Coastal oceanography and sedimentology in New Zealand, 1967-91.

This paper reviews research that has taken place on physical oceanography and sedimentology on New Zealand's estuaries and the inner shelf since c. 1967. It includes estuarine sedimentation, tidal inlets, beach morphodynamics, nearshore and inner shelf sedimentation, tides and coastal currents, numerical modelling, short-period waves, tsunamis, and storm surges. An extensive reference list covering both published and unpublished material is included. Formal teaching and research programmes dealing with coastal landforms and the processes that shape them were only introduced to New Zealand universities in 1964; the history of the New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research parallels and chronicles the development of physical coastal science in New Zealand, most of which has been accomplished in last 25 years

New Genera and Species of Fossil Marine Amioid Fishes (Actinopterygii, Holostei) from the Late Cretaceous Agoult locality in Southeastern Morocco

The document is Terry C. Grande\u27s (et al.) abstract in the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 77th Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts

An "Inefficient Fin" Non-Dimensional Parameter to Measure Gas Temperatures Efficiently

A gas containment vessel that is not in thermal equilibrium with the bulk gas can affect its temperature measurement. The physical nature of many gas dynamics experiments often makes the accurate measurement of temperature a challenge. The environment itself typically requires that the thermocouple be sheathed, both to protect the wires and hot junction of the instrument from their environment, and to provide a smooth, rigid surface for pressure sealing of the enclosure. However, that enclosure may also be much colder than the gas to be sensed, or vice-versa. Either way, the effect of such gradients is to potentially skew the temperature measurements themselves, since heat may then be conducted by the instrument. Thermocouple designers traditionally address this problem by insulating the sheath from the thermocouple leads and hot junction as much as possible. The thermocouple leads are typically packed in a ceramic powder inside the sheath, protecting them somewhat from temperature gradients along the sheath, but there is no effective mechanism to shield the sheath from the enclosure body itself. Standard practice dictates that thermocouples be used in installations that do not present large thermal gradients along the probe. If this conduction dominates heat transfer near the tip of the probe, then temperature measurements may be expected to be skewed. While the same problem may be experienced in the measurement of temperature at various points within a solid in a gradient, it tends to be aggravated in the measurements of gas temperature, since heat transfer dependent on convection is often less efficient than conduction along the thermocouple. The proposed solution is an inefficient fin thermocouple probe. Conventional wisdom suggests that in many experiments where gas flows through an enclosure (e.g., flow in pipe, manifold, nozzle, etc.), the thermocouple be introduced flush to the surface, so as not to interfere with the flow. In practice, however, many such experiments take place where the flow is already turbulent, so that a protruding thermocouple probe has a negligible effect on the flow characteristics. The key question then becomes just how far into the flow should a thermocouple protrude in order to properly sense the gas temperature at that point. Modeling the thermocouple as an "inefficient fin" directly addresses this question. The appropriate assumptions in this case are: one-dimensional conduction along the fin; steady-state, constant, and homogeneous thermal conductivity; negligible radiation; and a uniform, constant heat transfer coefficient over the probe surface. It is noted that the nature of the ceramic-filled probe makes the key assumption of homogeneous thermal conductivity that much more conservative

Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of (+)-Chamuvarinin

Supported by grants from EPSRC (EP/F011458/1) and The Wellcome Trust (086658).A stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-chamuvarinin, isolated from the root extract of Uvaria Chamae, utilizes a convergent modular strategy to construct the adjacently linked C15−C28 ether array, followed by a late-stage Julia−Kocienski olefination to append the butenolide motif. This constitutes the first total synthesis of (+)-chamuvarinin, defining the relative and absolute configuration of this unique annonaceous acetogenin.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The GLOBE climate legislation study: a review of climate change legislation in 66 countries: fourth edition

The GLOBE Climate Legislation Study is the most comprehensive audit of climate legislation across 66 countries, together responsible for around 88% of global manmade greenhouse gas emissions. It is produced by the Grantham Research Institute at the London School of Economics in collaboration with GLOBE International. The 4th edition of the Study was formally launched at the 2nd GLOBE Climate Legislation Summit held at the Senate of the United States of America and at the World Bank in Washington DC on 27th-28th February 2014. The next edition of the Climate Legislation Study will be launched in early 2015, covering legislation in 100 countries. Key messages from the 4th edition: ◾Almost 500 climate laws have been passed in the 66 countries covered by the study; the direction of travel is clear; and encouragingly, it is developing countries and emerging markets, which are advancing climate change laws and regulation at the fastest pace. ◾Even though the legislative progress is impressive, the cumulative ambition of these laws is not yet sufficient to limit global average temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, the agreed goal of the international community. ◾In order for a successful outcome in Paris in 2015 there is now extreme urgency to strengthen commitments, and for countries that have not yet passed climate change laws and/or regulations to do so

Selecting hybrid pine clones for deployment - The pointy end of wood quality improvement

A clonal forestry research programme on Pinus elliottii Engelm. (slash pine) x P. caribaea Morelet var. hondurensis Barrett & Golfari (Caribbean pine) hybrids commenced in Queensland in 1986. Each cycle of clonal tests covered about 5 calendar years from field planting, and studies of wood quality variation have so far been used in selecting superior clones from the first three series of tests for commercial plantation deployment. Experience from the Series III clonal selection round is used to highlight the difficulties of ranking elite clones given a large number of growth, form, and wood property traits. Three to six ramets were felled from the best 32 clones in the Series III trials at age 6.8 years and a 3-m butt log from each was sawn into 70 × 35-mm structural boards. The clones sawn were ranked for routine deployment using data on growth, form, and wood traits. All recovered boards were assessed for distortion and tested for modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture. Various non-destructive wood evaluation methods were used to estimate modulus of elasticity (wood stiffness) in these trees. Standing tree acoustic velocity assessed with an ST300 tool was slightly less strongly correlated phenotypically with the average modulus of elasticity of the recovered boards (r = 0.88**) than with predictions of modulus of elasticity from resonance vibration test samples and SilviScan estimates (both r = 0.89**). Moderate phenotypic relationships were found for individual tree means between average twist of the sawn boards and the average spiral grain angle of growth rings 2, 3, and 4 (r = 0.70**) assessed using a breast-height 12-mm increment core, and between average bow in the boards and average microfibril angle (r = 0.64**) from SilviScan assessments of core samples

Comparison of Conventional and Maskless Lithographic Techniques for More than Moore Post-processing of Foundry CMOS Chips

This article details and compares the technology options for post-processing foundry produced CMOS at chip-scale to enable More than Moore functionality. In many cases there are attractions in using chip-based processing through the Multi-Project Wafer route that is frequently employed in research, early-stage development and low-volume production. This article identifies that spray-based photoresist deposition combined with optical maskless lithography demonstrates sufficient performance combined with low cost and operational convenience to offer an attractive alternative to conventional optical lithography, where spin-coated photoresist is exposed through a patterned photomask. [2020-0249