Uso de imágenes térmicas para la determinación del estado hídrico de cerezos jóvenes

Comunicación presentada al XXXVII Congreso Nacional de Riegos, celebrado en Don Benito del 4 al 6 de Junio de 2019 y organizada por la Asociación Española de Riegos y Drenajes y la Universidad de ExtremaduraEn regiones áridas y semiáridas, donde el principal factor limitante de la producción es el agua, es clave la aplicación exacta y cuidadosa de los volúmenes de riego de acuerdo con un criterio de programación técnico-económico. En este sentido, el uso de las nuevas tecnologías puede contribuir a la mejora de la eficiencia de uso del agua y sostenibilidad de la agricultura. Con el objetivo de evaluar el uso de imágenes térmicas para determinar el estado hídrico del cultivo y su idoneidad para el manejo del riego se realizó un ensayo en cerezos jóvenes (Prunus avium L.) ‘Lapins’ en 2018. Se establecieron dos tratamientos de riego: i) control, CTL, regado al 115% de la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc) durante todo el periodo experimental y ii) déficit severo, SS, regado como CTL hasta finales de junio, momento a partir del cual se alternaron 2 ciclos consecutivos de supresión-reanudación del riego, tras la recuperación del árbol se inició el segundo ciclo. La respuesta de la planta fue proporcional a la intensidad del estrés alcanzado durante los periodos de supresión del riego. Así, la disminución del stock hídrico del suelo provocó la caída del potencial hídrico de tallo y el aumento en la temperatura de la copa. Tras la reanudación del riego, todos los indicadores estudiados alcanzaron valores similares a CTL. El índice térmico obtenido a partir de la diferencia entre las temperaturas del dosel vegetal y la del aire circundante fue un buen indicador del estado hídrico de cerezos jóvenes bajo déficit hídrico severo.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad del Gobierno de España, MINECO (Ref. AGL2016-77282-C3-3-R) y la Fundación Séneca de la Región de Murcia (Grupo de excelencia 2016-2019, Ref. 19895/GERM/15

Sistema para la asistencia en la orientación de termo-radiómetros para procesos de medida de temperatura foliar

Poster presentado al XXXVII Congreso Nacional de Riegos, celebrado en Don Benito del 4 al 6 de Junio de 2019 y organizada por la Asociación Española de Riegos y Drenajes y la Universidad de ExtremaduraDesarrollar un nuevo equipo portátil de bajo coste y manejo, para asistir en el proceso de instalación y orientación de termo-radiómetros (IR-120 Campbell Scientific). El equipo diseñado mide en continuo y a distancia la temperatura de copa de árboles en riego completo a través del termo-radiómetro y la compara con la del aire circundante; para ello dispone de un sensor de temperatura y humedad ambiental. Dicha información se muestra en la pantalla.• Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (AGL2016-77282-C3-R) • Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU17/05155) • Fundación Séneca de la región de Murcia (19895/GERM/15

miR-146a rs2431697 identifies myeloproliferative neoplasm patients with higher secondary myelofibrosis progression risk

Myelofibrosis (MF) occurs as part of the natural history of polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), and remarkably shortens survival. Although JAK2V617F and CALR allele burden are the main transformation risk factors, inflammation plays a critical role by driving clonal expansion toward end-stage disease. NF-κB is a key mediator of inflammation-induced carcinogenesis. Here, we explored the involvement of miR-146a, a brake in NF-κB signaling, in MPN susceptibility and progression. rs2910164 and rs2431697, that affect miR-146a expression, were analyzed in 967 MPN (320 PV/333 ET/314 MF) patients and 600 controls. We found that rs2431697 TT genotype was associated with MF, particularly with post-PV/ET MF (HR = 1.5; p < 0.05). Among 232 PV/ET patients (follow-up time=8.5 years), 18 (7.8%) progressed to MF, being MF-free-survival shorter for rs2431697 TT than CC + CT patients (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified TT genotype as independent predictor of MF progression. In addition, TT (vs. CC + CT) patients showed increased plasma inflammatory cytokines. Finally, miR-146a−/− mice showed significantly higher Stat3 activity with aging, parallel to the development of the MF-like phenotype. In conclusion, we demonstrated that rs2431697 TT genotype is an early predictor of MF progression independent of the JAK2V617F allele burden. Low levels of miR-146a contribute to the MF phenotype by increasing Stat3 signaling

