北極海最適航路探索システムのADSへの実装

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断セッション：[IA] 急変する北極気候システム及びその全球的な影響の総合的解明―GRENE北極気候変動研究事業研究成果報告2015―11月19日（木）　国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウ

北極域データアーカイブ

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断セッション：[IA] 急変する北極気候システム及びその全球的な影響の総合的解明―GRENE北極気候変動研究事業研究成果報告2015―11月19日（木）　国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウ

Transurethral resection for botryoid bladder rhabdomyosarcoma

The outcome of multimodal therapy for localized bladder rhabdomyosarcoma is quite good in terms of morbidity, and conservative surgery is generally recommended. However, in cases originating in the bladder neck, tumorectomy or partial cystectomy has adverse effects on bladder function. A 2-year-old girl underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TUR-BT), chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide, and radiotherapy. She was in remission for 3 years when frequent urination became evident. Her bladder capacity and compliance were low; however, her urinary symptom was controlled using anticholinergic medication. Accordingly, TUR-BT could be an optional approach for bladder rhabdomyosarcoma

Lagrangian ensemble model of Copepoda (Neocalanus cristatus) in the northwestern subarctic Pacific

A Lagrangian ensemble model describing the population dynamics of Neocalanus cristatus was developed. To describe the ecology of N. cristatus, life stage must be included in the model. For this purpose, a new zooplankton compartment, divided into nine life stages, was added to the North Pacific Ecosystem Model for Understanding Regional Oceanography (NEMURO). In addition, we introduced Lagrangian particles for the copepod population. Each Lagrangian particle represented a population of the same cohort of copepods with information on representative age, developmental stage, growth rate, structural weight, and food satiation. The new model revealed that surviving cohorts are only matched with the phytoplankton bloom after the nauplii stages. The model showed that the existing phytoplankton concentration when copepodites of N. cristatus appear in the surface water determines the development pattern of copepodite stages. The timing of the seasonal phytoplankton bloom depends on climate change, and a sensitivity analysis showed that the multiple spawning strategy through time has an important role in matching the unstable seasonal bloom cycle on a daily basis. The model including the cohorts can collaborate closely with weekly or monthly observations to reveal the rapid response of the marine ecosystem

A LAGRANGIAN ENSEMBLE MODEL OF COPEPODA (NEOCALANUS CRISTATUS) IN THE NORTHWESTERN SUBARCTIC PACIFIC

participantA Lagrangian ensemble model which can describe the population dynamics of Neocalanus cristatus was developed to simulate the Northwestern pacific lower trophic ecosystem. This model includes development stages, vertical migration, and NEMURO for other compartments. Each particle of the Lagrangian model represents copepods of the same cohort age, which means one particle represents a set of copepods of the same birthday. Each particle also has variables that represent age, development-time, growth-rate, structural weight, and food satiation. This model was coupled with a lower trophic level ecosystem model of NEMURO as an interactive copepod component. The model can simulate the annual cycle of Neocalanus cristatus. Most of copepodite stages begin during the spring bloom, followed by a decrease in biomass during summer, then by migration of Neocalanus to deep water where they diapause during autumn and winter, and finally ends with egg production in winter. The model simulation successfully described the annual life cycle of the copepods in the Northwestern subarctic Pacific. By analyzing the simulated results of vertical trajectories of particles, individual growth, and stage development, we can conclude that during the spring bloom they graze large-phytoplankton without starvation and in summer they begin to prey on small-zooplankton (ZooS) to maintain their weight. These results support observations of their food selection corresponding to the seasonal food supply. Moreover we are applying this model to vertical 1-D NEMURO, so that we will be able to represent the vertical variations of seasonal abundance, depth dependent features of stage development, and patterns of reproduction caused by ontogenetic vertical migration

Variation in assimilation efficiencies of dominant Neocalanus and Eucalanus copepods in the subarctic Pacific : consequences for population structure models

The assimilation efficiency of zooplankton is an essential parameter required to estimate energy transfer to higher trophic levels in marine ecosystems. However, little information is available for large oceanic copepods, especially the Neocalanus and Eucalanus species dominant in the subarctic Pacific. In this study, the assimilation efficiencies of the C5 stages of Neocalanus cristatus, Neocalanus flemingeri and Eucalanus bungii were evaluated using eight phytoplankton species as food. The average assimilation efficiencies of N. cristatus, N. flemingeri and E. bungii ranged between 45 and 66%, 44 and 66% and 34 and 65%, respectively. The assimilation efficiency was highly variable depending on the food phytoplankton species. In all species, the assimilation efficiency showed a significant negative relationship with the ash content of the phytoplankton (r2 = 0.79–0.87, p < 0.001). The assimilation efficiency of large-body sized N. cristatus for large-sized diatoms was higher than for the other copepod species. In population models of N. cristatus, changes in assimilation efficiency affect the growth and survival rates of the population. The Lagrangian ensemble model (LEM) for N. cristatus showed that, for assimilation efficiencies less than 57%, the population could not be maintained. Because variations in assimilation efficiency may have significant effects on the copepod population, their variability should be incorporated into marine ecosystem models in the future