Factors affecting Pythium ultimum oospores : production, germination, and virulence to cotton seedlings in soil

In a field test, severity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seedling disease was not affected by nitrogen fertilization. There were no differences in disease severity in seedlings grown in soils that had received 0, 90, or 180 kg/ha, either in the form of NH4CL or NaNO3. Oospore production by Pythium ultimum (Trow) was determined on five liquid culture media. Higher numbers of oospores were produced on a basic mineral medium containing lecithin and on a com meal medium than on three other media evaluated. Numbers of oospores increased progressively during the 30-day incubation period on four of the media. Maximum oospore formation occurred in a medium containing 1.7 g/L of lecithin in a soybean oil formulation. The addition of oospores of ultimum to soil significantly increased cotton seedling disease in previously sterilized and in nonsterilized soil which had been air-dried for 1 year, but not in oospore-amended fresh field soil. A significant amount of infection occurred in sterilized soil amended with 10 oospores/g, and very severe disease occurred in sterilized soil containing 100 oospores/g. Conversion (change of thick walled spores to thin ones) and germination of oospores were studied with the use of an agar-slide technique, in which oospore-amended agar was solidified as a film on a glass slide. When agar-slides were placed in soil, oospores began the conversion process immediately, and some thick walls were converted to thin walls after 24 hours of incubation. Most of the oospores added to soil had thin walls after 16 days of incubation. Oospores did not germinate in soil during the three month incubation period. P. ultimum oospores in soil immediately adjacent to the primary root of cotton germinated within 48 hours after cotton seeds were planted. Germination occurred at a greater distance (within 1.6 mm) from secondary root surfaces. All germ tubes observed grew toward root surfaces. Roots were mostly infected in the root hair zone and occasionally the root tips. Germ tube infection of the region of elongation was rare. The agar-slide technique was very efficient for studying oospores of Pythium in soil, and could be adapted for determining the fate of propagules of other plant pathogens that cause root disease

Keystroke-Dynamics for Parkinson\u27s Disease Signs Detection in an At-Home Uncontrolled Population: A New Benchmark and Method

Parkinson\u27s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease disorder in the world. A prompt diagnosis would enable clinical trials for disease-modifying neuroprotective therapies. Recent research efforts have unveiled imaging and blood markers that have the potential to be used to identify PD patients promptly, however, the idiopathic nature of PD makes these tests very hard to scale to the general population. To this end, we need an easily deployable tool that would enable screening for PD signs in the general population. In this work, we propose a new set of features based on keystroke dynamics, i.e., the time required to press and release keyboard keys during typing, and used to detect PD in an ecologically valid data acquisition setup at the subject\u27s homes, without requiring any pre-defined task. We compare and contrast existing models presented in the literature and present a new model that combines a new type of keystroke dynamics signal representation using hold time and flight time series as a function of key types and asymmetry in the time series using a convolutional neural network. We show how this model achieves an Area Under the Receiving Operating Characteristic curve ranging from 0.80 to 0.83 on a dataset of subjects who actively interacted with their computers for at least 5 months and positively compares against other state-of-the-art approaches previously tested on keystroke dynamics data acquired with mechanical keyboards

Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts: Biotechnological Role for Wine Production

Non-Saccharomyces yeasts play a substantial role in the early stages of wine fermentation. With the increase in alcohol concentration, indigenous or commercial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae take over and complete the transformation of the grape must sugars into ethanol, CO2, and other secondary metabolites. The presence of non-Saccharomyces during the fermentation has an impact on the wine composition, and consequently, their contribution during the fermentation process cannot be ignored. The new challenges to enhance the appeal and value of wine elaborated by traditional technology are being achieved by selecting and using autochthonous non-Saccharomyces and Saccharomyces strains that may enhance regional identity of wines. Greater understanding of yeast biochemistry and physiology is enabling the selection and development of yeast strains that have defined specific influences on process efficiency and wine quality. The aim of this chapter was to show the different aspects of non-Saccharomyces species that may play a positive incidence in the biotechnological process to conduct to wine elaboration

MICROSTRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON THE PHASE TRANSITIONS AND THE THERMAL EVOLUTION OF ELASTIC AND PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES IN HIGHLY DENSE, SUBMICRON-STRUCTURED NaNbO3 CERAMICS

The dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic coefficients, as well as the electromechanical coupling factors, of NaNbO3 submicron-structured ceramics have been obtained by an automatic iterative method from impedance measurements at resonance. Poled thin disks were measured from room temperature up to the depoling one, close to 300ºC. Dielectric thermal behaviour was determined also for unpoled ceramics up to the highest phase transition temperature. Ceramics were processed by hot-pressing from mechanically activated precursors. Microstructural effects on the properties are discussed. The suppression of the classical maximum in dielectric permittivity in unpoled ceramics at the phase transition at 370ºC was found when a bimodal distribution of grain sizes, in which a population of average grain size of 110 nm in between much coarser grains is observed. The appearance of a phase transition at 150ºC took place when Na vacancies are minimized. The occurrence of a non-centrosymmetric, ferroelectric phase, in the unpoled ceramic from room temperature to ~300ºC, highly polarisable resulting in high ferro-piezoelectric properties was also observed in the ceramic which presents grain size below 160 nm. Maximum values of kp=14%, d31=-8.7•10-12 C•N-1 and Np=3772 Hz•m at room temperature, and kp=18%, d31=-25.4•10-12 C•N-1 and Np=3722 Hz•m at 295ºC were achieved in the best processing conditions of the ceramics.Peer reviewe

