3,137 research outputs found
Factors associated with overeducation among recent graduates during labour market integration: The case of Catalonia (Spain)
Overeducation has usually been considered a phenomenon brought about during integration into the labour market. There is no single explanation, but rather several factors that are associated with overeducation. We analyse overeducation among graduates in Catalonia four years after finishing their degrees. The analysis is based on the self-assessment made by workers in surveys conducted by AQU (Catalan University Quality Assurance Agency) between 2008 and 2014 and we use logit and probit statistical models to determine the probability of a graduate being overeducated, depending on a wide range of economic, sociological, technological and academic variables. We use the Heckman methodology in the analysis. This study corroborates the results of previous studies on the relationship between wages, job satisfaction and overeducation. In addition, the results show, firstly, differences in levels of overeducation between different fields of study, most notably between 'Humanities and Arts' and 'Health Sciences'. Secondly, the results reveal the impact of the economic cycle on overeducation. Thirdly, the variables used in the statistical model exhibit stable behaviour and, as a result, they provide an explanation for overeducation as a structural phenomenon, regardless of the economic situation. Furthermore, other variables show a significant relationship with signalling theory and career mobility theory, which both explain the overeducation phenomenon. We especially emphasise the role of professional career development during undergraduate studies. Additionally, we found that the family socio-economic environment is relevant in explaining overeducation and, lastly, technological factors and aspects of the graduates' work environment also contribute to explaining the phenomenon
The long-term relationship between economic development and regional inequality: South-West Europe, 1860-2010
This paper analyses the long-term relationship between regional inequality and economic development. Our data set includes information on national and regional per capita GDP for four countries: France, Italy, Portugal and Spain, compiled on a decadal basis for the period 1860–2010. Using parametric and semiparametric regressions, our results confirm the rise and fall of regional inequalities over time although in recent decades they are on the rise again. Finally, we identify structural change as being a significant transmission mechanism of the inverted-U relationship. The arrival of technological shocks, beginning during the onset of industrialization, and the transition from agrarian to industrial economies, would explain this result
Mobile Application Development Skills Set Aligned with the E-Cf Framework and Industry Needs
The number of mobile apps is continuously growing but development organisations are not sure of the good alignment of the skills of application developers with what the industry needs. A precise definition of the professional profile of the Mobile Application Developer (MAD) can help to better understand the needs of software development teams. This cooperation of several European organisations for analysing professional profile of MAD has led to a study of skills and competences resulting in a conceptual model with relevant characteristics: a) based on literature review, b) framed within the European standard e-Competence Framework, e-CF (EN16234) and the ESCO official labour classification and c) empirically validated with qualitative and quantitative data from many stakeholders in the field. This analysis might help to add homogeneity to talent management overcoming possible barriers for international mobility within EU as the concepts are taken from the EU reference models
Synchronous neoplastic lesions in colorectal cancer. An analysis of possible risk factors favouring presentation
Aim: few data have been published regarding the causes of
synchronous lesions in patients with colorectal cancer. The aim of
our study was to identify potential factors that might be implicated
in the development of multicentric lesions, since this knowledge
could be useful for tailored follow-up once initial synchronous lesions
have been removed.
Methods: we retrospectively reviewed 382 colorectal cancer
cases diagnosed by total colonoscopy and histological study of
surgical specimens. We divided our population into 2 groups,
based on whether they had synchronous lesions or otherwise.
Several data related to personal and family history, habits, symptoms,
and tumor characteristics were assessed. Univariate and
multivariate statistical analyses were performed.
Results: 208 (54.5%) patients had synchronous adenomas
and 28 (7.3%) had synchronous cancer. A multivariate analysis
showed that the following parameters were consistently related
to the presence of multicentric lesions –male gender: OR = 1.97;
CI = 1.13-3.45; p = 0.017; age ≥ 59 years: OR = 2.57;
CI = 1.54-4.29; p < 0.001; personal history of colonic adenomas:
OR = 3.04; CI = 1.04-8.85; p = 0.042; and obstructive tumors:
OR = 0.48; CI = 0.27-0.85; p = 0.012.
Conclusion: our results show that several parameters that are
easy to measure could be considered risk factors for the development
of multicentric lesions. These factors need to be confirmed
with follow-up studies analyzing their role in patients with and
without metachronic lesions once all synchronous lesions have
been removed
Análisis de la posible influencia de las lesiones sincrónicas en el pronóstico del cáncer colorrectal resecado
Aim: To analyze the relationship between synchronous lesions in
patients with colorectal cancer and their prognostic value.
Patients and methods: We have retrospectively reviewed 369 patients
with resected colorectal cancer. We compared the rate of apparently
curative surgery, progression and tumoral relapse, development of
extracolonic cancer and mortality between patients with and without
synchronous cancer. Afterwards, we analyzed the same parameters in
colorectal cancer with and without synchronous adenomas. Finally, we
repeated the analysis after stratification of cancers in 2 groups according
to pTNM staging: 0-I-II stage vs III-IV.
