479 research outputs found

    Status of and suggestions for the animal collections used in teaching biology in Idaho\u27s high schools

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    Wie erleben Erfasserinnen den Umgang mit der Observed Emotional Rating Scale?

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    Da im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher kaum empirische Daten zur Anwendung der Observed Emotion Rating Scale (OERS) bei demenzerkrankten Personen vorliegen, sollte im Rahmen des Pilotprojekts «Agitation» untersucht werden, wie Erfasserinnen den Einsatz des Instruments OERS erleben. Zu diesem Zweck konnten 12 Probandinnen gewonnen werden, die in drei Pflegezentren im Kanton ZĂŒrich Beobachtungen mit dem Instrument OERS durchfĂŒhrten. Der ĂŒberwiegende Teil der Probandinnen verfĂŒgte ĂŒber pflegerische Qualifikationen bzw. Erfahrung im Umgang mit demenzerkrankten Personen. Die Datensammlung erfolgte anhand von drei Fokusgruppeninterviews, die mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet worden waren. Die vorlĂ€ufigen Ergebnisse aus den Fokusgruppeninterviews wurden von denselben Probandinnen anhand eines Fragebogens validiert. Die Kategorien «fehlende Eindeutigkeit», «fehlende Kodiermöglichkeit», «Demenzschwere», «EinschĂ€tzen von Emotionen», «Einflussfaktoren» und «Anwenderschulung» zeigten, dass das Wissen um die Demenzerkrankung genauso bedeutsam ist wie eine geĂŒbte Handhabung der OERS. As barely any empirical data on the application of the Observed Emotion Rating Scale (OERS) on sufferers of dementia is available for German-speaking Europe, the pilot project titled “Agitation” aimed to see how those persons entering the data get along with the OERS instrument. For this purpose, 12 test persons were persuaded to carry out observations with the OERS instrument in three care centres located in the Swiss Canton of Zurich. The test persons were predominantly holders of nursing qualifications and/or experienced in caring for patients suffering from dementia. Data collection was undertaken on the basis of three focus group interviews which were evaluated via qualitative content analysis. The preliminary results gained in the focus group interviews were validated by the same people using a questionnaire. The categories were titled “Missing Clearness”, “Missing Possibility to Encode”, “Level of Dementia”, “Estimation of Emotions”, “Influencing Factors” and “User Training”. These indicated that know­ledge of dementia is just as important as skilled use of OERS

    The Use of Massage Therapy for Reducing Pain, Anxiety, and Depression in Oncological Palliative Care Patients: A Narrative Review of the Literature

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    A considerable number of cancer patients use complementary medicine therapies in order to alleviate different symptoms such as pain, anxiety, and depression, occurring in connection with cancer. This paper explores the question to what extent massage therapies are able to reduce the amount of pain, anxiety, and depression. For this purpose, a systematic literature analysis was carried out in the electronic databases and specialist journals. There is already evidence that massage therapies can influence the symptoms of pain, anxiety, and depression in a positive way

    IRES-mediated Translation of Laminin B1 during Hepatocellular Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

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    Die Initiation der Translation zellulĂ€rer mRNAs wird von einem „Scanning“-Mechanismus reguliert, welcher von der PrĂ€senz der m7G-Cap-Struktur am 5‘-Terminus der mRNA abhĂ€ngig ist. ZusĂ€tzlich gibt es einen Prozess, bei dem Ribosomen innerhalb der 5’-untranslatierten Region (5’-UTR) direkt an ein RNA-Motiv, dem sogenannten „internal ribosome entry site“ (IRES), binden. ZellulĂ€re mRNAs mit IRESs spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der Tumorprogression. Die epitheliale-mesenchymale Transition (EMT) von Hepatozyten nimmt eine SchlĂŒsselrolle in der Tumorentwicklung ein und wird durch die Kooperation von „Transforming Growth Factor“ (TGF)-ÎČ und onkogenem Ras induziert. Diese EMT-transformierten Zellen weisen nicht nur einen verstĂ€rkten „Platetelet-Derived Growth Factor” (PDGF) Signalweg, sondern auch eine vermehrte Translation der Laminin B1 (LamB1) mRNA auf. Ein IRES innerhalb der LamB1 5’-UTR ist fĂŒr die Hochregulierung dieser extrazellulĂ€ren Matrixkomponente verantwortlich. WĂ€hrend der EMT neoplastischer Hepatozyten akkumuliert der IRES trans-aktivierende Faktor La im Zytoplasma und bindet an den LamB1 IRES um seine Translation zu verstĂ€rken. In dieser Arbeit haben wir Signalwege analysiert, welche die LamB1 IRES Translation regulieren. Wir untersuchten Zelllinien maligner Hepatozyten, die onkogenes Ras oder mutierte Versionen von Ras Subeffektor Signalwegen exprimieren. ZusĂ€tzlich verwendeten wir pharmakologische Inhibitoren in Maushepatozyten. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass primĂ€r der „Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase” (MAPK) Signalweg die LamB1 IRES Translation in epithelialen Hepatozyten kontrolliert und dass nach der EMT sowohl der MAPK als auch der „Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase” (PI3K) Signalweg die LamB1 IRES Translation erhöhen. ZusĂ€tzlich weisen unsere Daten darauf hin, dass der MAPK Signalweg der Hauptregulationsweg fĂŒr die LamB1 IRES Translation wĂ€hrend der hepatozellulĂ€ren EMT ist. Weitere Untersuchungen zeigten, dass der PDGF Signalweg die La Akkumulation im Zytoplasma kontrolliert und dadurch die LamB1 IRES AktivitĂ€t in EMT- transformierten Hepatozyten erhöht. Daraus schließen wir, dass der PDGF Signalweg wĂ€hrend der hepatozelluĂ€ren EMT nicht nur die MAPK und PI3K Signalwegaktivierung steigert, sondern auch zu einer Akkumulation von La im Zytoplasma fĂŒhrt, welche eine Erhöhung der LamB1 IRES Translation bewirkt.Translation of cellular mRNAs is most frequently started by the cap-dependent scanning mechanism. However, another initiation process directly recruits ribosomes to a RNA motif located within the 5’-untranslated region (5’-UTR), referred to as internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Several IRES-containing mRNAs have important roles during tumor progression. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a crucial mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma development, which is caused by the synergy of transforming growth factor (TGF)-ÎČ and oncogenic Ras, involving an upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling. Interestingly, elevated translation of the extracellular matrix component laminin B1 (LamB1) was observed during hepatocellular EMT. The increase of LamB1 was found to depend on an IRES element located in the 5’-UTR of its mRNA. Furthermore, the IRES trans-acting factor La showed accumulation in the cytoplasm and was identified to bind and enhance LamB1 IRES activity upon EMT. In this study we analyzed the signaling pathways regulating LamB1 IRES translation during hepatocellular EMT. We employed different murine hepatocyte cell lines expressing oncogenic Ras or mutant versions of Ras subeffector signaling. Additionally, we performed pharmacological interference in murine hepatocytes. Our results suggest that mainly the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway controls LamB1 IRES translation in epithelial hepatocytes and that upon EMT the MAPK as well as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway regulate the LamB1 IRES translation. Moreover, the data indicate that the MAPK pathway is the major regulatory pathway of LamB1 IRES during hepatocellular EMT. Further investigations showed that PDGF signaling enhances LamB1 IRES activity by controlling cytoplasmic La localization in EMT-transformed hepatocytes. Therefore, we propose that the PDGF signaling enhances MAPK and PI3K signaling as well as cytoplasmic La localization, which upregulates LamB1 IRES translation upon hepatocellular EMT

