434 research outputs found
NANTEN 12CO (J=1-0) observations around the star WR 55
Context: A complete study of the molecular and ionized gas in the environs of
the nebula RCW 78 around WR 55 is presented. Aims: The aim of this work is to
investigate the spatial distribution, physical characteristics, and kinematical
properties of the molecular gas linked to the galactic nebula RCW 78 to achieve
a better understanding of its interaction with the star and with the ionized
gas. Methods: This study was based on 12CO(1-0) fully sampled observations of a
region of ~0.45{\deg} in size around the star WR 55 and the nebula RCW 78
obtained with the 4-m NANTEN telescope, radio continuum archival data at 1.4
and 4.85 GHz, obtained from SGPS and PMNRAO Southern Radio Survey,
respectively, and available infrared MIPSGAL images at 24 microns. Results: A
molecular gas component in the velocity range from ~ -58 to -45 km s-1,
compatible with the velocity of the ionized gas, was found to be associated
with the optical nebula. Adopting a distance of ~ 5 kpc, the mass of this
molecular component is about 3.4 x 10^4 Msun. The analysis of the molecular
data revealed the presence of a velocity gradient, in agreement with the Halpha
line. New radiocontinuum flux density determinations confirm the thermal nature
of RCW 78. This indicates that the ionized gas in RCW 78 arises from
photoionization of the molecular gas component in the velocity range from -58
km s-1 to -45 km s-1. A molecular concentration at a velocity of -56.1 km s-1
(identified as C1) is very likely associated with the star HD 117797 and with a
collection of candidate YSOs, lying at a distance of 3.9 kpc, while the rest of
the molecular gas at velocities between -56 and -46 km s-1 constitute an
incomplete ring-like structure which expands around WR 55 at a velocity of
about ~ 5 km s-1. Mechanical energy and time requirements indicate that WR 55
is very capable of sustaining the expansion of the nebula.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures.Accepted for publication in A&
Self-assessed neurological disturbances after surgical removal of impacted lower third molar: a pragmatic prospective study on 423 surgical extractions in 247 consecutive patients
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to assess the combined role of current radiographic risk indicators and patient age in predicting lower lip sensitivity disturbances after surgical removal of impacted lower third molars. The question was which combinations indicate low or high risk.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A prospective study was implemented involving 247 consecutive outpatients who underwent 423 surgical extractions. The predictor variables were patient age and risk indicators observed on panoramic radiographs. The outcome variable was the incidence of self-assessed lip sensitivity alterations. The extractions were subdivided into four groups according to the predictors.
RESULTS:
Two hundred forty-five teeth were extracted in patients younger than 25 years and 178 in patients 25 years old or older; radiographic risk indicators were associated with 226 out of 423 teeth (53.43%). No permanent neurological damage was observed. Transient lip sensitivity alterations were observed in five cases (1.18%; 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.4 to 2.7%), all in the older group with radiographic risk indicators.
CONCLUSIONS:
The data indicate a low overall incidence of transient lip sensitivity impairment that occurred only in the presence of radiographic risk indicators in patients aged 65\u200925 years.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE:
Informed consent should include the possibility of inferior alveolar nerve injury in mature patients with radiographic risk indicators. Prophylactic removal of impacted teeth with radiographic signs of risk may be indicated when the patient is not yet aged 25 years
TRF2-Mediated Stabilization of hREST4 Is Critical for the Differentiation and Maintenance of Neural Progenitors
The embedded clusters DBS 77, 78, 102, and 160-161 and their link with the interstellar medium
Aims. We report a study of the global properties of some embedded clusters
placed in the fourth quadrant of the Milky Way to clarify some issues related
with their location into the Galaxy and their stellar formation processes.
