Effect of variety and processing method on functional properties of traditional sweet potato flour (“elubo”) and sensory acceptability of cooked paste (“amala”)

“Amala” is a generic term in Nigeria, used to describe a thick paste prepared by stirring flour (“elubo”) from yam, cassava or unripe plantain, in hot water, to form a smooth consistency. In order to overcome its high perishability and increase the utilization of sweet potato roots, three varieties of sweet potato roots were processed into flour using two methods. The interactive effect of variety and the processing method had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on all the functional properties of the flour except yellowness, setback viscosity, and peak time. Acceptable sweet potato “amala” with average sensory acceptability score of 7.5 were obtained from yellow-fleshed varieties irrespective of the processing method. Flour that produced acceptable “amala” were characterized by lower values of protein (2.20–3.94%), fiber (1.30–1.65%), total sugar (12.41–38.83 lg/mg), water absorption capacity (168–215 g/100 g), water solubility (8.29–14.65%), swelling power (0.52–0.82 g/g), and higher peak time (6.9–8.7 min)

EFFECT OF REPLACING COCOA HUSK FOR WHEAT BRAN ON INTERNAL ORGANS, CARCASS YIELD, SERUM METABOLITE AND ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION OF GROWING COCKERELS

Carcass yield, serum metabolites and economy of production of cockerels were studied for 12 weeks to determine the effect of replacing wheat bran with cocoa husk at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels. Results of eviscerated yield were statistically different (

Microbial characterization of feed and faecal samples of weaned pigs fed graded levels of biodegraded cassava peels and weaned pigs performance

In-vitro degradation of cassava peel was carried out for 20 days with Trichoderma viride. The highest protein level attainable at the end of the 20th day was 15.95% and the least was 4.76%. Proximate and detergent fibre composition of in-vitro degraded cassava peel samples were determined. Experimental diets were formulated with graded levels of degraded cassava peels for weaned pigs. Diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained biodegraded cassava peels at the expense of cassava flour at levels 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%, respectively. Diet 3 was found to be the best utilized with feed conversion ratio (2.74+0.10), while diet 2 with the poorest conversion (3.20+0.07) was the least utilized. The best and least weight gain were recorded in the pigs fed diets 3 and 5, respectively. Biodegradation increased the crude protein content of the cassava peels, which was 15.95% at 20 days compared to 4.76 and 10.13% at 0 and 5th day, respectively. Phytic and tannic acid contents were also reduced by in-vitro degradation. Colonial counts of micro-organisms from faecal samples of pigs ranged between 108 – 1010 cfu/ml. Presence of Mucor spp and Pseudomonas spp. was noted in the experimental diets, while isolates of Lactobacilli spp., E. Coli, Pseudomonas spp. and yeast were the major micro-organisms in the faecal samples. It is therefore, concluded that biodegraded cassava peels should not be used in pig's production, as parameters studied were not significant (P>0.05) and cost of feed per kg live weight gain was best in control. Keywords: Microbial characterization; feed; faecal samples; weaned pigs; cassava peels; pigs performanceMoor Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 6 (1&2) 2005 pp. 36-4

Growth performance, serum thiocyanate and haematological indices of pigs fed whole cassava chips supplemented with brewer's yeast

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, serum thiocyanate and haematological indices of pigs fed Whole Cassava Chips (WCC) supplemented with brewer's yeast as substitute to maize in a twelve weeks feeding trial. Forty-eight crossbred growing pigs of Landrace and Hampshire breeds averaging 21.14kg liveweight and approximately 12 wk old were allotted to three dietary treatments with four replicates each of four pigs per replicate. The dietary treatments are Diet 1 which is a maize based Positive control(MB), Diet 2 was a Whole Cassava chips based diet without supplementation Negative control(WCC) while Diet 3 contained whole cassava chips with brewer' s yeast respectively(WCC x BY).Results revealed a significant Average Feed Intake (AFI) ranged from (2.17 to 2.48kg/day). The Pigs fed WCC meal without brewer' s yeast (diet 2) had the highest AFI while pigs fed Diet 1 had the least intake. Daily weight gain increased with brewer' s yeast supplementation (0.400 to 0.463kg). The feed to gain ratio was significantly (p&lt;0.05) affected by the dietary treatments with values ranging from 4.92to 5.90 and best value obtained with pigs fed WCC meal with brewer' s yeast (WCC x BY). The haematological indices such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin Concentration (Hb), White Blood Cell (WBC), and Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts obtained for the pigs fed MB and those on diet WCC x BY were significantly (p&lt;0.05) better than those on WCC diet. Serum thiocyanate concentration of pigs fed diet 3 (WCC with brewer' s yeast) increased significantly (0.00 to 1.79mg/100ml). Results showed that supplementing whole cassava chips with 10% brewer' s yeast had a beneficial effect as an additive in diets of growing pigs.Keywords: Blood, Cyanogens, Growth, Nutritional effect

