Construcción de un corpus comparable y un recurso de referencia para la simplificación de textos médicos en español

We report the collection of the CLARA-MeD comparable corpus, which is made up of 24 298 pairs of professional and simplified texts in the medical domain for the Spanish language (>96M tokens). Texts types range from drug leaflets and summaries of product characteristics (10 211 pairs of texts, >82M words), abstracts of systematic reviews (8138 pairs of texts, >9M words), cancer-related information summaries (201 pairs of texts, >3M tokens) and clinical trials announcements (5748 pairs of texts, 451 690 words). We also report the alignment of professional and simplified sentences, conducted manually by pairs of annotators. A subset of 3800 sentence pairs (149 862 tokens) has been aligned each by 2 experts, with an average inter-annotator agreement kappa score of 0.839 (0.076). The data are available in the community and contributes with a new benchmark to develop and evaluate automatic medical text simplification systems.Se describe la recogida del corpus comparable CLARA-MeD, formado por 24 298 pares de textos profesionales y simplificados de dominio médico en lengua española (>96M palabras). Los tipos de textos varían desde prospectos médicos y fichas técnicas de medicamentos (10 211 pares de textos, >82M palabras), resúmenes de revisiones sistemáticas (8138 pares de textos, >9M palabras), resúmenes de información sobre el cáncer (201 pares de textos, >3M palabras) y anuncios de ensayos clínicos (5748 pares de textos, 451 690 palabras). También presentamos el alineamiento de frases técnicas y simplificadas, realizado a mano por pares de anotadores. Un subconjunto de 3800 pares de frases (149 862 tokens) se han emparejado, con un acuerdo medio entre anotadores con valor kappa = 0.839 (0.076). Los datos están disponibles en la comunidad y este nuevo recurso permite desarrollar y evaluar sistemas de simplificación automática de textos médicos.Project CLARA-MED (PID2020-116001RA-C33) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/, in project call: “Proyectos I+D+i Retos Investigación”

Active compounds and distinctive sensory features provided by American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) extract in a new functional milk beverage

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) has recognized neurocognitive effects, and a ginsenoside-rich extract of the root of the plant has been shown to improve cognitive functions in young adults. This study aimed at assessing the chemical and sensory profiles of a UHT-treated, low-lactose functional milk containing American ginseng. Individual ginsenosides in the milk were analyzed by HPLC. Descriptive sensory analysis was performed by a trained panel to quantitatively document sensory changes resulting from the addition of ginseng and the UHT process on flavored and unflavored milks. Consumer acceptance of the product was also investigated. Total ginsenoside content in the UHT-treated milk enriched with the ginseng extract after UHT process treatment was 7.52. mg/100. g of milk, corresponding to a recovery of 67.6% compared with the content in the unprocessed extract. The intake of 150 to 300. mL of this ginseng-enriched milk provides the amount of total ginsenosides (11.5 to 23. mg) necessary to improve cognitive function after its consumption. Both the presence of ginsenosides and their thermal treatment affected some sensory properties of the milk, most notably an increase in bitterness and metallic taste, the appearance of a brownish color, and a decrease in milky flavor. Levels of brown color, bitterness, and metallic taste were highest in the industrially processed ginseng-enriched milk. The bitterness attributable to ginseng extract was reduced by addition of vanilla flavor and sucralose. A consumer exploratory study revealed that a niche of consumers exists who are willing to consume this type of product.The financial support of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (Madrid, Spain) for the project SENIFOOD (CENIT Programme) and for the contract with A. Tárrega (Juan de la Cierva Programme) is acknowledged. We gratefully acknowledge Juan Duato Aguilar, from Naturex Spain S.L. (Quart de Poblet, Spain), for his valuable technical support

