Mine Action and Land Issues in Columbia

The purpose of this report is to examine the key links between land issues and mine action in Colombia and to provide practical ‘do no harm’ guidance to mine action organisations to ensure that mine action facilitates the return of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), promotes tenure security and contributes to longer term socio-economic recovery

A PES Study of Factors Influencing Metal Partitioning in Aquatic Systems: “Design of Experiment As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn”

Mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals are related to their partitioning amongst suspended sediment and water. A Particle Entrainment Simulator (PES) is used to simulate sediment resuspention in natural surface water systems. The simulations were carried out under various conditions of water/suspended solids conditions. Five factors, each at various levels, are tested collectively: the pH of water at two levels (4 and 8), shear stress on bottom sediment at three levels (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 N/m2 ) salinity of water at two levels (0.01 and 14.0 ppt), organic matter in sediment at three levels (0.50, 1.93, and 3.80%) and temperature at three levels 6, 15, and 30oC). The 3 3 x 22 factorial experiment was generated using Mini Tab 16® software. The metals evaluated in this study are the top eight metals commonly found in New England sediments. Each metal concentration was simulated at a level slightly higher than its Effective Range Median (ERM), above which, detrimental effects are frequently observed when exceeded. For the eight metals tested in this study, multiple regression equations are generated to predict the partition coefficient Kd of each metal under the various conditions of the five factors studied. The most significant factors influencing partitioning of each metal and the interactions between the factors were evaluated and validated

What constitutes clinically significant binge eating? Association between binge features and clinical validators in college-age women

Objective: To investigate the association between binge features and clinical validators. Method: The Eating Disorder Examination assessed binge features in a sample of 549 college-age women: loss of control (LOC) presence, binge frequency, binge size, indicators of impaired control, and LOC severity. Clinical validators were self-reported clinical impairment and current psychiatric comorbidity, as determined via a semistructured interview. Results: Compared with women without LOC, those with LOC had significantly greater odds of reporting clinical impairment and comorbidity (ps \u3c 0.001). Among women with LOC (n = 252), the indicators of impaired control and LOC severity, but not binge size or frequency, were associated with greater odds of reporting clinical impairment and/or comorbidity (ps \u3c 0.05). Dicussion: Findings confirm that the presence of LOC may be the hallmark feature of binge eating. Further, dimensional ratings about the LOC experienceand possibly the indicators of impaired controlmay improve reliable identification of clinically significant binge eating. (c) 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013

Adherence to Behavioral Targets and Treatment Attendance During a Pediatric Weight Control Trial

Objective: Better weight loss outcomes are achieved in adults and youth who adhere to obesity treatment regimens (i.e., session attendance and prescribed changes in weight control behaviors). However, more research is needed regarding children\u27s adherence to a range of behaviors relevant for weight maintenance over long-term follow-up. Design and Methods: Overweight children (N = 101, aged 7-12 years), along with an overweight parent, participated in a 20-week family-based behavioral weight loss treatment (FBT) and were then assigned to either a behaviorally focused or socially focused 16-week weight maintenance treatment (MT). Treatment attendance and child and parent adherence (i.e., reported use of skills targeted within treatment) were examined in relation to child percent overweight change from baseline to post-FBT, post-MT, and 2-year follow-up. Results: Higher attendance predicted better child weight outcomes at post-MT, but not at 2-year follow-up. Adherence to self-regulatory skills/goal-setting skills predicted child weight outcomes at 2-year follow-up among the behaviorally focused MT group. Conclusions: Future research is needed to examine mediators of change within family-based weight control interventions, including behavioral and socially based targets. Incorporating self-regulatory weight maintenance skills into a comprehensive MT may maximize children\u27s sustained weight control