    Welche Informationen benötigen Erfasserinnen fĂŒr den Einsatz der Observed Emotion Rating Scale?

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    As there have so far not been any empirical results in German-speaking Europe with regard to training people in the use of the Observed Emotion Rating Scale (OERS) instrument, the investigation needs to establish what information is required for those involved in OERS data entry. The explorative analysis was carried out with 12 probands using a methodological approach based on the Mayring (2003) qualitative content analysis procedure. Based on the results, it became clear that the use of OERS needs to be well prepared in advance, as the estimationšof emotions with sufferers of dementia requires background knowledge of the illness, as well as the adjustment of those under observation to the surroundings being required. Furthermore, it became apparent that the use of OERS is suited to reflecting the surroundings of those suffering from dementia, as the rarity of emotions being expressed can itself be a sign of a maladjusted environment. Da im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher keine empirischen Ergebnisse im Bedarf einer Schulung mit dem Instrument Observed Emotion Rating Scale (OERS) vorliegen, sollte mit der Untersuchung herausgefunden werden, welche Informationen Erfasserinnen fĂŒr den Einsatz der OERS benötigen. Die Untersuchung wurde explorativ mit dem methodischen Ansatz der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2003) bei 12 Probandinnen durchgefĂŒhrt.Anhand der Ergebnisse wurde ersichtlich, dass der Einsatz der OERS gut vorbereitet werden muss, weil die EinschĂ€tzung von Emotionen bei demenzerkrankten Menschen Hintergrundwissen zur Erkrankung benötigt und eine Anpassung der Beobachtenden an die Umgebung Voraussetzung ist. Ferner stellte sich heraus, dass sich der Einsatz der OERS dazu eignet, die Umgebung von Demenzerkrankten zu reflektieren, weil der Umstand, dass nur selten Emotionen geĂ€ußert werden, auch ein Zeichen fĂŒr eine unangepasste Umgebung sein kann

    Impact of Abrupt Deglacial Climate Change on Tropical Atlantic Subsurface Temperatures

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    Both instrumental data analyses and coupled ocean-atmosphere models indicate that Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability is tightly linked to abrupt tropical North Atlantic (TNA) climate change through both atmospheric and oceanic processes. Although a slowdown of AMOC results in an atmospheric-induced surface cooling in the entire TNA, the subsurface experiences an even larger warming because of rapid reorganizations of ocean circulation patterns at intermediate water depths. Here, we reconstruct high-resolution temperature records using oxygen isotope values and Mg/Ca ratios in both surface- and sub-thermocline-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from a sediment core located in the TNA over the last 22 ky. Our results show significant changes in the vertical thermal gradient of the upper water column, with the warmest subsurface temperatures of the last deglacial transition corresponding to the onset of the Younger Dryas. Furthermore, we present new analyses of a climate model simulation forced with freshwater discharge into the North Atlantic under Last Glacial Maximum forcings and boundary conditions that reveal a maximum subsurface warming in the vicinity of the core site and a vertical thermal gradient change at the onset of AMOC weakening, consistent with the reconstructed record. Together, our proxy reconstructions and modeling results provide convincing evidence for a subsurface oceanic teleconnection linking high-latitude North Atlantic climate to the tropical Atlantic during periods of reduced AMOC across the last deglacial transition
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