Obsah ročníku

Obsah ročníku / Volume Content

"Preferred reading" of Legal Texts

In the 1970s, British cultural theorist Stuart Hall introduced a concept known as preferred reading. It combines the ideological influence of mass media and dominant ways of understanding any text. This article focuses on mass media as a source of ideological background or context of legal interpretation and of any reading of legal texts. Law operates in culture and culture represents limitations in the law, according to the needs of dominant ideology. Culture introduces structures of domination which manipulate law. An important role is also given to popular culture and mass culture. These parts of the culture industry create borders in which the recipients (audience) think of law. Through mass media – rather than through other channels – dominant ideology infiltrates law. Legal consciousness is formed by dominant cultural frames formed by dominant ideology. Through this formation of mass media, law becomes a commodity. It shares the same values or contents as that of cultural industry and is the place where the theory of preferred reading can be introduced. According to the aforementioned theory, there are methods of interpretation that are more accurate than others are. This is simply because they lead to a result that is more preferred by ‘common opinion’ disseminated by mass culture.V roce 1970, britský kulturní teoretik Stuart Hall představil koncept známý jako preferovaného čtení. Ten v sobě spojuje ideologický vliv masových médií a dominantní způsoby chápání jakéhokoli textu. Tento článek se zaměřuje masová média jako zdroj ideologického pozadí nebo kontextu právního výkladu. Právo působí v kultuře a kultura představuje omezení právo dle potřeb dominantní ideologie. Kultura vytváří struktury dominace, které manipulují právem. Důležitou roli také sehrává populární a masová kultura. Tyto části kulturního průmyslu vytváří hranice, ve kterých příjemci (publikum) uvažují o právu. Prostřednictvím masových médií - spíše než prostřednictvím jiných kanálů - dominantní ideologie infiltruje právo. Právní vědomí je tvořeno dominantními kulturními rámci vytvořenými dominantní ideologií. Prostřednictvím této formace vytvářené masovými médii se právo stává komoditou. Sdílí proto stejné hodnoty, nebo obsah jaké definuje kulturní průmysl. Proto lze i v právním kontextu uvažovat o tzv. preferovaném čtení. Proto lze identifikovat paradigmata výkladu, které jsou mnohem "použeitelnější" než jiné, protože vedou k očekávaným výsledkům. K výsledkům, které odpovídají očekávání masového publika.In the 1970s, British cultural theorist Stuart Hall introduced a concept known as preferred reading. It combines the ideological influence of mass media and dominant ways of understanding any text. This article focuses on mass media as a source of ideological background or context of legal interpretation and of any reading of legal texts. Law operates in culture and culture represents limitations in the law, according to the needs of dominant ideology. Culture introduces structures of domination which manipulate law. An important role is also given to popular culture and mass culture. These parts of the culture industry create borders in which the recipients (audience) think of law. Through mass media – rather than through other channels – dominant ideology infiltrates law. Legal consciousness is formed by dominant cultural frames formed by dominant ideology. Through this formation of mass media, law becomes a commodity. It shares the same values or contents as that of cultural industry and is the place where the theory of preferred reading can be introduced. According to the aforementioned theory, there are methods of interpretation that are more accurate than others are. This is simply because they lead to a result that is more preferred by ‘common opinion’ disseminated by mass culture

Sono utili i Translation Studies per la pratica della traduzione?

The starting point for the present contribution is that professional translators as well as editors tend to consider the theoretical debate on translation with mistrust. By looking at the translation process in its various phases, this paper aims to demonstrate how theory does, as a matter of fact, provide a 'meta-language' that can be of great help in the training of prospective translators, while at the same time offering useful tools for an evaluation of the translated text that goes beyond a merely impressionistic critique, based on individual taste. Furthermore, this paper discusses a number of theoretical concepts developed in the field of translation theory that can be of use to the translator's analytical work before, during, and after his/her activity of transcodification

A numerical solution of two selected shape optimization problems

This research report is a collection of two separate papers dealing with two different shape optimization problems. However, both problems, in spite of their completely different origins, lead to bilevel programming problems of a very similar structure. It has facilitated the usage of the same numerical approach in both cases and in fact, also the same difficulties have been observed. Therefore we have found it plausible to collect both papers in one report. The underlying numerical approach, based on existing nondifferentiable optimization methods, is explained in both papers on a different level of generality, whereas the second one enables to treat even more complicated problems. Therefore the readers interested in both papers are advised to start with the second one and then to skip Section 3 in the first one. The notation is essentially the same so that such a skipping should not lead to any confusion. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RO 7722(464) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

A numerical solution of two selected shape optimization problems

This research report is a collection of two separate papers dealing with two different shape optimization problems. However, both problems, in spite of their completely different origins, lead to bilevel programming problems of a very similar structure. It has facilitated the usage of the same numerical approach in both cases and in fact, also the same difficulties have been observed. Therefore we have found it plausible to collect both papers in one report. The underlying numerical approach, based on existing nondifferentiable optimization methods, is explained in both papers on a different level of generality, whereas the second one enables to treat even more complicated problems. Therefore the readers interested in both papers are advised to start with the second one and then to skip Section 3 in the first one. The notation is essentially the same so that such a skipping should not lead to any confusion. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RO 7722(464) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

A periferia do capitalismo e as teorìas do Estado e da Constituiçao

Il problema posto dal saggio di Bercovici si situa tra interpretazione effettiva della Costituzione e legittimità politica dello Stato. Il mutamento sociale ha dato come risultato un politico che ha reagito reprimendo le istanze di rinnovamento della società civile, trasformando implicitamente lo Stato occidentale in una “democrazia incerta”. Si tratta di una questione che si colloca al centro del problema della sovranità giuridica della Costituzione rispetto alle urgenze di risoluzione delle crisi economiche che attanagliano la società civile separandola sempre di più dalla realtà statuale