Značaj utvrđivanja sredinskih faktora za kreiranje tretmana mucanja kod jednojajčane bliznakinje

Introduction. Stuttering is a speech disorder and its etiology is an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Despite the absence of definite etiology understanding, there are numerous available treatments for stuttering. For some adult patients, the contemporary concept includes psychotherapist involvement concomitant with speech therapist. Case report. A 24-year-old girl, who is a monozygotic twin, has been stuttering from early childhood, while her twin sister has never exhibited a speech disorder. Since the role of genetic factors was evident (father stuttered too), the focus of this report was on environmental factors of physical and psychological development (slow development), as well as family psychodynamics (divorce of parents in early adolescent period and criticizing from her father for stuttering). The patient, as well as her family members, denied the significance of the symptoms, which could also explain the absence of early treatment. Conclusion. Unfavorable conditions of psychological development, as well as family psychodynamics could explain speech therapy starting at the age of twenty-four and being insufficient for symptom overcoming. Psychotherapy is indicated in the integrative part of treatment in this case of speech disorder.Uvod. Mucanje je govorni poremećaj čija etiologija podrazumeva međudejstvo genetskih i sredinskih faktora. Uprkos odsustvu konačnih odgovora o etiologiji mucanja, postoji više različitih terapijskih metoda. U nekim slučajevima lečenja odraslih bolesnika, savremeni model lečenja mucanja, pored logopeda, uključuje i angažovanje psihoterapeuta. Prikaz bolesnika. Prikazana je jednojajčana bliznakinja stara 24 godine, koja muca od ranog detinjstva, dok njena sestra bliznakinja nikada nije imala govorni poremećaj. S obzirom na to da je uticaj genetskih faktora bio očigledan (otac muca), fokus prikaza je usmeren na sredinske faktore fizičkog i psihičkog razvoja (sporiji razvoj), kao i na porodičnu psihodinamiku (razvod roditelja u ranom adolescentnom periodu i kritikovanje od strane oca zbog mucanja). Članovi porodice, kao i sama pacijentkinja, negirali su značaj simptoma, čime se može tumačiti i odsustvo ranog tretmana. Zaključak. Nepovoljni uslovi psihološkog razvoja kao i porodična psihodinamika mogu biti objašnjenje za početak logopedskog tretmana tek u 24. godini, kao i za njegove nedovoljno dobre rezultate. Psihoterapija je indikovana kao deo integrativnog tretmana kod govornog poremećaja ove pacijentkinje

Identification of psychiatric and psychological predictors of medical nutrition therapy for obesty outcome

