Positive airway pressure ventilation and complications in pediatric tracheocutaneous fistula repair

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152684/1/lary27834_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152684/2/lary27834.pd

CT characterisation and classification of feline temporomandibular joint trauma : a case series of 79 cats

Research Areas: Veterinary SciencesObjectives The aim of this study was to characterise and describe patterns of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injuries occurring in cats using CT. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in adherence with the STROBE guidelines. Among the medical and CT records of 79 cats, 158 TMJs were reviewed in a collaborative study between six institutions. Results TMJ injuries were most commonly unilateral, representing 70.9% of cases. The mandibular condyle was fractured in 88 cases (55.7%) of the 158 TMJs observed. Of those, 84.0% were intra-articular condyle fractures, with the medial half of the mandibular condyle over-represented. Luxations occurred in 32.9% of cases, which was 19.0% of all evaluated TMJs. Rostrodorsal luxations were most common representing 87.0% of all luxations. Temporal bone fractures were observed in 30.4% of all cases, which was 18.4% of TMJs. The majority of fractures were of an unknown cause. When the cause was determined, road traffic accident (RTA) was the most frequent, followed by animal interaction, other external forces (sharp or blunt force) and high-rise trauma. Bilateral injuries were 13.1 times more likely to occur in high-rise trauma (P=0.01) and temporal bone fracture was significantly associated with RTAs (P=0.016). No other significant associations were observed between cause of injury and the resulting TMJ injury pattern. Conclusions and relevance Various TMJ injury patterns can occur in cats as a result of trauma. Intra-articular fractures of the medial half of the mandibular condyle occur most commonly. Although unilateral injuries are more frequent, high-rise trauma tends to present with bilateral lesions. Further studies with a larger sample size should be performed to better understand TMJ patterns of injury and how they relate to possible causes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Intensive care unit versus non–intensive care unit postoperative management of head and neck free flaps: Comparative effectiveness and cost comparisons

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106719/1/hed23325.pd

Systemic Biomarkers of Neutrophilic Inflammation, Tissue Injury and Repair in COPD Patients with Differing Levels of Disease Severity

The identification and validation of biomarkers to support the assessment of novel therapeutics for COPD continues to be an important area of research. The aim of the current study was to identify systemic protein biomarkers correlated with measures of COPD severity, as well as specific protein signatures associated with comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome. 142 protein analytes were measured in serum of 140 patients with stable COPD, 15 smokers without COPD and 30 non-smoking controls. Seven analytes (sRAGE, EN-RAGE, NGAL, Fibrinogen, MPO, TGF-α and HB-EGF) showed significant differences between severe/very severe COPD, mild/moderate COPD, smoking and non-smoking control groups. Within the COPD subjects, univariate and multivariate analyses identified analytes significantly associated with FEV1, FEV1/FVC and DLCO. Most notably, a set of 5 analytes (HB-EGF, Fibrinogen, MCP-4, sRAGE and Sortilin) predicted 21% of the variability in DLCO values. To determine common functions/pathways, analytes were clustered in a correlation network by similarity of expression profile. While analytes related to neutrophil function (EN-RAGE, NGAL, MPO) grouped together to form a cluster associated with FEV1 related parameters, analytes related to the EGFR pathway (HB-EGF, TGF-α) formed another cluster associated with both DLCO and FEV1 related parameters. Associations of Fibrinogen with DLCO and MPO with FEV1/FVC were stronger in patients without metabolic syndrome (r  =  −0.52, p  = 0.005 and r  =  −0.61, p  = 0.023, respectively) compared to patients with coexisting metabolic syndrome (r  =  −0.25, p  = 0.47 and r  =  −0.15, p  = 0.96, respectively), and may be driving overall associations in the general cohort. In summary, our study has identified known and novel serum protein biomarkers and has demonstrated specific associations with COPD disease severity, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and DLCO. These data highlight systemic inflammatory pathways, neutrophil activation and epithelial tissue injury/repair processes as key pathways associated with COPD

Positive airway pressure ventilation and complications in pediatric tracheocutaneous fistula repair

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152684/1/lary27834_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152684/2/lary27834.pd

Neonatal Lateral Epiglottic Defects

INTRODUCTION: Multiple congenital abnormalities of the epiglottis have been reported and iatrogenic injuries to the larynx and subglottis are well known. We present a new pattern of defect not previously reported in the literature. METHODS: Epiglottic abnormalities at two institutions are reviewed. Cases of defects involving the lateral aspect of the epiglottis and aryepiglottic fold are identified. A literature review of known epiglottic defects is performed. RESULTS: Two children possessing lateral notch injuries at the aryepiglottic attachment to the epiglottis are described. Both children have a history of multiple laryngeal instrumentation attempts and prolonged intubation. Both have swallowing difficulties and are gastrostomy dependent. Congenital epiglottic defects include aplasia and midline bifidity, however, no lateral congenital epiglottic defects have been reported. CONCLUSION: Epiglottic defects, while rare, should be part of the differential for children with aspiration and feeding difficulties. A new pattern of defect is described and iatrogenic etiology proposed

Oxide-Free Actuation of Gallium Liquid Metal Alloys Enabled by Novel Acidified Siloxane Oils

Electrowetting and electrocapillarity of liquid metals have a long history, and a recent explosion of renewed interest. Liquid metals have electromagnetic properties and surface tensions (>500 mN/m) that enable new forms of reconfigurable devices. However, the only nontoxic option, gallium alloys, suffer from immediate formation of a semirigid surface oxide. Although acids or electrochemical reduction can remove this oxide, these approaches surround the gallium alloy in a fluid that is also electrically conducting, diminishing electromagnetic effectiveness and precluding electrowetting actuation. Reported here are acidified siloxanes that remove and prevent oxide formation. Importantly, the siloxane oil associatively incorporates hydrochloric or hydrobromic acids, is electrically insulating, is chemically stable, removes etching byproducts (including water), and allows robust electrowetting. This work opens up new opportunities for liquid metal reconfiguration, and is of fundamental interest due to the unexpected chemical stability of the acidified siloxanes and their application to other materials and surfaces

Primary Epithelioid Sarcoma of Orbit: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare high-grade malignancy identified by Enzinger in 1970. It accounts for 1% of all reported soft tissue sarcomas and presents most commonly in distal upper extremities in young adults with a male predominance. At this time, there are only 5 previously reported cases of primary epithelioid sarcoma of the orbit. We present a primary orbital epithelioid sarcoma case of a patient who underwent orbital exenteration followed by external beam radiation treatment. Because the literature is limited, this is to our knowledge the largest descriptive analysis of cases of orbital epithelioid sarcoma. We also provide a detailed review of all the previously reported primary orbital epithelioid sarcoma cases, as well as a discussion on the use of postoperative radiation therapy for patients with epithelioid sarcoma. Surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiation therapy appears to be a safe option for local treatment of this rare malignancy, but further future studies are needed of this rare clinical situation in order to better understand and optimize treatment for patients with orbital epithelioid sarcoma