Turkey's security: New threats, indigenous solutions, and overseas stretch

Turkey’s Security: New Threats, Indigenous Solutions, and Overseas Stretch, handles Türkiye’s security issues comprehensively from several decades ago to today. The book explains how and when various terrorist groups, including the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), People’s Defense Units (YPG), Democratic Union Party (PYD), The Fetullahist Terrorist Organization (FETÖ), and Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) originated and how they have threatened Türkiye’s security from past to present. It also describes how Türkiye has attempted to cope with these terrorist threats and how it handles them today. The book also underlines how and why Türkiye changed its security policies over time and how it has securitized Syrian migrants. Foreign terrorist fighters and the PKK’s effects on Türkiye’s Middle East policies are also addressed in the book

1990 ve 2017 yılları arasında Türkiye'nin Birleşmiş Milletler Barış Gücü operasyonlarına katılımının incelenmesi

It is argued in recent literature that Turkey’s contribution to peacekeeping operations, especially UN peacekeeping operations has risen between 2003 and 2017, compared to 1990 and 2002. Thanks to collected data, this thesis aims to find whether Turkey’s contribution to peacekeeping operations, especially UN peacekeeping operations really increased, and if there is such an increase, what the reasons for it could be. In the light of collected data, this thesis advocates there is an increase in Turkey’s participation in UN peacekeeping operations between 2003 and 2017, compared to 1990 and 2002. In the literature, some authors explain this rise with domestic factors, while some others claim international factor. Domestic reasons are demonstrated as follows: More proactive foreign policy which stresses soft power, the rise of neo-Ottomanism, neo-Islamism and Turkism; International factor is that middle powers’ willingness to participate in peacekeeping operations after the end of the Cold War. I compared all these arguments with the data I collected, and analyzed which arguments can be supported. Then, the study showed that more proactive foreign policy which emphasizes soft power could be impacted on Turkey’s increased role in UN peacekeeping operations. Additionally, the rise of Neo-Ottomanism and Neo Islamism could not explain the reasons behind the rise in Turkey’s participation to UN peacekeeping missions. Also, due to lack of findings on whether Turkism affected or did not affect on Turkey’s increased attendance to UN peacekeeping operations, the thesis did not comment anything on this issue. Lastly, it is claimed since Turkey is also a middle power, the rise in Turkey’s attendance to UN missions could be associated with the middle powers’ volunterisim to contribute to UN missions, but since Turkey did not take active role in missions like other middle powers, this was not given as an actual reason for this issue.Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iv Öz ................................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... viii Table Of Contents ...................................................................................................... ixx List Of Figures .............................................................................................................. xii List Of Tables .............................................................................................................. xiii CHAPTERS 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Research Question And Significance Of The Problem ...................................... 1 1.2. Method And Data .............................................................................................. 4 2. Literature Review ..................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 8 2.2. Domestic Factors for Turkey’s Increased Contribution to UN Peacekeeping Operations ........................................................................................................ 9 2.3. Turkish Foreign Policy Between 1990 and 2002 ............................................. 10 2.4. Turkish Foreign Policy Activism in 2003 and 2017 .......................................... 15 2.5. UN Peacekeeping Operations and Turkey’s Proactive Foreign Policy ............ 16 2.6. Three Policies (Neo-Islamism, Neo-Ottomanism And Turkism) in Recent Turkish Foreign Policy And Peacekeeping Operations ................................... 19 2.7. Neo-Ottomanism............................................................................................. 20 2.8. Neo-Ottomanism and Peacekeeping Operations ........................................... 21 2.9. Neo-Islamism ................................................................................................... 22 2.10. Neo-Islamism and Peacekeeping Operations ............................................... 23 2.11. Turkism .......................................................................................................... 23 2.12. Turkism and Peacekeeping Operations ........................................................ 24 2.13. Soft Power Through Peacekeeping Operations ............................................ 24 2.14. Turkey’s Soft Power and UN Peacekeeping Operations ............................... 27 2.15. Perceived International Responsibilities ....................................................... 28 2.16. International Factors for Turkey’s Increased Contribution to UN Peacekeeping Operations .............................................................................. 31 2.17. Changes in the International System ............................................................ 31 2.18. Middle Powers’ Volunteerism and Peacekeeping Operations ..................... 32 3. Measuring the Change in Turkey’s Participation ................................................... 37 3.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 37 3.2. Analyzing the Data .......................................................................................... 