Gojaznost je hronično oboljenje sa značajnim nepovoljnim efektima na zdravlje, a broj gojaznih osoba u svetu dostigao je epidemijske razmere. Medicinska nutritivna terapija predstavlja terapiju izbora kod lečenja gojaznosti, ali je njena uspešnost ograničena. Praćena je značajnim procentom odustajanja kao i ponovnim dobijanjem na težini. Cilj ove studije je bio da se proceni da li psihijatrijski i specifični psihološki faktori mogu da utiču na uspešnost odnosno neuspešnost terapije. Metode: Studijom su obuhvaćene ukupno 84 žene predgojazne i gojazne I stepena starosne dobi 20 do 40 godina, koje su bile motivisane za medicinsku nutritivnu terapiju. Sve ispitanice su prošle individualno savetovanje i dobile dnevni nutritivno balansiran plan ishrane koji je podrazumevao kalorijsku restikciju od 300-500kcal u odnosu na procenjene dnevne energetske potrebe. Na početku studije primenjeni su upitnici: Lista simptoma od 90 pitanja (90-item Symptom Check-list) i Baratova skala impulsivnosti (Barratt Impulsiveness scale - BIS 11), Skala opštih stavova i verovanja (The General Attitude and Belief Scale - GABS 55), Upitnik frustracione netolerancije (The Frustration Discomfort Scale - FDS) kao i za ovu studiju dizajniran socio-demografski upitnik. Nakon 6 meseci primene kalorijski restriktivnog načina ishrane ponovljena su antropometrijska merenja. Ispitanice su podeljene u dve grupe: 40 ispitanica (48 %) koje su izgubile ≥ 10% od početne telesne mase (Uspešne) i druga od 44 ispitanice (52 %) koje su izgubile < 10% od početne telesne mase (Neuspešne). Rezultati. Nije bilo značajne razlike između grupa ispitanica u odnosu na sociodemografske karakteristike (godine života, stepen obrazovanja, zaposlenost, bračni status, navika pušenja, uzimanje alkohola), antropometrijske parametre na početku studije kao i u skoru opšte psihopatologije i dimenzija simptoma...Obesity is a chronic disease and health threatening condition. The numbers of obese people in the world have taken epidemic proportions. Medical nutritional therapy is the first choice in the treatment of obesity but it is also accompanied with a great percentage of attrition and a significant weight regain. The aim of our study was to evaluate if psychiatric and specific psychological factors could be the predictors of successful weight loss. Method. Study sample consisted of eighty four consecutive overweight/obese women, 20 to 40 years old, who were willing to adhere to medical nutrition therapy. All participants received a personalized nutritional counseling and daily balanced diet treatment with treatment with 300-500 caloric restriction from estimated daily energy requirement. At the beginning of the study 90-item Symptom Check-list (SCL-90), 30-item Barratt Impulsiveness scale (BIS-11), The General Attitude and Belief Scale (GABS 55), The Frustration Discomfort Scale - FDS as well as the questionnaire with socio-demographic data designed for this study were administrated. At the end of six months of caloric restriction conventional diet therapy and control weight measurement, patients were divided into two groups: 40 participants (48 %) who lost ≥10% of their initial body weight (Successful) and 44 participants (52 %) who lost <10% of their initial weight (Unsuccessful). Results. There were no significant differences between both groups in demographic data (age, level of education, employment, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption), baseline anthropometric parameters and general psychopathology as well as symptom dimensions. Successful group had higher levels of pshisical activity..

Higher degree of dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs and higher scores of frustration intolerance in women with unsuccessful weight loss

Background/Aim. Obesity is a chronic and relapsing condition, and since recently, it has been considered a global epidemic. Current guidelines for tripartite treatment of obesity emphasize a program of lifestyle modifications such as medical nutrition therapy, aerobic exercise, and behavioral intervention. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether specific psychological factors (general attitudes and beliefs and frustration tolerance) could be predictors of successful weight loss, i.e., factors that can be further addressed as part of the integrated therapy approach. Methods. A total of 84 consecutive overweight and obese female participants who were apparently healthy and homogeneous in age, level of education, and marital or employment status were prescribed the same medical nutrition therapy protocol as a single six-month therapeutic intervention. Prior to starting the therapy, the General Attitude and Belief Scale (GABS) and the Frustration Discomfort Scale (FDS) were administered. The participants were divided into two groups: successful (group A) and unsuccessful (group B). Group A, or the successful group [with the mean body mass index (BMI) ± standard deviation (SD) of 24.1 ± 5.81 kg/m2], consisted of 40 participants who have reached the corresponding loss, i.e., they lost ≥ 10% of the starting body weight (BW). Group B, or the unsuccessful group (with the mean BMI ± SD of 28.51 ± 2.74 kg/m2), consisted of 44 participants who have not reached the corresponding loss, i.e., they lost < 10% of the starting BW. Results. Participants in group B had significantly higher scores (p < 0.05) on the GABS subscales for the Need for Approval, Need for Comfort, and Other Downing. A statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.05) was shown for FDS subscales of Emotional Intolerance, Entitlement, and Achievement Frustration. Conclusion. Results of our study showed that participants who were unsuccessful in medical nutrition therapy had a higher degree of dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs and higher scores of frustration intolerance when compared to successful participants. The recommendation, based on our results, would be to include psychotherapeutic techniques in the integrative obesity treatment, aimed at cognitive changes and increasing frustration tolerance

Uticaj masti u obroku na masne kiseline u serumskim fosfolipidima i gojaznost životinja