Hydrotherapy as a recovery strategy after exercise: a pragmatic controlled trial

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01765387Background Our aim was to evaluate the recovery effects of hydrotherapy after aerobic exercise in cardiovascular, performance and perceived fatigue. Methods A pragmatic controlled repeated measures; single-blind trial was conducted. Thirty-four recreational sportspeople visited a Sport-Centre and were assigned to a Hydrotherapy group (experimental) or rest in a bed (control) after completing a spinning session. Main outcomes measures including blood pressure, heart rate, handgrip strength, vertical jump, self-perceived fatigue, and body temperature were assessed at baseline, immediately post-exercise and post-recovery. The hypothesis of interest was the session*time interaction. Results The analysis revealed significant session*time interactions for diastolic blood pressure (P=0.031), heart rate (P=0.041), self perceived fatigue (P=0.046), and body temperature (P=0.001); but not for vertical jump (P=0.437), handgrip (P=0.845) or systolic blood pressure (P=0.266). Post-hoc analysis revealed that hydrotherapy resulted in recovered heart rate and diastolic blood pressure similar to baseline values after the spinning session. Further, hydrotherapy resulted in decreased self-perceived fatigue after the spinning session. Conclusions Our results support that hydrotherapy is an adequate strategy to facilitate cardiovascular recovers and perceived fatigue, but not strength, after spinning exercise

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Synthesis and characterisation of phosphinothiolate tin(IV) complexes. Crystal structure of (SnBu2)-Bu-t(OPPh2C6H4S)(OH2) ClO4.H2O

[SnR2Cl2] (R=Me, tBu) react with OPPh2C6H4SH in the presence of NaOEt affording mononuclear derivatives [SnR2(OPPh2C6H4S)2] (1, 2) with two units of the oxide of the thiophenylphosphine. The loss of one of such units is achieved by the reaction of 1 and 2 with HCF3SO3 or HClO4 giving rise to complexes with the formula [SnR2(OPPh2C6H4S)]A (A=CF3SO3, ClO4) (3a–b, 4a–b). The crystal structure of [SntBu2(OPPh2C6H4S)]ClO4 (4b) has been determined by X-ray diffraction

Synthesis of hetheropolynuclear complexes using new tin(IV) dimers. X-ray structure of [AuSnCl(tBu)2(SC6H4)(PPh3)]

Li2(SC6H4) reacts with [SnR2Cl2] affording the dinuclear derivatives [{SnR2(SC6H4)}2] (R = Me, tBu, Ph) (1a-c). The reaction of these dimer derivatives with various [AuClL] breaks the tin-sulfur bonds, affording the heterobimetallic complexes [AuSnClR2(SC6H4)L] (L = PPh3, AsPh3, CH2PPh3) (2-4). The synthesis of [Au{SnClMe2(SC6H4)}2] (5) is carried out in a similar way. The lithiated product Li2(SC6H4) can react with [AuCl(PPh3)], giving [Au2(SC6H4)(PPh3)2] (6). The molecular structure of the complex [AuSnCl(tBu)2(SC6H4)(PPh 3)] (2b) has been established by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetrahedral tin center and a linear gold(I) atom bridged by the "C-S" bidentate ligand

Dithiolate diphosphine polynuclear gold complexes. X-ray structure of [Au2(µ-dppm)(C6F5)2(S2C6H4)]

The gold (I) complexes [Au2 (S-S) (AsPh3) ] n (S-S = S2C6H4, S2C6H3CH3) react with (Ph2P (CH2) nPPh2) (n = 1, dppm; 2, dppe) affording [Au2 (S-S) (dppe) ] (1-2) or [Au4 (S-S)2 (dppm)2] (3, 4) . The gold (III) derivative [Au (C6F5) (S-S) (AsPh3) ] reacts with dppe giving rise to [{Au (C6F5) (S-S) }2 (-dppe) ] (5, 6) or with dppm affording [Au (C6F5) (S-S) dppm] (7, 8) . Complexes 7, 8 further react with the gold (I) compounds [AuX (tht) ] (X = Cl, C6F5) giving after substitution of the tetrahydrothiophene group, [Au2 (-dppm) (C6F5) X (S-S) ] (9, 10) . The crystal structure of [Au2 (-dppm) (C6F5)2(S2C6H 4) ] (10) has been established by X-ray diffraction and shows a linear Au (I) atom, bonded to a C6F5 group and a phosphorus of the dppm, which then bridges via the other phosphorus to a square planar Au (III) atom, which also carries a C6F5 group and a chelating dithiolate

Synthesis and reactivity of trinuclear gold(III) dithiolate complexes. X-ray structure of [Au(C6F5)(S2C6H4)]3 and [Au(C6F5)(S2C6H4)(SC6H4SPPh3)].