The Nosological Status of Loss of Control over Eating in Children

A significant subset of overweight children report loss of control: LOC) over eating: i.e., feeling unable to stop eating), a correlate of poorer psychosocial functioning and obesity. Another obesogenic appetitive trait, high food reinforcement, is characterized by a strong drive to obtain palatable food. LOC and high food reinforcement both predict increased energy intake and excessive weight gain, although the association between LOC and high food reinforcement has not been examined in youth. Additionally, the impact of LOC or high food reinforcement on pediatric weight loss treatment response remains unclear, including whether children with fewer alternate: non-snack food) reinforcers available in their environment are particularly at risk for poor outcomes. Overweight children: N = 241), each with one parent, were assessed at baseline and following 4-month family-based behavioral weight loss treatment. Children who reported ≥1 LOC episode in the past 3 months were categorized as LOC: n = 62, 25.7%) and compared against children reporting no recent LOC: No LOC). As hypothesized, LOC children were more likely to demonstrate high food reinforcement, as well as self-reported higher emotional eating, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and poorer quality of life than No LOC children, although LOC groups did not differ on corresponding parent-report on child variables. Moreover, LOC and food reinforcement interacted with child gender and reinforcers in the environment, respectively—boys with LOC, and children with low food reinforcement and higher alternate reinforcers, achieved the best weight outcomes. Although child-parent associations were not observed for LOC, relations between child and parent food reinforcement and between parent food reinforcement and alcohol reinforcement indicate high food reinforcement\u27s potential heritability and lack of domain-specificity. Overall, pediatric LOC eating appears associated with higher food reinforcement and poorer perceived quality of life, but may not hinder short-term family-based treatment success. Future longitudinal studies are needed to assess improvement in LOC severity over time and its potential impact on both short- and long-term treatment response. Findings additionally underscore the importance of targeting the provision of alternate reinforcers to high energy-dense foods as a means of enhancing treatment response within pediatric weight control programs

EC9924 The Story of Home Canning

Extension Circular 9924: This circular contains information about the Home Canning. It tells you about this person’s early history, commercial canning, and development of equipment, methods, home canning, pressure cookers, and recent situations

Unge menneskers rettsforståelse. Fra beskyttet ungdom til ansvarsfull voksen

Denne masteroppgaven er en kvalitativ undersøkelse basert på individuelle intervju av tretten unge voksne i alderen 18 – 22 år. Her handler det om å se nærmere på hvilken rettsforståelse, normer og holdninger unge voksne besitter ved fylte 18 år. Unge voksne lever i et spenn mellom å være ungdom og voksen – de befinner seg i en glidende overgang. Hvilke sosialiseringsprosesser bidrar til danning av selvet og til å bli en ansvarsfull voksen? Oppgaven beveger seg innom flere kulturelle systemer og samfunnsforhold i et forsøk på å kartlegge forhold som kan sies å påvirke og være viktige i en juridisk sosialiseringsprosess. Dernest rettes søkelyset mot «ungdomslivet» gjennom videregående, en periode som faller sammen med myndighetsalderen. Tanken er å se levd liv og handlinger som et speil eller en «stresstest» av de holdninger, normer og rettsforståelse som har etablert seg frem til da. I analysen lar jeg de unge selv få ordet, og her kobles verden slik den fremstår for dem i praksis med relevant teori og forskning. Slik nøster vi i ulike tema som har betydning for det «moralske kompasset» som tar form. Viktige kategorier som undersøkes er familien og skolen, og i noen grad politi og media sin påvirkning. Utover dette ser vi nærmere på hva den sosiale samhandling kan sies å bety og hva den forteller oss i dette perspektivet. Her kobles internaliserte normer og holdninger om rett og galt til kriminalitet i unge år. Som et forstørrelsesglass på problemstillingen blir særlig russetiden et viktig tema. Hvordan fungerer det moralske kompasset i denne perioden, og hva kan det eventuelt fortelle? Avslutningsvis prøver jeg å knytte trådene sammen. Er resultatet av juridiske sosialiseringsprosesser gjennom barne- og ungdomsår som forventet, eller speiler virkeligheten noe annet