37 3.3. Peacekeeping Operations in Africa ................................................................. 51 3.4. Peacekeeping Operations in Asia .................................................................... 55 3.5. Peacekeeping Operations in Europe ............................................................... 58 3.6. Peacekeeping Operations in South America ................................................... 60 4. Understanding the Reasons Behind Turkey’s Participation to UN Missions ......... 64 4.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 64 4.2. Proactive Foreign Policy and Soft Power Of Turkey? ...................................... 64 4.3. Which Operations and Which Strategy? ......................................................... 70 4.3.1. Neo-Islamism? ...................................................................................... 70 4.3.1.1. Peacekeeping Operations in Muslim Countries in Africa ........ 71 4.3.1.2. Peacekeeping Operations in Muslim Countries in Asia ........... 74 4.3.1.3. Peacekeeping Operations in Muslim Countries in Europe ...... 78 4.3.1.4. South America .......................................................................... 81 4.3.2. Neo-Ottomanism? ................................................................................ 82 4.3.2.1. Africa ........................................................................................ 83 4.3.2.2. Asia ........................................................................................... 87 4.3.2.3. Europe ...................................................................................... 90 4.3.2.4. South America .......................................................................... 92 4.3.3. Turkism? ............................................................................................... 93 4.4. Trend Among Middle Powers? ........................................................................ 94 5. Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 100 5.1. Recommendations for Future Studies .......................................................... 103 References ................................................................................................................ 105 Appendices ............................................................................................................... 112 Appendix 1 ........................................................................................................... 112 Appendix 2 ........................................................................................................... 137 Appendix 3 ........................................................................................................... 148 Appendix 4 ........................................................................................................... 152 Appendix 5 ........................................................................................................... 154 Appendix 6 ........................................................................................................... 156 Appendix 7 ........................................................................................................... 157 Appendix 8 ........................................................................................................... 159 Appendix 9 ........................................................................................................... 160 Appendix 10 ......................................................................................................... 161 Appendix 11 ......................................................................................................... 162 Appendix 12 ......................................................................................................... 163 Appendix 13 ......................................................................................................... 164 Appendix 14 ......................................................................................................... 165 Appendix 15 ......................................................................................................... 169 Appendix 16 ......................................................................................................... 171 Appendix 17 ......................................................................................................... 173 Appendix 18 ......................................................................................................... 174 Appendix 19 ......................................................................................................... 176 Appendix 20 ......................................................................................................... 177 Appendix 21 ......................................................................................................... 178 Appendix 22 ......................................................................................................... 179 Appendix 23 ......................................................................................................... 180 Appendix 24 ......................................................................................................... 181 Appendix 25 ......................................................................................................... 185 Appendix 26 ......................................................................................................... 187 Appendix 27 ......................................................................................................... 189 Appendix 28 ......................................................................................................... 190 Appendix 29 ......................................................................................................... 192 Appendix 30 ......................................................................................................... 193 Appendix 31 ......................................................................................................... 19