Methods. We performed BVI photometric observations in the region of DBS 77, 78,
102, 160, and 161 clusters and infrared spectroscopy in DBS 77 region. They
were complemented with JHK data from VVV survey combined with 2MASS catalogue,
and used mid-infrared information from GLIMPSE catalogue. We also searched for
HI data from SGPS and PMN radio surveys, and previous spectroscopic stellar
classification. The spectroscopic and photometric information allowed us to
estimate the spectral classification of the brightest stars of each studied
region. On the other hand, we used the radio data to investigate the
interstellar material parameters and the continuum sources probably associated
with the respective stellar components. Results. We estimated the basic
physical parameters of the clusters (reddening, distance, age, and initial mass
function). We searched for HII regions located near to the studied clusters and
we analyzed the possible link between them. In the particular case of DBS
160-161 clusters, we identified the HI bubble B332.5-0.1-42 located around
them. We found that the mechanical energy injected to the interstellar medium
by the more massive stars of this couple of clusters was enough to generate the
bubble.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in A&
A radio continuum survey of the southern sky at 1420 MHz. Observations and data reduction
We describe the equipment, observational method and reduction procedure of an
absolutely calibrated radio continuum survey of the South Celestial Hemisphere
at a frequency of 1420 MHz. These observations cover the area 0h < R.A. < 24h
for declinations less than -10 degree. The sensitivity is about 50 mK T_B (full
beam brightness) and the angular resolution (HPBW) is 35.4', which matches the
existing northern sky survey at the same frequency.Comment: 9 pages with 9 figures, A&A, in pres
A multifrequency angular power spectrum analysis of the Leiden polarization surveys
The Galactic synchrotron emission is expected to be the most relevant source
of astrophysical contamination in cosmic microwave background polarization
measurements, at least at frequencies 30'. We
present a multifrequency analysis of the Leiden surveys, linear polarization
surveys covering essentially the Northern Celestial Hemisphere at five
frequencies between 408 MHz and 1411 MHz. By implementing specific
interpolation methods to deal with these irregularly sampled data, we produced
maps of the polarized diffuse Galactic radio emission with pixel size of 0.92
deg. We derived the angular power spectrum (APS) (PI, E, and B modes) of the
synchrotron dominated radio emission as function of the multipole, l. We
considered the whole covered region and some patches at different Galactic
latitudes. By fitting the APS in terms of power laws (C_l = k l^a), we found
spectral indices that steepen with increasing frequency: from a = -(1-1.5) at
408 MHz to a = -(2-3) at 1411 MHz for 10 < l < 100 and from a = -0.7 to a =
-1.5 for lower multipoles (the exact values depending on the considered sky
region and polarization mode). The bulk of this steepening can be interpreted
in terms of Faraday depolarization effects. We then considered the APS at
various fixed multipoles and its frequency dependence. Using the APSs of the
Leiden surveys at 820 MHz and 1411 MHz, we determined possible ranges for the
rotation measure, RM, in the simple case of an interstellar medium slab model.
Taking also into account the polarization degree at 1.4 GHz, we could break the
degeneracy between the identified RM intervals. The most reasonable of them
turned out to be RM = 9-17 rad/m^2.Comment: 18 pages, 14 figures. Astronomy and Astrophysics, in pres
Unknown Primary Melanoma: Worldwide Survey on Clinical Management
Background: How to deal with melanoma of unknown primary (MUP) origin is a debated topic in the literature. Objective: We performed a worldwide survey to inquire what clinical and investigational workup is performed as well as the physicians' perception of this disease. Methods: A questionnaire was sent via mail to clinicians involved in melanoma care from December 2015 to April 2016 using the International Dermoscopy Society website. Results: 119 physicians from 47 different countries answered the questionnaire. The most reported examination was skin examination followed by CT and/or PET scans. All the participants declared asking about previous excisions of skin lesions with 81% of them asking for a histopathological slide review of previous biopsies. Half of the participants checked for a possible vitiligo phenomenon that may explain regression of the primary lesion. BRAF, cKIT, and GNAQ mutations were screened by 32% of participants. The majority of participants (76%) applied the same treatment protocols for MUP as patients with known primary melanomas of the same AJCC stage. Conclusion: Strong heterogeneity was found between physicians dealing with MUP. Thus, a consensus document should be strongly encouraged
Enhancement of electroporation facilitated immunogene therapy via T-reg depletion
Regulatory T cells (T-regs) can negatively impact tumor antigen-specific immune responses after infiltration into tumor tissue. However, depletion of T-regs can facilitate enhanced anti-tumor responses, thus augmenting the potential for immunotherapies. Here we focus on treating a highly aggressive form of cancer using a murine melanoma model with a poor prognosis. We utilize a combination of T-reg depletion and immunotherapy plasmid DNA delivered into the B16F10 melanoma tumor model via electroporation. Plasmids encoding murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and human B71 were transfected with electroporation into the tumor and transient elimination of T-regs was achieved with CD25-depleting antibodies (PC61). The combinational treatment effectively depleted T-regs compared to the untreated tumor and significantly reduced lung metastases. The combination treatment was not effective in increasing the survival, but only effective in suppression of metastases. These results indicate the potential for combining T-reg depletion with immunotherapy-based gene electrotransfer to decrease systemic metastasis and potentially enhance survival
The Great Debate at "Melanoma Bridge", Naples, December 7th, 2019.
The Great Debate session at the 2019 Melanoma Bridge congress (December 5-7, Naples, Italy) featured counterpoint views from experts on five topical issues in melanoma. These were whether to choose local intratumoral treatment or systemic treatment, whether patients with stage IIIA melanoma require adjuvant therapy or not, whether treatment is better changed at disease progression or during stable disease, whether adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapy is more appropriate used before or in combination with checkpoint inhibition therapy, and whether treatment can be stopped while the patient is still on response. As was the case for previous meetings, the debates were assigned by meeting Chairs. As such, positions taken by each of the melanoma experts during the debates may not have reflected their respective personal approach
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