FOGYASZTÓI VÉLEMÉNYEK A BIO-SERTÉSHÚSRÓL, ILLETVE A SERTÉSHÚSFOGYASZTÃSRÓL

A magyarországi fogyasztók jelentÅ‘sebb része hallott ugyan a bio-sertés-húsról és automatikusan azonosítja is azt a mangalicahússal, ennek ellenére vá-sárlásai során nem találkozott még ilyen jellegű termékekkel. Ez a hazai piac sa-játossága. Az értékesítés több csatornán folyik, de a vásárlók nem rendelkeznek kellÅ‘ információval arról, hogy hol juthatnak bio-sertéshúshoz. (A bioboltok csak igen kis hányada forgalmaz ökológiai termelésbÅ‘l származó húst.) ElsÅ‘ feladat lehetne ezért a népszerűsítés, a megismertetés. Az egészséges táplálkozás fontossága mellett környezettudatos gondolkodásra szükséges „nevelni†az em-bereket. Ezután lehet fejleszteni az értékesítési csatornákat (direkt értékesítés, ökopiacok, bioboltok, „biosarkokâ€). Meg kell célozni e termékekkel az egészség-ügyi intézményeket, vendéglátó-ipari egységeket, értem ez alatt elsÅ‘sorban a manapság nagyon divatos „wellness intézményeketâ€. A válaszadók legtöbbje a friss tÅ‘kehúst vásárolják, ezt követik a konyhakész és a feldolgozott termékek. Ezen igényeknek megfelelÅ‘en kellene kialakítani a termékstruktúrát a biohúst forgalmazó boltokban, hogy a vásárló mindig megta-lálja azt, amire szüksége van, és az igényeit kellÅ‘képp kielégíti. A biotermékek elterjedését leginkább gátló tényezÅ‘ a magasabb ár. Ezt kom-penzálni lehetne bevezetÅ‘ akciós árakkal, és a házhoz szállítás szolgáltatásával, amellyel idÅ‘t és energiát takaríthatnak meg az emberek. Egyre inkább meghatározó az eladhatóság szempontjából a termék külsÅ‘ megjelenése. Alapkövetelmény az esztétikus külsÅ‘, ami viszont jelentÅ‘sen befo-lyásolja az árat. Kívánatos, hogy a természetes eredetű csomagolóanyagokat ré-szesítsék a feldolgozók elÅ‘nyben (pl. bélbe töltés töltelékes árunál). Létfontosságú, hogy a hazai termelÅ‘k minél gyorsabban és nagyobb arányban célozzák meg termékeikkel a magyar fogyasztói társadalmat, mert ismét arra eszmélhetnek, hogy „kiénekelték a sajtot a szájukbólâ€, a kicsit fürgébb, ru-galmasabb, a piacért áldozni is hajlandó külföldiek. Az ökológiai gazdálkodás térnyerése akkor várható, ha a termelÅ‘i, forgalma-zói, fogyasztói oldalon gyökeres szemléletváltozás következik be. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Although a significant section of Hungarian consumers have heard of biopork and automatically identify it with Mangalica (an old Hungarian pig species), they have not as yet seen such products during shopping. This is peculiar to the domestic market. Marketing occurs through several channels, but shoppers do not have the proper information where to acquire bio-pork. (Only a small ratio of bioshops merchandise ecologically produced meat.) A primary task could be the dissemination of information, popularisation. In addition to healthy eating people should also be “educated†about the importance of environment. Following this, marketing channels could be developed (direct merchandising, eco-market, biocorners). We should target health institutions and catering units, such as the fashionable “wellness institutionsâ€. The majority of responders buy fresh carcase meat and next kitchen ready and processed products. Product structure in bioshops should be constructed to satisfy these demands, so shoppers can always find the product meeting their demand. Higher price is a the factor that hinders most the spread of bioproducts. This can be to some extent compensated by introductory sales and home delivery that helps people to save time and energy. The outward appearance of a product is increasingly a factor that influences sale. An aesthetic appearance is a fundamental requirement that significantly affects price. The use of natural packaging materials is desirable (e.g. gut for stuffed goods). It is vital that as many domestic producers should target domestic consumers as soon as possible, or else small, more agile enterprising foreign producers will once again “sing the cheese out of their beaksâ€. The wider spread of ecofarming can only be expected when the approach of producers, merchants and consumers radically alter.ökológiai termelés, bio-sertéshús, fogyasztói vélemények, vásárlói szokások, ecological production, bio-pork, consumers’ views, shoppers’ behaviour, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing,

