Precision heat forming of tetrafluoroethylene tubing

An invention that provides a method of altering the size of tetrafluoroethylene tubing which is only available in limited combination of wall thicknesses and diameter are discussed. The method includes the steps of sliding the tetrafluoroethylene tubing onto an aluminum mandrel and clamping the ends of the tubing to the mandrel by means of clamps. The tetrafluorethylene tubing and mandrel are then placed in a supporting coil which with the mandrel and tetrafluorethylene tubing are then positioned in a insulated steel pipe which is normally covered with a fiber glass insulator to smooth out temperature distribution therein. The entire structure is then placed in an event which heats the tetrafluorethylene tubing which is then shrunk by the heat to the outer dimension of the aluminum mandrel. After cooling the aluminum mandrel is removed from the newly sized tetrafluorethylene tubing by a conventional chemical milling process

Alfalfa Varieties for Ohio

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The Doctrine of Specialty: An Argument for a More Restrictive Rauscher Interpretation After State v. Pang

This Note examines how U.S. courts have weakened the specialty doctrine in treaty-based extradition to the United States. Although courts have consistently paid lip service to its vitality, the doctrine of a specialty has often been set aside to allow prosecution for additional offenses. This Note examines the primary line of inquiry that has been used by courts to interpret the doctrine, and suggests that it is incorrect. A correct interpretation of the doctrine requires a presumption that the extradited person may not be charged with additional offenses. Part II of this Note will outline the doctrine of specialty and the role it plays in international extradition. Part III will present the development of the modern interpretation of the doctrine. Part IV will highlight the problems created by this loose interpretation using State v. Pang as a paradigm. Part V will present a more restrictive interpretation: when extradition is granted pursuant to treaty it should be presumed that the extradited person may not be prosecuted for additional offenses

Optimization of a Single Particle Soot Photometer for Metallic Particle Detection and Differentiation

Metallic particles can be detrimental when present in the atmosphere, because they could contribute to global climate change through direct atmospheric absorption and reduction of snow albedo. There have also been links between the presence of iron-oxide particles in the brain and Alzheimer’s diseaseA, suggesting metallic particles as a potentially important air pollutant that is not currently well-characterized. The ability to detect these particles in real time will help further our understanding of them. Single particle soot photometers (SP2) are primarily used to measure black carbon, but can be modified to measure and characterize metallic particles, as indicated in a previous studyB. Modifications to the SP2, including the addition of optical filters to the incandescent channels, were made in an attempt to better distinguish metallic particles and black carbon. The addition of the optical filters appears to be unnecessary for distinguishing metallic particles. The incandescence efficiencies of different metallic particles were also analyzed to assess the practicality of measuring these particles in the atmosphere. Ambient air sampled in Boulder, CO showed a small amount of metallic pollution, between 2±2% of the total mass of measured incandescent particles. Reliable measurements of metallic particles would help us better understand the quantity and type of metallic particles in the atmosphere, which can then be used to study their effects on climate and human health. A. Maher, Barbara A., et al. “Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113.39 (2016): 10797-10801. B. Yoshida, Atsushi, et al. “Detection of light-absorbing iron oxide particles using a modified single-particle soot photometer.” Aerosol Science and Technology50.3 (2016): 1-4

Managing a sustainable, low carbon supply chain in the English National Health Service: The views of senior managers.

Objectives:In an effort to reduce costs and respond to climate change, health care providers (Trusts) in England have started to change how they purchase goods and services. Many factors, both internal and external, affect the supply chain. Our aim was to identify those factors, so as to maintain future supply and business continuity in health and social care.Methods:Qualitative interviews with 20 senior managers from private and public sector health service providers and social care providers in south west England. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.Results:There were four areas of concern: contradictions with government legislation which caused confusion about how best to deliver sustainable solutions; procurement was unclear and created multiple approaches to purchasing bulk items at low cost; internal organizational systems needed to be reconsidered to embed sustainability; and embedding sustainability requires a review of organizational systems. There are examples of sustainability solutions throughout the National Health Service (NHS) but the response continues to be patchy. More research is needed into why some Trusts and some staff do not recognize the benefits of a core approach or find the systems unable to respond.Conclusions:The NHS is one of the major purchasers of goods and services in England and is therefore in an excellent position to encourage sustainable resource management, manufacturing, use and disposal

Anthropogenic influences on the time budgets of urban vervet monkeys.

Continuing urban developments are ecologically changing many landscapes. A greater understanding of how wildlife adapt behaviorally to these changes is necessary to inform management decisions. Time is a valuable resource to wildlife and a reflection of ecological pressures on the behavioral repertoire of an animal. Data on urban vervet monkey, Chlorocebus pygerythrus, time budgets are generally limited and dated. We aimed to investigate the effect of anthropogenic influences, both human food consumption (positive) and human-monkey conflict (negative) on the time budgets of vervet monkeys in an urban landscape. We collected 20 min. focal animal observations and used generalized linear mixed models to assess the variation in time budget between five urban vervet monkey troops differing in anthropogenic contact over one year. We recorded anthropogenic interactions ad lib. as positive and negative. Our results showed seasonal influences across all behaviors. Furthermore, anthropogenic disturbance influenced all aspects of time budget to some degree. We found a positive interaction effect between positive and negative human incidents on foraging, and a negative interaction effect on movement and social behavior. Overall, vervet monkeys exhibited behavioral flexibility in the urban landscape. We suggest a complex association of costs and benefits to urban living

A Taxonomy of Phishing: Attack Types Spanning Economic, Temporal, Breadth, and Target Boundaries

Phishing remains a pernicious problem for organizations. Phishing attacks are increasing in sophistication, which hinders the ability of cybersecurity functions to effectively defend against them. These attacks are becoming increasingly complex, dynamic, and multifaceted to evade the organizational, individual, and technical countermeasures employed in a cybersecurity ecosystem. Information security (ISec) phishing research and practice have provided an understanding of generalized phishing attacks and their subsequent defense. Yet by applying generalized phishing rules to these studies, it may not be sufficient to understand and defend escalated forms of phishing. This study seeks to develop a taxonomy of phishing to provide a more nuanced understanding of this phenomena. This taxonomy may assist ISec research in providing theoretical guidance for the understanding and defense of the various forms of phishing