Dietary fat and its relation to obesity has been a controversial issue for many years. Experimental data shows that most, though not all animals, which consume a high fat diet, will become obese. However, the effect of fatty acids on animal obesity has not been studied in detail. In order to evaluate the effects of low versus high fat diet on serum phospholipids fatty acids composition a 4-wk study was conducted on male Wister rats. The rats were fed low-fat (10% energy) and high-fat (46% energy) foods containing constant proportions of fatty acids. Control group C was fed a standard laboratory diet (polyunsaturated/ saturated (P/S) fatty ratio 1.3), group M was fed a standard laboratory diet supplemented with margarine (P/S ratio 0.95), and the diet of the SL group was additionally supplemented with a sunflower oil-lard (1:1) mixture (P/S ratio 1.3). All lipid supplemented hyperenergetic diets caused an increase in the average daily energy intake. Both the final and the daily body weight gain were significantly higher in M and SL groups than in group C. Additionally, serum triglyceride levels, LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol were also significantly higher in M and SL groups when compared to the control group. Serum phospholipids fatty acids varied in response to total dietary fat. A significant decrease in saturated fatty acids (SFA) content (16:0 and 18:0) and an increase in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content (18:1, n-9) was found in the M group when compared to both C and SL groups. In the SL group, SFA content (18:0) was higher and MUFA content (18:1, n-9) was lower than in group C. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content showed an increase in both experimental groups. The PUFA/SFA ratio was higher in the M group than in the C and SL groups. Our study suggests that the amount of dietary fat has a greater influence on obesity than the effects of the type of fat consumed. However, depending on the type of fat present in the diet the differences were observed in the composition of serum PL fatty acid suggesting that both total fat and individual fatty acids have to be considered when reaching conclusions about the effect of dietary fat and obesity in animals.Uticaj masnih kiselina u ishrani i njihov efekat na pojavu gojaznosti kod životinja je kontraverzno pitanje već dugi niz godina. Uticaj pojedinačnih masnih kiselina na pojavu gojaznosti kod životinja nije do sada detaljnije proučavan. Sa ciljem da se ispita efekat dijeta sa niskim ili visokim sadržajem masti na pojavu gojaznosti, izvršena su istraživanja na Wister pacovima u trajanju od 4 nedelje. Pacovi su hranjeni eksperimentalnim dijetama koje su sadržale standardan, nizak (10%) ili visok (46%) energetski unos poreklom od masti. Grupa kontrolnih životinja (C) je hranjena standardnom laboratorijskom dijetom (odnos polizasićenih/ zasićenih masnih kiselina/PUFA, P/S 1.3), grupa M sa standardnom dijetom sa dodatkom margarina (P/S 0.95) i grupa SL sa dijetom kojoj je dodata mešavina 1:1 suncokretovog ulja i masti (odnos P/S 1.3). Obe dijete (M i SL) su uzrokovale povećanje u prosečnom dnevnom energetskom unosu. U grupi M i SL, registrovano je značajno povećanje u telesnoj težini kontinuirano tokom eksperimenta. Nivo serumskih triglicerida, LDL kao i ukupnog holesterola su bili značajnije povećani u M i SL grupi u poređenju sa kontrolom. Promene u profilu serumskih masnih kiselina fosfolipida su zavisile od sastava masti u eksperimentalnoj dijeti. Kod eksperimentalnih životinja grupe M primećeno je značajno smanjene serumskih zasićenih masnih kiselina (SFA, 16:0 i 18:0) kao i porast monozasićenih masnih kiselina (MUFA, 18:1, n-9) u poređenju sa SL i C grupom. Odnos PUFA/ SFA je bio veći u M u odnosu na SL i C grupu. Rezultati naših istraživanja ukazuju da količina masti u ishrani životinja ima veći uticaj na porast telesne mase nego vrsta prisutne masnoće. Promene u sastavu serumskih masnih kiselina fosfolipida u odnosu na tip masti u eksperimentalnim dijetama ukazuju na ulogu pojedinačnih masnih kiselina u procesu nastajanja gojaznosti kod životinja i te mehanizme treba dalje istraživati

Opšta psihopatologija i impulsivnost kao pokazatelji potencijalnog ishoda medicinske nutritivne terapije kod predgojaznih i gojaznih žena