Gender difference in the effects of interleukin-6 on grip strength - a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Aging sarcopenia characterized by low muscle mass with low muscle strength affects men and women differently. The contribution of interleukin-6 (IL-6) to sarcopenia has been suggested based on a negative correlation between plasma IL-6 and muscle function described by some studies. However, no consensus regarding clinically relevant cut-off criteria has been reached. Another question arises whether pooling male and female data is an accurate way to determine the predictive value of IL-6 in sarcopenia. The present meta-analysis was designed to assess: (1) whether plasma IL-6 in aged populations in fact correlates negatively to muscle strength; (2) whether such a correlation exists both in men and in women; and (3) whether plasma IL-6 shows a gender difference in old age. METHODS: We applied the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA). We searched PubMed and Embase for papers that reported data on individuals over 65 without inflammatory diseases. We extracted either separate male and female data on plasma IL-6 along with at least one muscle parameter or correlation coefficient between plasma IL-6 and these parameters. Random effect models calculated with DerSimonian and Laird weighting methods were applied to analyze correlation coefficients and gender difference in plasma IL-6. Egger's test was used to assess the small study effect. RESULTS: Twenty articles out of 468 records identified were suitable for analyses. Plasma IL-6 correlates negatively with grip strength in mixed populations and also separately in men [- 0.25 with 95% confidence interval (CI): - 0.48, - 0.02] and in women (- 0.14 with 95% CI: - 0.24, - 0.03). However, contrary to expectations, men with better muscle condition have higher plasma IL-6 than women of similar age with worse muscle condition (plasma IL-6 male-female difference: 0.25 pg/mL with 95% CI: 0.15, 0.35). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate that a higher predictive IL-6 cut-off level should be determined for aging sarcopenia in men than in women

The quadrivalent HPV vaccine is protective against genital warts: a meta-analysis

The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been assumed to give protection against genital warts (GW) as well as cervical cancer. Our main question was whether HPV vaccine has any effects on the prevention of GW reported in randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and time-trend analyses.This meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines using the PICO format. We searched in three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Trials), and assessed heterogeneity using the Q-test and I-squared statistics, meta-regression was also performed. Odds ratios (OR) and their confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The sensitivity was tested by leave-one-out method. We evaluated the presence of publication bias using the funnel plot graph and the Copas selection model. The strength of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.Eight RCTs (per-protocol populations) and eight time-trend ecological studies were included in this meta-analysis. A significant reduction (pooled OR = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.09; I-squared = 53.6%) of GW in young women was recorded in RCTs, and in time-trend analyses both in young women (pooled OR = 0.36, CI 95% = 0.26-0.51; I-squared = 98.2%), and in young men (pooled OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.61-0.78; I-squared = 92.7%). In subgroup analysis, a significant reduction of the number of GW events was observed especially in women under 21 years (pooled OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.17-0.63). Leave-one-out analysis showed that similar results could be obtained after excluding one study, meta-regression did not show significant difference.Prophylactic, quadrivalent HPV vaccination can prevent GW in healthy women and men, therefore, it should be included in routine immunization programme