Seral, Haemotological and Economics of Production of Weaner Pigs Fed Graded Levels of Biodegraded Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) Peels

20 weaners pigs weighing 9.2&plusmn;0.43 were assigned in a completely randomized design to 5 treatments, using graded levels of biodegraded cassava peels to replace cassava flour. Each treatment had 4 replicates of one weaner pig per replicate. Seral and haematological parameters were determined at the end of the 4th and 8th weeks of feeding. At the end of the 8th week, several biochemical parameters carried out revealed no significant differences among treatments in the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT), urea, albumin, and glucose, while haematological indices estimated were found to be significantly varied with the exception of mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and white blood cells (WBC), Economic analysis of the inclusion of biodegraded cassava peels in the diets of weaner pigs was determined. Key words: Serum haematology, production cost, weaner pigs, biodegraded cassava peel

Growth response and serum biochemical parameters of starter broiler chickens fed toasted African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) seeds meal with enzyme supplementation

This study was conducted using one hundred and fifty one day old Marshal (R) strain of broilers to determine growth response and serum biochemistry parameters of toasted African yam bean seed meal (AYBSM) with enzyme supplementation. Five diets were formulated such that African yam bean seed meal replaced soybean meal at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20  % for diets 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. Diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were enzyme supplemented at the rate of 100 g/1000 Kg of the feed . The birds were randomly assigned to the five dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. Each treatment had thirty chickens which were replicated three times with ten chickens per replicate. The parameters measured were body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, weight gain, mortality, total protein, albumin, globulin creatinine, cholesterol, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphate and alanine aminotransferase. The experiment lasted for five weeks. Result revealed that test diets group performed better than control (0%) i.e., test diet ranged between 929.77 (g)-1216.51 (g) while control had 800.00 g. 20 % AYBSM had least (2.03) feed conversion ratio (FCR) while control (0 % AYBSM) gave highest (2.97 g) FCR. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in serum biochemistry analyzed except albumin and total protein that were significantly (pEste estudio se llevó a cabo empleando 150 pollos broiler de un día de la cepa Marshal (R) para determinar la respuesta de crecimiento y los parámetros bioquímicos del suero, empleando harina de semillas tostadas de ñame africano (AYBSM) en sustitución de harina de semilla de soja al 0, 5, 10, 15 y 20 % (dietas 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5). Las dietas 2, 3, 4, y 5 fueron suplementadas con enzimas en la proporción de 100 g/1000 Kg de pienso. Las aves fueron aleatoriamente asignadas a los cinco grupos dietéticos en un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado. Cada tratamiento incluyó 30 aves con tres replicaciones de diez aves cada una. Las variables medidas fueron: peso corporal, ingestión de alimento, conversión alimenticia, ganancia de peso, mortalidad, proteína total, albúmina, globulina, creatinina, colesterol, aspartato amino transferasa, fosfatasa alcalina y aminotransferasa. El experimento tuvo una duración de cinco semanas. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los grupos sometidos a las dietas experimentales rindieron mejor que el control (0  %). Así, las dietas probadas oscilaron entre 929,77 (g)-1216,51(g) mientras el control alcanzó 800 g. Un 20 por cien de AYBSM tuvo una conversión alimenticia (FCR) menor (2,03) que el control (0  % AYBSM) que fue de 2,97. No hubo diferencias significativas en la bioquímica del suero analizada, salvo para albúmina y proteína total que fueron afectadas significativamente (

International Workshop on Cassava Safety, Ibadan, Nigeria, Mar. 1-4, 1994

Published by WOCAS in cooperation with ISHS (International Society for Horticultural Science) and ISTRC (International Society for Tropical Root Crops