Background/Aim. Obesity is the chronic disease and health threatening condition. The number of obese people in the world has taken epidemic conditions. Medical nutritional therapy is the first choice in the treatment of obesity, but it is also accompanied with a great percentage of attrition and a significant weight regain. The aim of our study was to evaluate if psychiatric and specific psychological factors (impulsivity) could be the predictors of successful weight loss. Methods. A study sample consisted of 84 consecutive overweight/obesity women, 20 to 40 years old, who were willing to adhere to the medical nutrition therapy after the initial anthropometric measurements were performed. All participants received a personalized nutritional counseling and a daily diet treatment with 20% caloric restriction from estimated daily energy requirement. At the beginning of the study, the 90-item Symptom Check-list (SCL-90) and the 30-item Barratt Impulsiveness scale (BIS11) were administrated. At the end of six months of caloric restriction, the conventional diet therapy and control weight measurement, the patients were divided into two groups: the group I - 40 participants (48%) who lost ≥ 10% of their initial body weight (successful group) and the group II - 44 participants (52%) who lost lt 10% of their initial weight (unsuccessful). Results. There were no significant differences between groups in the demographic data (age, education level, employment, marital status), baseline anthropometric measurements, and in the general psychopathology total score. Groups I and II were significantly different in the total BIS-11 score (p lt 0.001) and in Factor II (motor impulsivity) (p lt 0.05). Conclusion. Even though the successful and unsuccessful diet responded participants did not differ in the general psychopathology and symptom dimensions, our results pointed out impulsivity as a discriminative factor between them. The total impulsivity and Factor II (motor impulsivity) as an indicator of binge eating were higher in the unsuccessfully responding overweight/obese women on the conventional diet treatment. A focus on impulsivity in a psychotherapeutic work might lead to better outcomes in the medical nutrition therapy.Uvod/Cilj. Gojaznost je hronično oboljenje sa značajnim nepovoljnim efektima na zdravlje, a broj gojaznih osoba u svetu dostigao je epidemijske razmere. Medicinska nutritivna terapija je terapija izbora, ali je njena uspešnost ograničena zbog značajnog procenta odustajanja, kao i ponovnog dobijanja na težini koje je prate. Cilj ove studije je bio da se proceni da li psihijatrijski i specifični psihološki faktori (impulsivnost) mogu biti pokazatelji pozitivnog ishoda lečenja. Metode. Studijom je bilo obuhvaćeno ukupno 84 predgojaznih i gojaznih žena životnog doba 20-40 godina, koje su bile motivisane za medicinsku nutritivnu terapiju. Sve ispitanice su prošle individualno savetovanje i dobile dnevni plan ishrane koji je podrazumevao kalorijsku restrikciju od 20% u odnosu na procenjene dnevne energetske potrebe. Na početku studije sprovedeno je antropometrijsko merenje i primenjene su Lista simptoma od 90 pitanja (90item Symptom Check-list) i Baratova skala impulsivnosti (Barratt Impulsiveness scale (BIS-11)). Nakon šest meseci primene kalorijski restriktivnog načina ishrane ponovljena su antropometrijska merenja. Ispitanice su podeljene u dve grupe: 40 ispitanica (48%) koje su izgubile ≥ 10% od početne telesne mase (uspešne) i 44 ispitanice (52%) koje su izgubile lt 10% od početne telesne mase (neuspešne). Rezultati. Nije bilo značajne razlike između grupa ispitanica u odnosu na demografske karakteristike (godine života, stepen obrazovanja, zaposlenost, bračni status) i antropometrijske parametre na početku studije, kao i na skor opšte psihopatologije i dimenzije simptoma. Statistički značajna razlika između uspešnih i neuspešnih predgojaznih/gojaznih ispitanica dobijena je za ukupni BIS-11 skor (p lt 0.001) i za Faktor II (motorna impulsivnost) (p lt 0.05). Zaključak. Ispitanice sa ponovljenim lošim odgovorom nisu se razlikovale po opštoj psihopatologiji od onih sa uspešnim odgovorom na nutritivnu terapiju. Naši rezultati ukazuju na impulsivnost kao mogući pokazatelj ishoda lečenja. Ukupna impulsivnost i motorna impulsivnost kao indikator povremenog impulsivnog prejedanja bili su viši u grupi predgojazih/gojaznih ispitanica koje nisu postigle terapijski cilj. Psihoterapijski rad na impulsivnosti možda bi mogao doprineti boljem ishodu medicinske nutritivne terapije

Odnos između parametara gojaznosti i vrednosti C-reaktivnog proteina kod predgojaznih i gojaznih žena

