Real-World Analysis of the Aging Effects on Visual Field Reliability Indices in Humans

Relationships between age and visual field (VF) reliability indices were investigated using a large real-world dataset (42,421 VF data points from 11,525 eyes of 5930 subjects). All VFs tested and stored at Shimane University Hospital between 1988 and 2019 were exported. Correlations between age, mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and reliability indices including fixation losses (FLs), false negatives (FNs), and false positives (FPs) were analyzed. The mean ± standard deviation age was 65.0 ± 15.1 years; MD—−6.9 ± 8.1 decibels (dB); PSD—6.3 ± 4.6 dB; FL—8.6 ± 11.7%; FN—5.3 ± 8.3%; and FP—2.6 ± 5.0%. Univariate analyses showed strong associations between age and FNs (correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.20, p < 0.0001) and MD (ρ = −0.21, p < 0.0001). All FLs, FNs, and FPs were lowest during the third decade (20–29 years) of life. FLs were elevated consistently after that decade, and FNs were elevated sharply after the seventh decade. FPs were relatively stable after the fourth decade (30–39 years). Mixed-effect regression analyses in subjects 40 years and older showed that older age was associated with worse FLs (p < 0.0001) and FNs (p < 0.0001) but not FPs (p = 0.4126). Aging affects FLs and FNs with different modes but had minimal effects on FPs. Decreased VF sensitivity, deteriorated macular function, and technical difficulties with testing may be mechanisms of age-related changes in FLs and FNs

Real-World Analysis of the Aging Effects on Visual Field Reliability Indices in Central 10-2 Tests

We investigated the influence of aging on the reliability indices of visual field (VF) testing using a large dataset of central 10-2 program tests, including 6674 VF tests, which consisted of 1782 eyes of 1094 Japanese subjects (the mean age ± standard deviation was 66.6 ± 14.1 years). All of the combinations for each parameter, except for the pairs between age and fixation losses (FLs) or false positives (FPs) and between pattern standard deviation (PSD) and FPs, had significant correlations (p p p = 0.9014) and FPs (p = 0.9267). Compared to central 30-2 VF testing, central 10-2 VF tests were associated with smaller FLs (p p < 0.0001). In central 10-2 testing, age-related deterioration was seen in FNs but not in FLs and FPs. Choosing the 10-2 program over the 30-2 program can be effective in reducing the FL, especially in older cases with severe VF loss. This study highlighted the relationships between age and each reliability index in central 10-2 VF testing

Zorgt sociale status voor een toename in pro-sociaal gedrag?: Onderzoek naar het effect van sociale status op het vertonen van pro-sociaal gedrag bij adolescenten

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), the most common identifiable cause of open-angle glaucoma, might affect the retinal hemodynamics. To test this, we compared retinal vessel diameter and glaucoma-related parameters between eyes with pseudoexfoliation material (PE+) and fellow unaffected (PE-) eyes of patients with clinically unilateral PEX.The medical records of 30 consecutive Japanese subjects were reviewed retrospectively. The retinal vessel diameters were measured and expressed as the central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) using standardized software. During the chart review, we recorded glaucoma-related parameters including intraocular pressure (IOP), visual field mean deviation (MD) value, planimetrically measured vertical cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio, circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT) and macular inner retinal thickness (mIRT) measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, anterior chamber flare (ACF), corneal endothelial cell density (CECD), and number of antiglaucoma medications.Compared with PE- eyes, the CRAE, CRVE, MD, cpRNFLT and mIRT, and CECD were significantly lower in PE+ eyes; the IOP, vertical C/D ratio, number of antiglaucoma medications, and ACF were significantly higher in PE+ eyes (P<0.0001 for all comparisons). The CRAE, cpRNFLT, and MD were correlated positively with each other (ρ = 0.456-0.499, P<0.0001-0.0002) and negatively with the IOP (ρ = -0.562- -0.432, P<0.0001-0.0006). The vertical C/D ratio was correlated positively with the IOP (ρ = 0.483, P<0.0001) and negatively with the CRAE, cpRNFLT, and MD (ρ = -0.745--0.479, P<0.0001-0.0001).Deposition of PE can cause retinal vessel narrowing in arterioles and venules. The roles and mechanisms of retinal vessel narrowing in glaucoma pathogenesis need clarification

Comparison of parameters between PE+ and PE- eyes.

<p>Comparison of parameters between PE+ and PE- eyes.</p

Fundus photographs of a unilateral PEX case.

<p>In this representative case of unilateral PEX, the fundus photographs show that the retinal artery diameter is narrower in the PE+ right eye (<b>A, C</b>) than in the PE- left eye (<b>B, D</b>). In this case, CRAE and CRVE are 121.3 and 165.5 microns, respectively, in the PE+ eye, and 127.9 and 181.4 microns, respectively, in the PE- eye. (<b>C, D</b>) Higher magnification of the optic disc in <b>A</b> and <b>B</b>, respectively. Magnifications, in <b>A</b> and <b>B</b> ×1; in <b>C</b> and <b>D</b> ×2.5.</p

Measurement of the CRAE and CRVE using the IVAN software.

<p>All retinal arteries (red) and veins (blue) that pass completely through the circumferential zone 0.5 to 1 disc diameter from the optic disc margin are evaluated. The CRAE and CRVE are calculated using the revised Parr-Hubbard formulas. DD, disc diameter.</p

Correlation between various parameters.

<p>Correlation between various parameters.</p

Comparison of CRAE between PE (+) and PE (-) eyes in visual field damage in two subgroups based on the magnitude of the difference between both eyes in visual field damage.

<p>Comparison of CRAE between PE (+) and PE (-) eyes in visual field damage in two subgroups based on the magnitude of the difference between both eyes in visual field damage.</p