Noninvasive ventilation improves the outcome in patients with pneumonia-associated respiratory failure: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is beneficial in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but its effectiveness in pneumonia-associated respiratory failure is still controversial. In the current meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate whether the use of NIV before intubation in pneumonia improves the mortality and intubation rates of respiratory failure as compared to no use of NIV in adults.We searched three databases from inception to December 2019. We included studies, in which pneumonia patients were randomized initially into either NIV-treated or non-NIV-treated groups. Five full-text publications, including 121 patients, reported eligible data for statistical analysis.With NIV the overall hospital mortality rate seemed lower in patients with pneumonia-associated respiratory failure, but this was not significant [odds ratio (OR) = 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13-1.14; P = 0.085]. In the intensive care unit, the mortality was significantly lower when NIV was applied compared to no NIV treatment (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07-0.75; P = 0.015). NIV also decreased mortality compared to no NIV in patient groups, which did not exclude patients with COPD (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.08-0.74; P = 0.013). The need for intubation was significantly reduced in NIV-treated patients (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.09-0.53; P = 0.001), which effect was more prominent in pneumonia patient groups not excluding patients with pre-existing COPD (OR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.03-0.46; P = 0.002).NIV markedly decreases the death rate in the intensive care unit and reduces the need for intubation in patients with pneumonia-associated respiratory failure. The beneficial effects of NIV seem more pronounced in populations that include patients with COPD. Our findings suggest that NIV should be considered in the therapeutic guidelines of pneumonia, given that future clinical trials confirm the results of our meta-analysis.All data and materials generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request

Ultrafiltration is better than diuretic therapy for volume-overloaded acute heart failure patients: a meta-analysis

Studies on the effectiveness of ultrafiltration (UF) in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) have led to heterogeneous study outcomes. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of UF therapy in ADHF patients. We searched the medical literature to identify well-designed studies comparing UF with the usual diuretic therapy in this setting. Systematic evaluation of 8 randomized controlled trials enrolling 801 participants showed greater fluid removal (difference in means 1372.5 mL, 95% CI 849.6 to 1895.4 mL; p < 0.001), weight loss (difference in means 1.592 kg, 95% CI 1.039 to 2.144 kg; p < 0.001) and lower incidences of worsening heart failure (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.94, p = 0.022) and rehospitalization for heart failure (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.82, p = 0.003) without a difference in renal impairment (OR 1.386, 95% CI 0.870 to 2.209; p = 0.169) or all-cause mortality (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.71, p = 0.546). UF increases fluid removal and weight loss and reduces rehospitalization and the risk of worsening heart failure in congestive patients, suggesting ultrafiltration as a safe and effective treatment option for volume-overloaded heart failure patients

Lactose intolerance but not lactose maldigestion is more frequent in patients with irritable bowel syndrome than in healthy controls : A meta-analysis

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects 10%-20% of the adult population and is characterized by abdominal symptoms without relevant organic disease. There are numerous clinical trials available investigating the relationship between IBS, lactose maldigestion (LM), and lactose intolerance (LI), but there have been no meta-analyses on this topic yet. We aimed to assess the prevalence of LM, objective and subjective (self-reported) LI in IBS patients compared to healthy controls (HC) without IBS.A systematic literature search was conducted up to 24 April 2018 in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Adult IBS patients had to be diagnosed according to the Rome criteria or other well-defined criteria system. We enrolled controlled studies including healthy adult participants without IBS, as control group. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Altogether 14 articles were suitable for statistical analyses. IBS patients reported themselves significantly more frequently lactose intolerant than HCs (odds ratio [OR] = 3.499; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.622-7.551). Generally, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of LM based on ingested lactose dose (OR = 1.122; 95% CI = 0.929-1.356) and test type (OR = 1.156; 95% CI = 0.985-1.356). However, significantly more IBS patients had objective LI (OR = 2.521; 95% CI = 1.280-4.965).Lactose intolerance, but not LM is more frequent among patients with IBS compared to HCs. According to our results, IBS among other functional bowel disorders is a possible contributing factor of LI in people with LM

