populated with methylsulfate docking solutions, represented in <i>space fill</i> (5A: top view; 5B: side view).</p
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