Background/Aim. Overweight/obesity has become important health problem in developed countries. It may be related to a presence of low-grade inflammation in white adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) and its relation to anthropometric parameters in overweight and obese females. Methods. This study included 200 apparently healthy, overweight and obese women (18-45 years). Their standard and alternative anthropometric parameters [body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat (%F), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body adiposity index (BAI)] were determined and correlated to serum CRP concentration. Results. Average CRP level was 5.56 ± 2.43 mg/L, and it significantly positively correlated to all investigated anthropometric parameters. There was significant difference between overweight and obese group in all investigated anthropometric parameters, as well as in CRP values. When investigated separately, according to BMI, values regarding obese females showed significant correlation between CRP and every investigated anthropometric parameter. In overweight subjects, no such correlation was recorded. In the obese group, all investigated parameters were significantly related to F. In overweight subjects, body weight (BW), BMI, WC and WHtR showed significant relation to F. Conclusion. The significant difference between the overweight and obese group in all parameters of central obesity was found as well as in the CRP levels. In the obese group, we found strong correlation between adiposity measured by fat percentage and parameters of central obesity, while in the overweight group WHR and BAI did not correlate to fat percentage. Our results confirmed that CRP is a valuable marker of metabolic risk in obese females, and BMI, although not so new, is still reliable parameter of adiposity.Uvod/Cilj. Prekomerna telesna masa i gojaznost postali su značajan zdravstveni problem u razvijenim zemljama, a mogu biti povezani sa prisustvom hronične inflamacije niskog intenziteta u belom masnom tkivu. Cilj rada bio je da se ispitaju nivoi markera inflamacije, C-reaktivnog proteina (CRP), i njegova povezanost sa standardnim antropometrijskim parametrima kod predgojaznih i gojaznih žena. Metode. Studijom je bilo obuhvaćeno 200 zdravih žena (18-45 god) kojima su određeni standardni i alternativni antropometrijski parametari [indeks telesne mase (BMI), procenat masti (%F), obim struka (WC), odnos obima struka i kukova (WHR), odnos obima struka i visine (WHtR), kao i indeks telesne masnoće (BAI)] koji su zatim korelisani sa koncentracijama CRP u serumu. Rezultati. Prosečna vrednost nivoa CRP u serumu u celoj grupi iznosila je 5,56 ± 2,43 mg/L i utvrđena je njegova značajna pozitivna korelacija sa svim ispitivanim antropometrijskim parametrima. Uočena je statistički značajna razlika između grupa predgojaznih i gojaznih žena u svim ispitivanim antropometrijskim parametrima, kao i u pogledu koncentracije CRP. U grupi gojaznih ispitanica utvrđena je značajna povezanost između CRP i svih antropometrijskih parametara, dok u predgojaznoj grupi nije zabeležena statistička značajnost. U grupi gojaznih, svi antropometrijski pokazatelji pokazali su značajnu korelaciju sa procentom telesne masti, a kod predgojaznih žena, korelacija je bila značajna samo za telesnu masu, BMI, WC i WHtR. Zaključak. Između predgojaznih i gojaznih ispitanica postoji značajna razlika u pogledu svih pokazatelja centralne gojaznosti, kao i u pogledu koncentacije CRP u serumu. U grupi gojaznih, pokazana je značajna korelacija između sadržaja masti, izraženog kao procenat masnoće, i svih pokazatelja visceralne distribucije masti, dok u grupi predgojaznih značajna povezanost nije urađena za WHR i BAI. Naši rezultati potvrđuju da CRP može predstavljati značajan marker metaboličkog rizika kod gojaznih žena, kao i da je BMI, iako spada u tradicionalne parametre, i dalje pouzdan pokazatelj sadržaja telesne masti

