Wie erleben Erfasserinnen den Umgang mit der Observed Emotional Rating Scale?

Da im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher kaum empirische Daten zur Anwendung der Observed Emotion Rating Scale (OERS) bei demenzerkrankten Personen vorliegen, sollte im Rahmen des Pilotprojekts «Agitation» untersucht werden, wie Erfasserinnen den Einsatz des Instruments OERS erleben. Zu diesem Zweck konnten 12 Probandinnen gewonnen werden, die in drei Pflegezentren im Kanton Zürich Beobachtungen mit dem Instrument OERS durchführten. Der überwiegende Teil der Probandinnen verfügte über pflegerische Qualifikationen bzw. Erfahrung im Umgang mit demenzerkrankten Personen. Die Datensammlung erfolgte anhand von drei Fokusgruppeninterviews, die mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet worden waren. Die vorläufigen Ergebnisse aus den Fokusgruppeninterviews wurden von denselben Probandinnen anhand eines Fragebogens validiert. Die Kategorien «fehlende Eindeutigkeit», «fehlende Kodiermöglichkeit», «Demenzschwere», «Einschätzen von Emotionen», «Einflussfaktoren» und «Anwenderschulung» zeigten, dass das Wissen um die Demenzerkrankung genauso bedeutsam ist wie eine geübte Handhabung der OERS. As barely any empirical data on the application of the Observed Emotion Rating Scale (OERS) on sufferers of dementia is available for German-speaking Europe, the pilot project titled “Agitation” aimed to see how those persons entering the data get along with the OERS instrument. For this purpose, 12 test persons were persuaded to carry out observations with the OERS instrument in three care centres located in the Swiss Canton of Zurich. The test persons were predominantly holders of nursing qualifications and/or experienced in caring for patients suffering from dementia. Data collection was undertaken on the basis of three focus group interviews which were evaluated via qualitative content analysis. The preliminary results gained in the focus group interviews were validated by the same people using a questionnaire. The categories were titled “Missing Clearness”, “Missing Possibility to Encode”, “Level of Dementia”, “Estimation of Emotions”, “Influencing Factors” and “User Training”. These indicated that know­ledge of dementia is just as important as skilled use of OERS

Welche Informationen benötigen Erfasserinnen für den Einsatz der Observed Emotion Rating Scale?

As there have so far not been any empirical results in German-speaking Europe with regard to training people in the use of the Observed Emotion Rating Scale (OERS) instrument, the investigation needs to establish what information is required for those involved in OERS data entry. The explorative analysis was carried out with 12 probands using a methodological approach based on the Mayring (2003) qualitative content analysis procedure. Based on the results, it became clear that the use of OERS needs to be well prepared in advance, as the estimation¨of emotions with sufferers of dementia requires background knowledge of the illness, as well as the adjustment of those under observation to the surroundings being required. Furthermore, it became apparent that the use of OERS is suited to reflecting the surroundings of those suffering from dementia, as the rarity of emotions being expressed can itself be a sign of a maladjusted environment. Da im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher keine empirischen Ergebnisse im Bedarf einer Schulung mit dem Instrument Observed Emotion Rating Scale (OERS) vorliegen, sollte mit der Untersuchung herausgefunden werden, welche Informationen Erfasserinnen für den Einsatz der OERS benötigen. Die Untersuchung wurde explorativ mit dem methodischen Ansatz der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2003) bei 12 Probandinnen durchgeführt.Anhand der Ergebnisse wurde ersichtlich, dass der Einsatz der OERS gut vorbereitet werden muss, weil die Einschätzung von Emotionen bei demenzerkrankten Menschen Hintergrundwissen zur Erkrankung benötigt und eine Anpassung der Beobachtenden an die Umgebung Voraussetzung ist. Ferner stellte sich heraus, dass sich der Einsatz der OERS dazu eignet, die Umgebung von Demenzerkrankten zu reflektieren, weil der Umstand, dass nur selten Emotionen geäußert werden, auch ein Zeichen für eine unangepasste Umgebung sein kann

From molecular quantum electrodynamics at finite temperatures to nuclear magnetic resonance

The algebraic reformulation of molecular Quantum Electrodynamics ( mQED ) at fi nite temperatures is applied to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( NMR ) in order to provide a foundation for the reconstruction of much more detailed molecular structures, than possible with current methods. Conventional NMR theories are directly related to the effective spin model, which idealizes nuclei as fi xed points in a lattice 3 . However, the delocalization of spins due to the thermal energy is more realistically described by the amplitude square of the nuclear wave function |Ψ β ( X )| 2 with Î X n3 , instead of fi xed points in 3 . In addition, the phenomenological integration of thermalization only allows an investigation of the molecular structure based on the position of the punctiform center of an NMR signal, but not based on the width and shape of NMR signals. Hence, a lot information on molecular structures remain hidden in experimental NMR data. In this document it is shown how |Ψ β ( X )| 2 , Î X n3 can be reconstructed from NMR data. To this end, it is shown how NMR spectra can be calculated directly from mQED at fi nite temperatures without involving the effective description. The new method connects all data points — the positions, widths, heights and shapes —description. The new method connects all data points — the positions, widths, heights and shapes — of NMR signals directly with the molecular structure, which allows more detailed investigations of the underlying system. Furthermore, it is shown that the presented method corrects wrong predictions of the effective spin model. The fundamental problem of performing numerical calculations with the in fi nite-dimensional radiation fi eld is solved by using a puri fi ed representation of a KMS state on a W * -algebra

Homage to Professor INUZUKA Susumu

千葉大学「人文研究」第41