Slipped capital femoral epiphysis management and the arthroscope

BACKGROUND: In situ pinning of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) results in various degrees of deformity of the femoral head-neck junction. Repetitive trauma from cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) can lead to labral tears and injury to the articular cartilage causing loss of function. Arthroscopic osteoplasty is an alternative to open procedure and to Southwick/Imhäuser-type osteotomies in symptomatic selected cases. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: The amount of bone to be resected has to be carefully planned pre-operatively. Only gentle traction is applied on a well-padded perineal support. A spherical burr is used to gradually resect the prominence. Intra-operative fluoroscopy is very useful when checking adequate reshaping of the head-neck junction is obtained. RESULTS: Arthroscopy often reveals acetabular cartilage lesions, labrum hyperhemia and fraying which rarely require repair. Arthroscopic osteoplasty provides satisfactory pain relief and, to a lesser extent, restores hip internal rotation. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic osteoplasty is more technically and time-demanding in post SCFE than idiopathic FAI. It requires strong arthroscopic skills and experience in hip arthroscopy. It stands as a reasonable alternative to open procedure or flexion osteotomies in symptomatic FAI post mild to moderate SCFE. It provides pain relief and to a lesser extent restores internal rotation of the hip

La résistance à la pourriture des cabosses due à Phytophthora spp., recherche des composantes de la résistance

La pourriture des cabosses du cacaoyer, due à des #Phytophthora#, sévit dans toutes les zones de production. Avec plus de 50 % de pertes de cabosses, l'Afrique centrale est la région la plus affectée par cette maladie. Le contrôle de cette maladie représente donc un enjeu majeur pour l'avenir de la cacaoculture mondiale et la sélection de matériel résistant constitue l'un des thèmes de recherche prioritaire pour de nombreux pays producteurs. Un projet international sur ce sujet, recevant un support financier de Caobisco, a débuté en juillet 1995. Ce projet, d'une durée de 5 ans, a pour objectifs : d'identifier les facteurs intervenants dans la résistance à cette maladie, de mettre au point et de valider des tests précoces de résistance, de détecter d'éventuels QTLs associés à la résistance et d'effectuer une première sélection de matériel résistant.Cet article présente les principaux résultats obtenus après 3 ans de fonctionnement. (Résumé d'auteur

Discovery and mapping of a new expressed sequence tag-single nucleotide polymorphism and simple sequence repeat panel for large-scale genetic studies and breeding of Theobroma cacao L.

Theobroma cacao is an economically important tree of several tropical countries. Its genetic improvement is essential to provide protection against major diseases and improve chocolate quality. We discovered and mapped new expressed sequence tag-single nucleotide polymorphism (EST-SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and constructed a high-density genetic map. By screening 149 650 ESTs, 5246 SNPs were detected in silico, of which 1536 corresponded to genes with a putative function, while 851 had a clear polymorphic pattern across a collection of genetic resources. In addition, 409 new SSR markers were detected on the Criollo genome. Lastly, 681 new EST-SNPs and 163 new SSRs were added to the pre-existing 418 co-dominant markers to construct a large consensus genetic map. This high-density map and the set of new genetic markers identified in this study are a milestone in cocoa genomics and for marker-assisted breeding. The data are available at http://tropgenedb.cirad.fr