Temperatures Influence Susceptibility to Insecticides in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) are vectors for several arboviruses, including dengue, Zika virus and chikungunya virus. The primary method of controlling these diseases is controlling the vector population, often with insecticides. Insecticide resistance may impact the success of these efforts. We tested the effect of variable temperature exposures on susceptibility to insecticides by exposing adult A. aegypti and A. albopictus to different temperatures and tested their susceptibility to insecticides. We hypothesized that adults maintained at high temperatures would show increased susceptibility to insecticides relative to lower temperatures. Colony mosquitoes were hatched, reared to adulthood and then maintained in three temperature regimes that reflect average seasonal temperatures in the Rio Grande Valley, TX. Susceptibility to permethrin and deltamethrin was assessed using the CDC bottle bioassay method. Overall Aedes albopictus had higher susceptibility to all insecticides than Aedes aegypti. Mosquitoes kept at different temperatures exhibited differential susceptibility to insecticides. Low temperature exposed mosquitoes had decreased susceptibility while high temperature conditions resulted in increased mortality. Our results suggest public health officials must consider temperature effects when controlling mosquitoes with insecticides

Marketing político y psicología del consumidor en la campaña a la alcaldía de bello 2019, desde la percepción de cinco docentes de psicología

Describir la percepción que tienen los docentes de psicologíade la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios (seccionalAntioquia-Chocó) acerca de lascampañas publicitarias de candidatos a la alcaldía de Bello (2020-2023)La siguiente investigación buscacomprender la percepción que los docentes de psicología de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, tienen acerca de las campañas políticas de los candidatos a la Alcaldía de Bello periodo (2020-2023), entorno a describir las emociones encontradas e implícitas con las que se crean las distintas piezas publicitarías, tomando desde la psicología del consumidor y el marketing político las estrategias principales para poder construir elmejor concepto marca que puede tener un candidato político para ser recordado por quienes visualicen o reciban dicha publicidad, tanto en los medios de comunicación convencionales y no convencionales

El baile de “Las marotas”: la fiesta patronal en Amecameca, Estado de México, como espacio de inserción de mujeres trans

This article aims to explore in two ways a bit of the “Las marotas” dance in the communities of Santa Isabel Chalma and Santiago Cuauhtenco (in the State of Mexico). First, the dynamics of the dance in which permitted transvestism occurs are described; and second, the participation of trans women in the mentioned dance and the violence that it entails (through physical, verbal, and sexual aggression) are display. We used direct participant observation in the community during the festivities from 2010 to 2012, as well as an interview that allowed us to describe and interpret what was obtained.Este artículo pretende explorar, a partir de dos vías, un poco de la dinámica del baile de “Las marotas” de las comunidades de Santa Isabel Chalma y Santiago Cuauhtenco (en el Estado de México). Primero, se describe el baile en el que ocurre un travestismo permitido; y segundo, se muestra la participación de mujeres trans en dicho baile y la violencia que conlleva (por medio de agresiones físicas, verbales, sexuales). Usamos la observación participante directa en la comunidad durante las fiestas de los años 2010 al 2012, así como una entrevista que nos permitió describir e interpretar lo obtenido

Liderazgo directivo y su relación con el desempeño docente de las instituciones educativas nivel inicial, Red 05 – Ugel 03 – Lima, 2021

El trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo general determinar la relación entre liderazgo directivo y desempeño docente, asimismo, se consideró los objetivos específicos gestión institucional, gestión administrativa, gestión pedagógica y estilos de liderazgo del director relacionándolos con el desempeño docente; al respecto se realizó el estudio bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo aplicada, de nivel correlacional, con diseño no experimental y método hipotético-deductivo. Se tuvo una población de 47 docentes, a quienes se les aplicó dos cuestionarios, cuya fiabilidad en Alfa de Cronbach fue de 0.984 en liderazgo directivo y de 0.962 en desempeño docente. Para este estudio, se aplicó la prueba de hipótesis, con el Rho de Spearman, cuyo valor fue altamente significativo de 0.905, lo que demostró que las variables Liderazgo directivo y desempeño docente se relacionan de manera positiva, directa y muy fuerte, igualmente se trabajó con objetivos específicos: la relación entre Gestión Institucional con el Desempeño Docente obteniendo un valor de 0,768, Gestión Administrativa con desempeño docente, cuyo valor fue 0.798, Gestión Pedagógica con desempeño docente, con un valor de 0.793 y finalmente Estilos de Liderazgo con desempeño docente cuyo valor fue de 0.796, lo que indicó en todos los resultados son altamente significativos

Model for Prediction of Progression in Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system and the second most common cause of disability in young adults. Choosing an effective treatment is crucial to preventing disability. However, response to treatment varies greatly between patients. Because of this, accurate and timely detection of individual response to treatment is an essential requisite of efficient personalised multiple sclerosis therapy. Nowadays, there is a lack of comprehensive predictive models of response to individual treatment.This paper arises from the clinical need to improve this situation. To achieve it, all patient's information was used to evaluate the effectiveness of demographic, clinical and paraclinical variables of individual response to fourteen disease-modifying therapies in MSBase, an international cohort. A personalized prediction model to three stages of disease, as a support tool in clinical decision making for each MS patient, was developed applying machine learning and Big Data techniques. These techniques were also used to reduce the data set and define a minimum set of characteristics for each patient. Best predictors for the response to treatment were identified to refine the predictive model. Fourteen relevant variables were selected. A web application was implemented to be used to support the specialist neurologist in real time. This tool provides a prediction of progression in EDSS from the last relapse of an individual patient, and a report for the medical expert