Mleko u ljudskoj ishrani - poređenje profila masnih kiselina

Milk and milk products are very important in human nutrition. Fatty acids (FA), which are the major component of milk lipids, have different effects on human health. The aim of this study was to determine and compare fatty acid composition of human milk, infant formula and cow's milk most often consumed in Serbian population. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. Our results showed that saturated FA were predominant in all types of milk, particularly in cow's milk with more than 70%. Monounsaturated oleic acid was significantly higher in human milk (36%) than in infants formula (30%) and cow's milk (26%). Although polyunsaturated FA content of cow's milk was very low (3.6%) compared with infant formula (15%) and human milk (19%), cow's milk had the most desirable n6/n3 ratio, and content of n-3 precursor α-linolenic acid. Low content of n-3 FA may be due to a relatively low consumption of marine foods in Serbian population. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are important in infant development and maintenance of overall human health, were detected only in human milk. These results suggest that human milk is the most desirable food in infants' nutrition, but low content of n-3 FA indicates that supplementation of lactating women with n-3 FA is highly recommendable.Mleko i mlečni proizvodi su od velikog značaja za ljudsku ishranu. Masne kiseline (MK), koje su glavna komponenta lipida mleka, imaju različite efekte na zdravlje. Iz tog razloga, cilj ove studije je bio da se odredi i uporedi sastav masnih kiselina u humanom mleku, formuli za ishranu novorođenčadi i kravljem mleku, koji se uobičajeno konzumiraju u Srbiji. Uzorci su analizirani gasnom hromatografijom. Naši rezultati su ukazali da su zasićene MK najzastupljenije u svim tipovima mleka, posebno u kravljem, gde čine više od 70% ukupnih MK. Mononezasićena oleinska kiselina bila je značajno zastupljenija u humanom mleku (36%) nego u formuli (30%) i kravljem mleku (26%). Mada su polinezasićene MK u kravljem mleku zastupljene u vrlo niskom procentu (3.6%) u poređenju sa formulom (15%) i humanim mlekom (19%), kravlje mleko je imalo najpoželjniji odnos n6/n3 MK, i sadržaj n-3 prekursora α-linoleinske kiseline. Nizak sadržaj n-3 MK u humanom mleku je posledica slabe zastupljenosti morskih plodova u ishrani u Srbiji. Dugolančane polinezasićene MK, koje su od izuzetnog značaja za razvoj novorođenčadi i očuvanje zdravlja uopšte, detektovane su samo u humanom mleku. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da je humano mleko najpoželjnija hrana za novorođenčad, ali nizak sadržaj n-3 MK ukazuje da je suplementacija dojilja preparatima n-3 MK veoma preporučljiva

Uticaj različitih kalorijskih ograničenja u ishrani na antropometrijske i kardiometaboličke faktore rizika kod predgojaznih i gojaznih žena

