ENHANCING NETWORK INTRUSION CLASSIfiCATION THROUGH THE KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV SPLITTING CRITERION

ABSTRACTOur investigation aims at detecting network intrusions using decision tree algorithms. Large differences in prior class probabilities of intrusion data have been reported to hinder the performance of decision trees. We propose to replace the Shannon entropy used in tree induction algorithms with a Kolmogorov Smirnov splitting criterion which locates a Bayes optimal cutpoint of attributes. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance based on the cumulative distributions is not degraded by class imbalance. Numerical test  results on the KDDCup99 dataset showed that our proposals are attractive to network intrusion detection tasks. The single decision tree gives best results for minority classes, cost metric and global accuracy compared with the bagged boosting of trees of the KDDCup’99 winner and classical decision tree algorithms using the Shannon entropy. In contrast to the complex model of KDDCup winner, our decision tree represents inductive rules (IF-THEN) that facilitate human interpretation.ABSTRACTOur investigation aims at detecting network intrusions using decision tree algorithms. Large differences in prior class probabilities of intrusion data have been reported to hinder the performance of decision trees. We propose to replace the Shannon entropy used in tree induction algorithms with a Kolmogorov Smirnov splitting criterion which locates a Bayes optimal cutpoint of attributes. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance based on the cumulative distributions is not degraded by class imbalance. Numerical test  results on the KDDCup99 dataset showed that our proposals are attractive to network intrusion detection tasks. The single decision tree gives best results for minority classes, cost metric and global accuracy compared with the bagged boosting of trees of the KDDCup’99 winner and classical decision tree algorithms using the Shannon entropy. In contrast to the complex model of KDDCup winner, our decision tree represents inductive rules (IF-THEN) that facilitate human interpretation

Potential evapotranspiration estimation and its effect on hydrological model response

Potential evapotranspiration can be directly calculated by the Penman-Monteith equation, known as the one-step method. The approach requires data on the land cover and related-vegetation parameters based on AVHRR and LDAS information, which are available in recent years. The Nong Son basin, a sub-catchment of the Vu Gia-Thu Bon basin in the Central Vietnam, is selected for this study. To this end, NAM model was used; the results obtained show that the NAM model has the potential to reproduce the effects of potential evapotranspiration on hydrological response. This is seemingly manifested in the good agreement between model simulation of discharge and the observed at the stream gauge

Comparison of two hydrological model simulations using NAM and XINANJIANG for Nong Son catchment

The study presents the hydrological simulations for the Nong Son catchment, a drainage area of the Vu Gia-Thu Bon basin in the Central Vietnam, by using the NAM and XINANJIANG models. Simulation results for both models show good agreement between calculated and observed discharges at the stream gauge. The overall water balance error is less than ±10%, Nash-Sut cliffe efficiency $R^2$  above 0.85, and Pearson correlation coefficient $r$ above 0.92 in both model calibration and verification period. Although NAM's performance shows a slightly better correspondence between the discharges at the stream gauge, the XINANJIANG model shows a relatively better reproduction of the runoff components (i.e. overland flow, interflow and baseflow)

Expérimentation de l'entropie décentrée pour le traitement des classes déséquilibrées en induction par arbres

National audienceEn apprentissage supervisé, les données réelles sont souvent fortement déséquilibrées. Dans le cas des arbres de décision, trois types damélioration peuvent être apportés : pour la fonction de segmentation, la règle de décision et la procédure délagage. Notre contribution concerne la fonction de segmentation, pour laquelle nous avons proposé une méthode de décentrage des entropies usuelles. Dans ce papier, nous rendons compte des expériences pratiquées sur 25 bases de référence en utilisant C4.5, qui montrent les excellents résultats de lentropie décentrée face à lentropie de Shannon, y compris après un bagging

Accumulation and variation of rosmarinic acid content in Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. based on phenological stages

Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal herb trusted for many centuries for treating ailments of the kidney, bladder stone, urinary tract infection, liver and bladder problems, diabetes, rheumatism and gout. It is also used to reduce cholesterol and blood pressure. Rosmarinic acid is one of the most important and specific active compound in O. stamineus. The biological effects of rosmarinic acid have been proved. In the research, plant material was harvested at different phenological stages (before budding, full flowering, and after flowering) of the life cycle of the species. The content of rosmarinic acid in samples was measured using HPLC method. Results showed that the accumulation of rosmarinic acid in leaf was higher than that in other organs. The content of rosmarinic acid was increased gradually from before budding stage to flowering stage and reached the maximum content at time of after flowering stage. The content of rosmarinic acid of the 2nd variety was higher than that of the 1st variety at the same time (p 0.05)

A modern purification by accelerated solvent extraction and centrifugal partition chromatography and biological evaluation of capsaicin from Capsicum chinense

A special alkaloid compound known as capsaicin, which can only be found in the fruit of the Capsicum plant, was isolated and tested for its anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of this work is to establish a simple and quick approach for capsaicin purification utilizing centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) as well as an effective method - accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), for extracting capsaicin from Capsicum chinense. After purification, capsaicin was validated by HPLC-DAD at 281 nm to be > 90% purity. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated capsaicin was also investigated, and the IC50 value of the capsaicin was determined to be 57.61 µg/mL. The current work emphasizes how an ASE and CPC system may combine to extract high-purity capsaicin from Capsicum chinense, which have the anti-inflammatory activity, as we evaluated in the experiment

Large Scale Image Classification with Many Classes, Multi-features and Very High-Dimensional Signatures

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Multi-way Classification for Large Scale Visual Object Dataset

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Classification d'images à grande échelle avec des SVMs

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