Characterization of thermal oxide films formed on a duplex stainless steel by means of confocal-Raman microscopy and electrochemical techniques

In this work oxide films have been developed on the surface of a duplex stainless steel (UNS 1.4462) using high temperature confocal microscopy to follow their growth. The characteristics of these oxide films have been analyzed by means of weight-gain measurements, Raman microscopy and electrochemical techniques, namely potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show an increase in the amount of oxides (particularly γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) with temperature. Regarding the electrochemical properties of these films, the corrosion resistance of the film tends to be lower with the heat treatment temperature, probably due to a more porous and heterogeneous scale. Mott–Schottky plots show the n-type semiconductive behavior of the films with donor densities that decrease with the enhancement of the temperature.We wish to express our gratitude to MICINN (CTQ2009-07518) (UPVO8-3E-012), to Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (CEI-01-11), to the Generalitat Valenciana for its help in the CLSM acquisition (MY08/ISIRM/S/100), and to Dr. Asuncion Jaime for her translation assistance.Sánchez Tovar, R.; Leiva García, R.; García Antón, J. (2015). Characterization of thermal oxide films formed on a duplex stainless steel by means of confocal-Raman microscopy and electrochemical techniques. Thin Solid Films. 576:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.12.024S11057

A redevelopment plan for the town of Churchill, Manitoba

The purpose of the redevelopment plan is to provide a practical means by which blight in residential and commercial areas can be eliminated, and a new environment constructed which will provide for the health, safety, welfare and general well-being of all its inhabitants. To prepare the redevelopment plan for the Town of Churchill, Manitoba, it was necessary to examine the historical background, population, economy, present conditions, and also the climatic extremes experienced in the region. With careful study and due consideration given to the information obtained about the various factors listed above, and with the guidance of good planning principles, the plan of redevelopment for the town was designed