Background/Aim. Obesity is an established risk factor for numerous chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of well-balanced different caloric restriction (CR) diets on anthropometric parameters and standard biochemical cardiovascular risk markers [lipid profile, glucose homeostasis and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)] in overweight/obese females. Methods. Participants (age 20-40 years) were randomized into 3 different CR diet groups: the group I - restriction of 20% calories from baseline energy requirements, the group II - restriction of 50% calories from baseline energy requirements and the group III - alternating daily diets with 70%/30% restriction. The study lasted 42 weeks. Anthropometric parameters were measured at the start and after 4, 8, 20 and 42 weeks after dietary intervention beginning. Biochemical markers were determined at baseline and after 20 and 42 weeks from dietary restriction start. Results. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat (in %), in the different CR diet groups significantly decreased after 42 weeks. Body weight was less 11 kg in the group I and 12 kg in the groups II and III. WC was reduced by 11 cm in the groups I and III and by 10 cm in the group II. Different CR diets had the same effects on body fat (a reduction of 15% of body fat). Total cholesterol decreased by 7% in the group I and by 8% in the group III. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased by 14% in the group I and by 13% in group III. There were no significant changes in total and LDL-cholesterol levels in the group II. The atherogenic index presented as trigliceride/high density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio decreased by 0.22 in the group I, by 0.25 in the group II and by 0.32 in the group III. Various CR diets had the same effects on reducing the hs-CRP levels. Conclusion. Different CR diets with the same macronutrient content are equally effective in reducing body weight, WC and body fat, improve cardiometabolic risk factors and decrease level of proinflammatory hs-CRP in overweight/obese females.Uvod/Cilj. Gojaznost je faktor rizika od nastanka mnogih hroničnih bolesti. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita efekat dobro izbalansirane ishrane različitih kalorijskih ograničenja na antropometrijske parametare i standardne biohemijske kardiovaskularne markere rizika [(lipidni profil, homeostazu glukoze, visoko senzitivni C-reaktivni protein - high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)] kod predgojaznih/gojaznih žena. Metode. Ukupno 97 žena, između 20 i 40 godina starosti, konzumirale su uravnotežene, kalorijski različite restriktivne dijete, na sledeći način: I grupa (n = 37) - ograničenje 20% kalorija od osnovnih energetskih potreba; II grupa (n = 30) - ograničenje od 50% kalorija od osnovnih energetskih potreba i III grupa (n = 30) - naizmenična dnevna restrikcija od 70% i 30% kalorija od osnovnih energetskih potreba. Stepen uhranjenosti je određivan antropometrijskim merenjima na početku i nakon 4, 8, 20 i 42 nedelje od uvođenja dijeta. Biohemijski markeri analizirani su na početku i nakon 4, 8, 20 i 42 nedelje. Rezultati. Kalorijski različite restriktivne dijete dovele su do značajnog smanjena telesne mase, indeksa telesne mase (body mass index - BMI), obima struka (OS) i % telesne masti nakon tretmana od 42 nedelje. Telesna masa snižena je za 11 kg u grupi I, a za 12 kg u grupama II i III. Za 11 cm je smanjen OS u grupama I i III i za 10 cm u grupi II. Gubitak 15% ukupne telesne masti ostvaren je za sve vrste dijeta nezavisno od različitog kalorijskog unosa. Koncentracija ukupnog i (low density lipoprotein) holesterola (LDL-holesterola) snižena je za 7% i 14% u grupi I i za 8% i 13% u grupi III. Dijeta sa redukcijom kalorijskog unosa od 50% nije imala efekta na nivo ukupnog i lipoprotein niske gustine LDL-holesterola. Aterogeni indeks predstavljen kao odnos trigliceridi/lipoprotein visoke gustine (high density lipoprotein) - TG/HDL bio je manji za 0,22 u grupi I, za 0,25 u grupi II i za 0,32 u grupi III. Kalorijski različite restriktivne dijete dovele su do istog sniženja nivoa hs-CRP. Zaključak. Restriktivne vrste dijeta sa različitim kalorijskim unosom i sa istim procentom zastupljenosti makronutrijenata jednako su efikasne u smanjenju telesne mase, OS i % telesne masti, dovode do poboljšanja faktora kardiometaboličkog rizika i smanjenja proinflamatornog hs-CRP kod predgojaznih/gojaznih žena

Effects of different quantities of fat on serum and liver lipids, phospholipid class distribution and fatty acid composition in alcohol-treated rats

The present study investigated the quantitative effect of dietary fats and ingestion of alcohol on serum and liver lipids, fatty acid bound to phospholipids and their class distribution of male Wistar rats. The rats in C (control) and A (alcohol) groups were fed a standard laboratory diet, HFC (high fat-control) and HFA (high fat-alcohol) groups were fed a high fat diet (standard diet supplemented with 20 g%w/w, sunflower oil: lard mixture 1:1) for 6 wk. Alcohol-treated rats consumed alcohol at the rate of 9 g/kgbw/d (15-20% energy). Liver phospholipid (PL) content was decreased, and phospholipid/cholesterol liver molar ratio increased in the alcohol treated rats. The proportion of serum sphingophospholipid (Sph) was significantly lower and proportion of phosphatidylcholin (PC) significantly higher in serum PL in alcohol-treated rats. Phospholipid class distribution was unaffected by alcohol feeding in liver. Significantly lower levels of 16:1n-7 and higher levels of 20:5n-3 and 22:4n-6 in the serum PL were observed in the alcohol-treated rats. The groups on the HF diet increased levels of 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6 and total n-6, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)and decreased levels of 18:1n-9 and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)in both liver and serum PL, but n-3 fatty acid increased in serum PL and decreased in liver PL compared to groups on the standard diet. Alcohol fat interaction was evident in MUFA and PUFA/SFA in serum PL and n-6, MUFA, PUFA and polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratios (PUFA/SFA) in liver PL. This study showed that the high fat intake in alcohol-treated rats increased levels of 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6 and 20:4/18:2 ratio, and decreased level of 18:1n-9 in liver and serum phospholipids