Results: We found synchronous adenomas in 54.7% of our patients
and synchronous cancers in 7.6%. Follow-up period of groups with and
without synchronous lesions were: 70.8 ± 22.9 and 67.2 ± 24.5 months (p
= 0.55) respectivelly. Synchronous cancers showed higher mortality:
35.7 vs. 14.4%: p = 0.006; OR = 3.31 (1.33-8.13), higher tumoral progression
: 39.3 vs. 19.1%: p = 0.011; OR = 2.75 (1.14-6.56) and higher
relapse rate: 10.7 vs. 3.5%: p = 0.096. Stratifying according to stage,
patients with stage 0-I-II and synchronous cancer showed worse prognosis:
mortality = 27.7 vs. 8.1%, p = 0.019; OR = 4.45 (1.2-15.1), tumoral
progression = 27.8 vs. 8.5%, p = 0.02; OR = 4.12 (1.14-14.19), and
extracolonic cancer = 16.7 vs. 6.4% p = 0.095. There were no statistical
differences between cases with and without synchronous adenomas.
Conclusions: Synchronous cancers showed worse prognosis after
resection, with higher rate of tumoral progression and mortality. This difference
is focused on the cases diagnosed in stage 0-I-II, not being found in
III-IV. The presence of synchronous adenomas doesn’t influence prognosis
Prime movers: Advanced practice professionals in the role of stroke coordinator
Background and purpose
Following a stroke quality improvement clustered randomized trial and a national acute ischemic stroke (AIS) directive in the Veterans Health Administration in 2011, this comparative case study examined the role of advanced practice professionals (APPs) in quality improvement activities among stroke teams.
Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted at 11 Veterans Affairs medical centers annually over a 3-year period. A multidisciplinary team analyzed interviews from clinical providers through a mixed-methods, data matrix approach linking APPs (nurse practitioners and physician assistants) with Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research constructs and a group organization measure.
Conclusion
Five of 11 facilities independently chose to staff stroke coordinator positions with APPs. Analysis indicated that APPs emerged as boundary spanners across services and disciplines who played an important role in coordinating evidence-based, facility-level approaches to AIS care. The presence of APPs was related to engaging in group-based evaluation of performance data, implementing stroke protocols, monitoring care through data audit, convening interprofessional meetings involving planning activities, and providing direct care. Implications for practice
The presence of APPs appears to be an influential feature of local context crucial in developing an advanced, facility-wide approach to stroke care because of their boundary spanning capabilities
Construcción transdiciplinar de estrategias para la prevención y control de las parasitosis intestinales en poblaciones del NEA y NOA de Argentina
La importancia que cobran distintos tipos de parasitosis infantiles es creciente y preocupa a la población en general, autoridades sanitarias e instituciones educativas, que quieren revertir el cuadro sanitario y trabajar para prevenirlo en el futuro. Esta situación motivó a diagramar, proponer y poner en práctica acciones que contribuyeran a enfrentar el problema y con ello al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de la gente. Nuestro equipo interdisciplinario abordó estas problemáticas en regiones bioculturalmente diversas donde las patologías parasitarias aquejan a distintos sectores de la población entre ellos las comunidades Mbya Guaraní de la provincia de Misiones y la población rural de los Valles Calchaquíes en el Departamento Molinos de la provincia de Salta. En este marco surgieron como importantes las enfermedades gastrointestinales y particularmente las parasitosis asociadas a la infancia y se hizo posible el acercamiento e intercambio de perspectivas y estrategias entre distintos sectores de las poblaciones involucradas, lo cual se constituyó en el núcleo de esta propuesta, atendiendo siempre a la diversidad de respuestas a esta problemática que resulta de la pluralidad socio cultural de la población en estos enclaves.Asociación Parasitológica ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore
Electronic phase separation in the rare earth manganates, (La1-xLnx)0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (Ln = Nd, Gd and Y)
All the three series of manganates showsaturation magnetization
characteristic of ferromagnetism, with the ferromagnetic Tc decreasing with
increasing in x up to a critical value of x, xc (xc = 0.6, 0.3, 0.2
respectively for Nd, Gd, Y). For x > xc, the magnetic moments are considerably
smaller showing a small increase around TM, the value of TM decreasing slightly
with increase in x or decrease in . The ferromagnetic compositions (x xc)
show insulator-metal (IM) transitions, while the compositions with x > xc are
insulating. The magnetic and electrical resistivity behavior of these
manganates is consistent with the occurrence of phase separation in the
compositions around xc, corresponding to a critical average radius of the
A-site cation, , of 1.18 A. Both Tc and TIM increase linearly when < rA
> > or x xc as expected of a homogenous ferromagnetic phase. Both Tc
and TM decrease linearly with the A-site cation size disorder at the A-site as
measured by the variance s2. Thus, an increase in s2 favors the insulating AFM
state. Percolative conduction is observed in the compositions with > <
rAc >. Electron transport properties in the insulating regime for x > xc
conforms to the variable range hopping mechanism. More interestingly, when x >
xc, the real part of dielectric constant (e') reaches a high value (104-106) at
ordinary temperatures dropping to a very small (~500) value below a certain
temperature, the value of which decreases with decreasing frequency.Comment: 27 pages; 11 figures, Submitted to J.Phys:Condens Matte
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