N-BLR, a primate-specific non-coding transcript leads to colorectal cancer invasion and migration

Background: non-coding RNAs have been drawing increasing attention in recent years as functional data suggest that they play important roles in key cellular processes. N-BLR is a primate-specific long non-coding RNA that modulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, facilitates cell migration, and increases colorectal cancer invasion. Results: we performed multivariate analyses of data from two independent cohorts of colorectal cancer patients and show that the abundance of N-BLR is associated with tumor stage, invasion potential, and overall patient survival. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments we found that N-BLR facilitates migration primarily via crosstalk with E-cadherin and ZEB1. We showed that this crosstalk is mediated by a pyknon, a short ~20 nucleotide-long DNA motif contained in the N-BLR transcript and is targeted by members of the miR-200 family. In light of these findings, we used a microarray to investigate the expression patterns of other pyknon-containing genomic loci. We found multiple such loci that are differentially transcribed between healthy and diseased tissues in colorectal cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Moreover, we identified several new loci whose expression correlates with the colorectal cancer patients' overall survival. Conclusions: the primate-specific N-BLR is a novel molecular contributor to the complex mechanisms that underlie metastasis in colorectal cancer and a potential novel biomarker for this disease. The presence of a functional pyknon within N-BLR and the related finding that many more pyknon-containing genomic loci in the human genome exhibit tissue-specific and disease-specific expression suggests the possibility of an alternative class of biomarkers and therapeutic targets that are primate-specific

Racial differences in human platelet PAR4 reactivity reflect expression of PCTP and miR-376c.

Racial differences in the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis are poorly understood. We explored the function and transcriptome of platelets in healthy black (n = 70) and white (n = 84) subjects. Platelet aggregation and calcium mobilization induced by the PAR4 thrombin receptor were significantly greater in black subjects. Numerous differentially expressed RNAs were associated with both race and PAR4 reactivity, including PCTP (encoding phosphatidylcholine transfer protein), and platelets from black subjects expressed higher levels of PC-TP protein. PC-TP inhibition or depletion blocked PAR4- but not PAR1-mediated activation of platelets and megakaryocytic cell lines. miR-376c levels were differentially expressed by race and PAR4 reactivity and were inversely correlated with PCTP mRNA levels, PC-TP protein levels and PAR4 reactivity. miR-376c regulated the expression of PC-TP in human megakaryocytes. A disproportionately high number of microRNAs that were differentially expressed by race and PAR4 reactivity, including miR-376c, are encoded in the DLK1-DIO3 locus and were expressed at lower levels in platelets from black subjects. These results suggest that PC-TP contributes to the racial difference in PAR4-mediated platelet activation, indicate a genomic contribution to platelet function that differs by race and emphasize a need to consider the effects of race when developing anti-thrombotic drugs

MicroRNAs in hemostasis

Clinical epidemiolog

N-BLR, a primate-specific non-coding transcript leads to colorectal cancer invasion and migration

Background: Non-coding RNAs have been drawing increasing attention in recent years as functional data suggest that they play important roles in key cellular processes. N-BLR is a primate-specific long non-coding RNA that modulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, facilitates cell migration, and increases colorectal cancer invasion. Results: We performed multivariate analyses of data from two independent cohorts of colorectal cancer patients and show that the abundance of N-BLR is associated with tumor stage, invasion potential, and overall patient survival. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments we found that N-BLR facilitates migration primarily via crosstalk with E-cadherin and ZEB1. We showed that this crosstalk is mediated by a pyknon, a short ~20 nucleotide-long DNA motif contained in the N-BLR transcript and is targeted by members of the miR-200 family. In light of these findings, we used a microarray to investigate the expression patterns of other pyknon-containing genomic loci. We found multiple such loci that are differentially transcribed between healthy and diseased tissues in colorectal cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Moreover, we identified several new loci whose expression correlates with the colorectal cancer patients’ overall survival. Conclusions: The primate-specific N-BLR is a novel molecular contributor to the complex mechanisms that underlie metastasis in colorectal cancer and a potential novel biomarker for this disease. The presence of a functional pyknon within N-BLR and the related finding that many more pyknon-containing genomic loci in the human genome exhibit tissue-specific and disease-specific expression suggests the possibility of an alternative class of biomarkers and therapeutic targets that are primate-specifi