In middle-aged and old obese patients, training intervention reduces leptin level: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Leptin is one of the major adipokines in obesity that indicates the severity of fat accumulation. It is also an important etiological factor of consequent cardiometabolic and autoimmune disorders. Aging has been demonstrated to aggravate obesity and to induce leptin resistance and hyperleptinemia. Hyperleptinemia, on the other hand, may promote the development of age-related abnormalities. While major weight loss has been demonstrated to ameliorate hyperleptinemia, obese people show a poor tendency to achieve lasting success in this field. The question arises whether training intervention per se is able to reduce the level of this adipokine. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to review the literature on the effects of training intervention on peripheral leptin level in obesity during aging, in order to evaluate the independent efficacy of this method. In the studies that were included in our analysis, changes of adiponectin levels (when present) were also evaluated. DATA SOURCES: 3481 records were identified through searching of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library Database. Altogether 19 articles were suitable for analyses. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Empirical research papers were eligible provided that they reported data of middle-aged or older (above 45 years of age) overweight or obese (body mass index above 25) individuals and included physical training intervention or at least fitness status of groups together with corresponding blood leptin values. STATISTICAL METHODS: We used random effect models in each of the meta-analyses calculating with the DerSimonian and Laird weighting methods. I-squared indicator and Q test were performed to assess heterogeneity. To assess publication bias Egger's test was applied. In case of significant publication bias, the Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill algorithm was used. RESULTS: Training intervention leads to a decrease in leptin level of middle-aged or older, overweight or obese male and female groups, even without major weight loss, indicated by unchanged serum adiponectin levels. Resistance training appears to be more efficient in reducing blood leptin level than aerobic training alone. CONCLUSIONS: Physical training, especially resistance training successfully reduces hyperleptinemia even without diet or major weight loss

A centrális corticotropin rendszer életkorfüggő hatásai az energia háztartásban

During the past decades, prevalence of metabolic disorders increased dramatically in populations all over the world. Both energy excess (e.g. obesity) and deficit (e.g. cachexia, sarcopenia) are important worldwide challenges affecting more and more people. Due to unprecedented food abundance and technological progress in developed countries, overconsumption of calorie-rich food is combined with sedentary lifestyle, therefore obesity reached epidemic proportions in the modern world. In 2014 1.9 billion adults were overweight and, among them, 600 million were obese all over the world. This prevalence is constantly growing, by 2030 1.35 billion and 573 million individuals are projected to be overweight and obese [Kelly et al. 2008]. It is well-known, that obesity increases risk of a number of medical conditions including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, depression, certain cancers or respiratory disorders. It is interesting, that having lower or even normal body mass index (BMI) seems to be more harmful in the elderly than being overweight. One of the possible explanations of this phenomenon is the muscle loss (sarcopenia) in the elderly. Aging societies and increasing expected lifespan contribute to the rising occurence of aging anorexia leading to cachexia and/or sarcopenia. According to estimations more than 5-13% of people over 70 years of age are affected by sarcopenia. This common clinical problem is the precursor of several severe health problems, such as frailty, fractures, functional/physical disabilities, poor quality of life and premature death. The above mentioned abnormalities present considerable public health burdens with serious impact on health status and health cost. That makes it essential to achieve deeper understanding regarding the functions and mechanisms of healthy and pathological energy processes and it underlines the importance of research aimed at age-related alterations in energy metabolism

Efficiency analysis of a sheep farm

Our study shows an analysis of a sheep farm. The present farm was chosen for analysis due to the fact that it is run under special natural conditions and as for the sheep farming, it has quite a few non-typical features. These raise some economic issues, which have to be analysed, questions have to be answered that may result in useful conclusions. Since sheep farming does not seem to be able to overcome its difficulties on its own, the EU support system could give the initial step necessary for the success and would also help to sustain sheep farms. The amount of grant that is usual in the EU could provide for the sustainability of this sector, the relative safety of sales, the equal chances of the farms operating under different capabilities and if possible it could also reduce the fluctuation in the producers’ prices. In 2005 the farm could only apply for the single area payment and was not entitled to receive the grant based on the number of milk-ewe older than one year. This condition changed by 2006 and therefore they had access to those grants. In the following years if support funds could be used at a maximum level, the earning ability of the sector would change significantly. Since 2006 the available support funds can be requested from several sources for the above mentioned farm. If these sources can be assured for the farm it is also necessary to work out the professional conditions and efficiency and profitability shall be taken into consideration