Q2[Zn(S-S)2] or [SnMe2(S-S)] (Q = NBu4 or PPN, S-S = S2C6H4, S2C6H3CH3, or C3S5 (dmit)) reacts with trans-[Au(C6F5)Cl2(tht)] affording trinuclear species [Au(C6F5)(S-S)]3 (1-3). When [AuX3(tht)] (X = Cl or Br) are used instead, [AuBr(S-S)]n (4-6) and [AuCl(dmit)]n (7) are obtained. Complex 1 further reacts with PPh3 to give [Au(C6F5)(S2C6H4)(SC 6H4SPPh3)]. Complexes 1-3 react with neutral (pyridine) or anionic (Cl, Br, or SCN) ligands affording [Au(C6F5)(S-S)(py)] (9a-c) or Q[Au(C6F5)(S-S)X] (10a-c-12a-c) complexes. The structures of 1 and 8 have been established by X-ray crystallography. Complex 1 shows a six-membered Au3S3 ring which adopts a chair configuration and shows a gold-gold distance of 3.515 Å. Complex 8 is a mononuclear square-planar gold(III) complex with a new SC6H4SPPh3 thiolate ligand, the P-S bond length being 2.058(5) Å. © 1995 American Chemical Society

Synthesis of dithiolate gold(III) complexes by dithiolate transfer reactions: X-ray structure of [Au(C6F5)(S2C6H4)(PPh3)].

The reaction of ethanolic solutions of Na2(SS) {SS &.dbnd; 1,2-S2C6H4 or 3,4-S2C6H3(CH3)} with [Sn(CH3)2Cl2] or (PPN)2[ZnCl4] gives [Sn(CH3)2(SS)] and (PPN)2[Zn(SS)2], respectively. The tin derivative with 1,3-dithiol-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate (dmit), [Sn(CH3)2(dmit)], is obtained by reaction of [Sn(CH3)2Cl2] with (NEt4)2[Zn(dmit)2]. The tin and zinc complexes further react with the gold(III) derivatives cis-[Au(C6F5)Cl2L] giving rise to dithiolate gold(III) complexes [Au(C6F5)(SS)L]. The structure of [Au(C6F5)(S2C6H4)(PPh3)] has been established by an X-ray diffraction study, and shows a square-planar coordination of the gold with the dithiolate chelating. © 1995

Mesityl gold(III) complexes. X-ray structure of mononuclear Au(mes)(2)Cl(PPh3) and the dimer Au(mes)(2)Cl (2)

The reaction between PPN[AuCl4] and [Hg(mes)(2)] gives the anionic complex cis-PPN[Au(mes)(2)Cl-2] (1) and [Hg(mes)Cl] as side-product. Complex 1 is a precursor to other compounds both neutral and cationic. Removal of one chloride ligand affords the mononuclear neutral complexes cis-[Au(mes)(2)ClL] (L = PPh3 (2), P{p-tol}(3) (3), AsPh3 (4), SPPh3 (5)) by addition of a neutral ligand or, alternatively if no ligand is added, dimeric cis-[Au(mes)(2)Cl](2) (6). If both chloride groups in 1 are removed, cationic compounds can be obtained by addition of a potentially bidentate ligand affording cis-[Au(mes)(2)(L-L)]X complexes (X = ClO4, L-L = bipy (7), L-L = phen (8), L-L = dppe (9) X = SO3CF3, L-L = dppm (10)). Dithiocarbamate- or acetate salts can be added to solutions of 'Au(mes)(2)X' (obtained by removal of two chloride anions in 1) leading to the neutral compounds cis-[Au(mes),(L-L)] (L-L = S2CNR2 (R = Me (11), Et (12), Bz (13)), O2CCF3 (14)). The structures of cis-[Au(mes)(2)Cl(PPh3)] (2) and cis-[Au(mes)(2)Cl](2) (6) have been established by an X-ray diffraction study