A New Viscosity Equation For Bin Aqueous Solutions.

An equation for the viscosity of binary aqueous solutions has been derived based on the Power law equation and Erying's absolute rate theory. The concentration dependent equation for viscosities of binary aqueous systems is derived using additive contribution from water and solute component. The equation has sufficient degree of freedom to represent the' whole range of concentration. The equation has been applied to 12 nonelectrolyte aqueous systems and 10 electrolyte systems at various temperatures. An average absolute deviation percentage error' (AAD%) of 0.2856% is reported for electrolyte systems: For non-electrolyte systems an average AAD% of 0.7843% is reported. Overall, the equation is found to have yielded an AAD% of 0.5576%

A Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Protein, U274, is transported to the Cell Surface and undergoes Endocytosis

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome contains open reading frames (ORFs) that encode for several genes that are homologous to proteins found in all known coronaviruses. These are the replicase gene 1a/1b and the four structural proteins, nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), membrane (M), and envelope (E), and these proteins are expected to be essential for the replication of the virus. In addition, this genome also contains nine other potential ORFs varying in length from 39 to 274 amino acids. The largest among these is the first ORF of the second longest subgenomic RNA, and this protein (termed U274 in the present study) consists of 274 amino acids and contains three putative transmembrane domains. Using antibody specific for the C terminus of U274, we show U274 to be expressed in SARS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells and, in addition to the full-length protein, two other processed forms were also detected. By indirect immunofluorescence, U274 was localized to the perinuclear region, as well as to the plasma membrane, in both transfected and infected cells. Using an N terminus myc-tagged U274, the topology of U274 and its expression on the cell surface were confirmed. Deletion of a cytoplasmic domain of U274, which contains Yxx and diacidic motifs, abolished its transport to the cell surface. In addition, U274 expressed on the cell surface can internalize antibodies from the culture medium into the cells. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments also showed that U274 could interact specifically with the M, E, and S structural proteins, as well as with U122, another protein that is unique to SARS-CoV.Web of Scienc

Bioactivity, physical and chemical properties of MTA mixed with propylene glycol

AbstractObjective To investigate the physical (setting time, hardness, flowability, microstructure) and chemical (pH change, calcium release, crystallinity) properties and the biological outcomes (cell survival and differentiation) of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed using different proportions of propylene glycol (PG) and water.Material and Methods White MTA was mixed with different water/PG ratios (100/0, 80/20 and 50/50). Composition (XRD), microstructure (SEM), setting time (ASTM C266-13), flowability (ANSI/ADA 57-2000), Knoop hardness (100 g/10 s) and chemical characteristics (pH change and Ca2+ release for 7 days) were evaluated. Cell proliferation, osteo/odontoblastic gene expression and mineralization induced by MTA mixed with PG were evaluated. MTA discs (5 mm in diameter, 2 mm thick) were prepared and soaked in culture medium for 7 days. Next, the discs were removed and the medium used to culture dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) for 28 days. Cells survival was evaluated using MTS assay (24, 72 and 120 h) and differentiation with RT-PCR (ALP, OCN, Runx2, DSPP and MEPE) and alizarin red staining (7 and 14 days). Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc analysis (a=0.05).Results The addition of PG significantly increased setting time, flowability and Ca2+ release, but it compromised the hardness of the material. SEM showed that 50/50 group resulted porous material after setting due to the incomplete setting reaction, as shown by XRD analysis. The addition of PG (80/20 and 50/50) was not capable to improve cell proliferation or to enhance gene expression, and mineralized deposition of DPSC after 7 and 14 days as compared to the 100/0.Conclusion Except for flowability, the addition of PG did not promote further improvements on the chemical and physical properties evaluated, and it was not capable of enhancing the bioactivity of the MTA

Riverine sustainment 2012

Student Integrated ProjectIncludes supplementary materialThis technical report analyzed the Navy's proposed Riverine Force (RF) structure and capabilities for 2012. The Riverine Sustainment 2012 Team (RST) examined the cost and performance of systems of systems which increased RF sustainment in logistically barren environments. RF sustainment was decomposed into its functional areas of supply, repair, and force protection. The functional and physical architectures were developed in parallel and were used to construct an operational architecture for the RF. The RST used mathematical, agent-based and queuing models to analyze various supply, repair and force protection system alternatives. Extraction of modeling data revealed several key insights. Waterborne heavy lift connectors such as the LCU-2000 are vital in the re-supply of the RF when it is operating up river in a non-permissive environment. Airborne heavy lift connectors such as the MV-22 were ineffective and dominated by the waterborne variants in the same environment. Increase in manpower and facilities did appreciable add to the operational availability of the RF. Mean supply response time was the biggest factor effecting operational availability and should be kept below 24 hours to maintain operational availability rates above 80%. Current mortar defenses proposed by the RF are insufficient.N

A RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE ACCURACY OF COMPUTER ASSISTED MANDIBULAR RECONSTRUCTION WITH FREE FIBULAR FLAPS TO RECONSTRUCT MANDIBULAR DEFECTS FOLLOWING ABLATIVE TUMOUR THERAPY IN A SINGLE CENTRE

Master'sMASTER OF DENTAL SURGER

Recovery of Bearings and Distances for Internal Lots From Cadastral Perimeter Survey Data: Case Studies in Several States of Peninsular Malaysia

A study is being carried out to investigate the most appropriate way of determining the missing bearings and distances for internal cadastral lots where the boundary lines are mainly represented on the certified plans (CPs) by scaled distances only. A computer program has been written to compute the bearing and distance for the related lines using the perimeter of the lots which were defined by second class surveys. The computed bearings and distances were later used to re-compute the area of the internal lots and compared with areas given by the certified plans. Results from test computations which has been carried out in selected areas in several states of Peninsular Malaysia indicate that the average differences between the computed and certified areas for the internal lots is less than 1%. Further efforts are being made so that the differences could be well distributed and mirlimized within the area specified by the perimeters

Behaviour of reinforced concrete columns strengthened by external means

179 p.A literature review of different techniques of strengthening and repair of concrete columns was carried out. In this project, sixteen columns were tested to investigate the strengthening of columns using external straps. The straps were made from steel channels and the columns were subjected to only axial loads. It was found that such technique of laterally confining the column produced almost no significant change in initial axial stiffness. The strength of the concrete was increased but only marginally.DRF 1A/9

Public's perception of the bus service standards in Singapore.

This report seeks to assess the service quality standards of Singapore's public bus services from a commuter's perspective and compares the performance of SBS Transit and TIBS, using the SERVQUAL model. Recommendations for improvements to the service providers are also suggested