Defective Pneumococcal Antibody Response In Patients With Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common pathogen responsible for pulmonary infections and the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with particularly B cell immunodeficiencies. Antibody production is the principal protective immune response against S. pneumoniae and measurement of the production of antipolysaccharide antibodies is important in the evaluation of B cell deficiencies. We quantified serotype-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies against seven common pneumococcal serotypes before and three weeks after unconjugated vaccine in 416 patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections; fifty-five (13%) of whom showed impaired antibody response. We could evaluate 41 of these 55 patients for their particular clinical features. Specific antibody deficiency, was diagnosed in 10 of these patients, common variable immunodeficiency in 18, ataxia telangiectasia in 10 and other antibody deficiencies in 7 (transient hypogammaglobulinemia in 4, IgG subclass deficiency in 1, partial and selective IgA deficiency in 1) patients. Evaluation of the antibody response to polysaccharide antigens should be considered early on in patients with recurrent respiratory infections and required particularly for the diagnosis of specific antibody deficiency and the decision of the appropriate treatment approaches.WoSScopu

Torasik kaviteye gömülü bıçak: ilginç bir olgu

Bu olgu sunumunda delici kesici alet yaralanması nedeniyle acil servise başvuran hastaya uygulanan farklı entübasyon ve tedavi yönetimi anlatılmaktadır. Yetmiş beş yaşında bir erkek hasta sırtına saplı bir bıçakla acil servise getirildi. Hastaya anteroposterior akciğer grafisi çekildikten sonra sağ lateral dekübit pozisyonunda tek lümenli tüple endotrakeal entübasyon yapıldıktan sonra torakotomi yapılarak toraksa invaze olan bıçak çıkartıldı. Bu tip yabancı cisimlerin sternotomi veya torakotomi yardımı ile kontrollü olarak çıkartılmasını önermekteyizIn this case report we present an alternative intubation method and treatment of a patient who had admitted to the emergency department with a stab wound in his thorax. A 75-year-old man was brought to the emergency department with a knife in the posterior side of the thorax. After the anteroposterior lung x-ray was obtained, endotracheal intubation was done with a single-lumen tube in the right lateral decubitus position and the knife which was penetrated to the thorax was pulled out via a thoracotomy. We suggest that such foreign bodies should be withdrawn out with a controlled manner via sternotomy or thoracotom

Association between vascular calcification, atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers in end-stage renal disease patient and simple method for detecting vascular calcification (direct radiography)

Purpose: In our study, we planned to investigate the relationship of malnutrition with inflammation, atherosclerosis and calcification in dialysis patients. Materials and methods: 140 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and 44 healthy controls were included in the study. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) was measured by doppler ultrasonography. Valvular calcification was assessed by echocardiography and vascular calcification scores (VCS) were done based on the radiograms. Biochemical parameters were assessed using routine laboratory methods. Subjective global assessment (SGA) was used to evaluate malnutrition. Results: In the study, VCS showed no differences between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients (1.84±2.35 for HD, 1.77±1.64 for PD; p=0.83). CIMT, Osteopontin (OPN), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and homocysteine were significantly different in both dialysis groups compared to healthy controls. The Mean carotid intima-media thickness (m-CIMT) was higher in HD patients compared to PD group. CIMT, vascular calcification and SGA scores showed positive correlation with age, dialysis duration and valvular calcification grades, and negative correlation with albumin levels. A positive correlation between SGA scores and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels was also noted. On multiple regression analysis, m-CIMT was independently associated with age, VCS and albumin levels. VCS was found to be independently associated with only albumin levels. Conclusion: Vascular and valvular calcification, an indicator of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in dialysis patients, was found to be significantly associated with malnutrition. We found higher rates of valvular calcification in patients with vascular calcification. Malnutrition was more prominent in these patients

Relationship between primary restless legs syndrome and migraine with aura

In this study, the prevalence and characteristics of definite migraine in primary restless legs syndrome (pRLS) patients and matched control patients (CPs) were investigated. We evaluated 63 consecutive adult pRLS patients and 141 age-and sex-matched controls in this caseecontrol study. The diagnosis of migraine and its subtypes were defined based on The International Classification of Headache Disorders-II. Only those with "definite" migraine were included in the study. The mean age of 63 adult pRLS patients (15 men and 48 women) who participated in the study was 49.4 years. A total of 27 patients (42.9%) had definite migraine. Of these migraineurs, seven (11.1%) were without aura and 20 (31.8%) were with aura. The mean age of the 141 matched CPs was 48.7 years. A total of 32 CPs (22.7%) experienced migraine. Among these 32 migraineurs, 28 (19.9%) were without aura and four (2.8%) were with aura. Migraine and migraine with aura were significantly more common in pRLS patients than in CPs. pRLS patients with migraine were more anxious and experienced a shorter duration of RLS symptoms than pRLS patients without migraine. Migraineurs in the pRLS group tended to have high scores for severity of migraine headache by Visual Analog Scale score and high levels of disability by Migraine Disability Assessment grading than those in the control group. pRLS patients showed a positive association with definite migraine headaches. In contrast to results highlighted in recent studies, we found a strong link between migraine with aura and pRLS. Copyright (C) 2016, Kaohsiung Medical University. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC