Attitude scale towards Game and Physical Activities course of class teacher candidates: Validity and reliability studySınıf öğretmeni adaylarının Oyun ve Fiziksel Etkinlikler dersine yönelik tutum ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

The aim of this study; is to develop a valid and reliable measuring tool to be used by classroom teacher candidates to determine their attitudes towards game and physical activity lessons. In the study a mixed model in which quantitative and qualitative models are used together is used. In the qualitative part of the research, there is the process of scanning the area literature and forming the item pool. The quantitative part included the validity and reliability procedures of SPSS 24 package program and Lisrel 8.8 program. As a result of the analysis applied to the data set obtained, a three factor structure consisting of 19 items was obtained. Factor 1 consists of items 1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19 and has a variance ratio of 39,31 and Cronbach Alpha: 0,88. Factor 2 consists of items 20, 21, 22, 23, 25  and has a variance ratio of 8,28 and Cronbach Alpha: 0,79. Factor 3 consists of items 24, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35  and has a variance ratio of 7,48 and Cronbach Alpha: 0,89. The total variance ratio explained by the scale is 55.07% of the total Cronbach Alpha value: 0,78 According to confirmatory factor analysis, the result of standard adaptation indices is satisfied. As a result; According to the findings of the analysis, it can be said that scale is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the attitudes of class teachers towards game and lessons. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.  ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının Oyun ve Fiziki Etkinlikler dersine yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın evrenini 2017-2018 yılında Gazi Üniversitesi ve Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakülteleri’nde öğrenim gören sınıf öğretmeni adayları oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemini ise seçkisiz olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden  tabakalı örnekleme yöntemine göre belirlenen 528 sınıf öğretmeni adayı oluşturmaktadır.   Araştırmada, nicel ve nitel modellerin birlikte kullanıldığı karma model benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın nitel bölümünde, alan yazın taraması ve madde havuzunun oluşturulmasına ilişkin işlemler yer almıştır. Nicel bölümünde ise SPSS 24. Paket program ve Lisrel 8.8 programında yapılan geçerlik ve güvenirlik işlemleri yer almıştır. Elde edilen veri setine uygulanan analizler sonucunda toplamda 19 maddeden oluşan üç faktörlü bir yapı elde edilmiştir. 1. Faktör, 1., 12., 13., 14., 15., 19. maddelerden oluşmakta ve açıkladığı varyans oranı 39,31 ve Cronbach Alpha: 0,88’dir.  2. Faktör, 20., 21., 22., 23., 25. maddelerden oluşmakta ve  açıkladığı varyans oranı 8,28 ve Cronbach Alpha: 0,79’dur. 3. Faktör, 24., 28., 29., 31., 32., 33., 34.,36. maddelerden oluşmakta ve açıkladığı varyans oranı 7,48 ve  Cronbach Alpha: 0,89’dur. Ölçeğin açıkladığı toplam varyans oranı % 55,07 toplam Cronbach Alpha değeri ise 0,78dir. Yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizine göre standart uyum indekslerinin karşılandığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; elde edilen analiz bulguları geliştirilen ölçeğin Oyun ve Fiziki Etkinlikler dersine yönelik sınıf öğretmenlerinin tutumlarını ölçmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğuna kanıt oluşturmaktadır

THE ATTITUDES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TOWARDS SPORTS: ATTITUDE AND METAPHORICAL PERCEPTION

The reactions and values that individuals possess towards objects or situations reflect their attitudes. A metaphor is to describe a situation or object by establishing an analogy to another situation or object. The aim of this study is to examine the attitudes and perceptions of undergraduate students studying at various faculties towards sports. The present study, in which a mixed method design was used, was conducted with undergraduate students of Gazi University in the 2017-2018 academic year. In this context, the sample of the study was comprised of a total of 481 (241 female, 240 male) undergraduate students studying at various departments, such as Physical Education Teaching, Banking and Insurance, Political Science and Public Administration, Law, Statistics, Finance, Chemical Engineering, Banking, Conservatory, and Psychological Counseling and Guidance (PCG). Data collection tools were "Demographic Information Form" developed by the researchers, "The Sports-Oriented Attitude Scale" developed by Koçak (2014), and "semi-structured form" prepared by researchers to collect qualitative data. In the analysis of the data, frequency, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation values were calculated and t-test and ANOVA were applied to the quantitative data. Besides, content analysis was applied to the qualitative data. Significant positive correlations were found between the subdimensions of the attitudes of university students towards sports and age. It was found that the subdimensions of the attitudes toward sports showed significant differences in favor of female participants, and the subdimensions of psychosocial development and mental development were found to be significantly different in favor of the students’ of departments of teaching. There were significant positive correlations between the subdimensions of the attitudes of university students towards sports and age. In the context of the qualitative data of the study, it was discovered that metaphors obtained from the participants were found to be clustered under the categories as life source, benefit provider, value, food, delighting, professional association, nature, addiction, and necessity. It was concluded that the attitudes of university students towards sports were moderate. It was also determined that metaphors for sports were often composed of positive ones.  Article visualizations

THE DIGITAL GAMING ATTITUDE SCALE (DGAS): A Reliability and Validity Study

In this study, it is aimed to develop a tool that can measure attitudes of university students towards digital gaming in a valid and reliable way. 368 university students studying at Gazi University Faculty of Sports Sciences in the 2018-2019 academic year participated in the study. In this study, a mixed design, integrating qualitative and quantitative research designs, was used. In the qualitative step of the study, students were asked about digital gaming, and item pooling was conducted. In the quantitative step, reliability and validity studies were conducted by using SPSS 23 and Lisrel 8.8 programs. According to Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), a structure with three sub-scales consisting of 18 items was obtained. The scale consists of Cognitive (5 items), Affective (5 items) and Behavioral (8 items) sub-scales. Following exploratory factor analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed and an evidence was obtained that fit indices of the scale obtained according to CFA were within the acceptable range. Subsequently, item and reliability analyses were conducted for the scale. In this context, the total variance ratio explained by the scale is 65.11% and Cronbach's Alpha is .82. Overall, it was found that the Digital Gaming Attitude Scale is a tool that can accurately and reliably measure participants' attitude towards digital gaming

Athlete’s Anxiety to Catch the Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) Scale (AACNCS): Validity and reliability study: Sporcuların Yeni Tip Koronavirüse (Covid-19) Yakalanma Kaygısı Ölçeği (SYTKYKÖ): Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

Quantitative research model was used in the study, which aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to measure the level of anxiety of catching novel coronavirus (Covid-19). A total of 356 athletes participated in the study consisting of two study groups. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to determine the construct validity of the scale. As a result of the EFA, it was seen that ACNCS explained 57.80 of the total variance, the scale items were collected in two factors as individual anxiety and socialization anxiety and that the scale was composed of 16 items. The conformity of the structure determined with EFA to the sample data was tested with CFA and it was determined that the fit indices resulting from EFA confirm the two-factor structure obtained in EFA. In line with the internal consistency analysis and test-retest analysis conducted to test the reliability of ACNCS, it was determined that the scale has a highly reliable and time-stable structure. Within the scope of item analysis, 27% lower-upper group score differences were found to be significant and the total test correlation values of the item varied between .56 and .78. As a result of all these analyses, Anxiety of Catching Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) Scale was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Yeni tip koronavirüse (Covid-19) yakalanma kaygısı düzeyini ölçecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracının geliştirilmesinin amaçlandığı araştırmada nicel araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. İki çalışma grubundan oluşan araştırmaya toplam 356 sporcu katılmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini saptamak için, açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ile doğrulayıcı faktör analizinden (DFA) yararlanılmıştır. AFA sonucunda YTKYKÖ’nün toplam varyansın 57,80’ini açıkladığı, ölçek maddelerinin bireysel kaygı ve sosyalleşme kaygısı olmak üzere iki faktörde toplandığı ve ölçeğin 16 maddeden oluştuğu görülmüştür. AFA ile belirlenen yapının örneklem verisine uygunluğu DFA ile test edilmiş ve DFA sonucu ortaya çıkan uyum indekslerinin AFA’da elde edilen iki faktörlü yapıyı doğruladığı saptanmıştır. YTKYKÖ’nün güvenirliğini test etmek amacıyla yapılan iç tutarlılık analizi ve test tekrar test analizi doğrultusunda, ölçeğin yüksek düzeyde güvenilir ve zamana karşı kararlı bir yapıya sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Madde analizleri kapsamında % 27’lik alt-üst grup puan farkları anlamlı bulunmuş ve madde toplam test korelasyon değerlerinin ,56 ile ,78 arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Tüm bu analizler sonucunda Yeni Tip Koronavirüse (Covid-19) Yakalanma Kaygısı Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu tespit edilmiştir

Whole-of-school physical activity implementation in the context of the Dubai Fitness Challenge

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) promotion among school-aged youth is a global health priority. Recommendations for such promotion include implementing whole-of-school approaches that maximize resources across the school environment. This study examined schools’ participation in an annual, government-led, and emirate-wide initiative in Dubai, called the Dubai Fitness Challenge, in which the goal is to accrue 30 minutes of PA every day for 30 days (as such, the initiative is colloquially referred to as “Dubai 30x30”). Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed for this study. Three schools were recruited using convenience sampling. Participants were 18 physical education teachers, 20 classroom teachers, 2 principals and 45 students. Data sources included surveys, focus groups, and interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, and open and axial coding to develop themes. Results: School staff reported that most Dubai 30x30 activities were provided in physical education, at break times during school, and before and after school. Students reported that they mainly participated in Dubai 30x30 activities during physical education and occasionally participated in activities after school and on weekends. During school, students were more likely to reach higher PA intensity levels when they were in contexts other than the regular classroom setting. Among school staff, physical education teachers were most involved and classroom teachers were least involved in promoting Dubai 30x30. Parent engagement was high. Staff perceived that Dubai 30x30 brought the community together, but physical education teachers also indicated there was a lack of implementation guidance and they felt burdened. Participants believed Dubai 30x30 increased PA participation and helped to promote their schools. Discussion: This study provides an initial glimpse into schools’ participation in Dubai 30x30 and suggests that a whole-of-school PA lens is useful in gleaning information that could help to increase and optimize PA opportunities for students

Motivation Scale For Participation In Physical Activity (MSPPA): A study of validity and reliabilityFiziksel Aktiviteye Katılım Motivasyonu Ölçeği (FAKMÖ): Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to measure the motivation of high school students to participate in physical activity. In the study, the relevant literature was searched and focus group interview was made with three different groups composed of 8 high school students, and an item pool with 55-item was created considering the opinions of experts. After the expert opinions were received, necessary corrections were made on the test form and applied to 308 high school students attending Ödemiş Anatolian High School and Ödemiş Ticaret Odası Anatolian High School in Ödemiş, İzmir in 2016-2017 academic year. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the form, which is formed by 16 items and 3 sub-dimensions, accounts for 54.69% of the total variance. In the result of the CFA, the values of fit indices were examined and it was seen that the 3 factorial structure of the scale consisting of 16 items was confirmed as a model. The scale was found to be reliable according to Cronbach's Alfa internal consistency tested to determine the reliability of the scale and the Spearman Brown two-tailed reliability coefficient values. As a result, it was concluded that the "Motivation Scale For Participation In Physical Activity (MSPPA)" is valid and reliable.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, lise öğrencilerinin fiziksel aktiviteye katılım motivasyonlarını ölçebilmek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Çalışmada ilgili literatür taranmış, üç farklı gruptan oluşan 8’er lise öğrencisi ile odak grup görüşmesi yapılmış ve uzman görüşleri göz önünde bulundurularak 55 maddelik bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Uzman görüşleri alındıktan sonra denemelik form üzerinde gerekli düzeltmeler yapılmış ve 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında İzmir ili Ödemiş ilçesinde Ödemiş Anadolu Lisesi ve Ödemiş Ticaret Odası Anadolu Lisesi’nde öğrenimine devam eden 308 lise öğrencisine uygulanmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda, 16 madde ve 3 alt boyuttan oluştuğu tespit edilen form, toplam varyansın %54,69’unu açıklamaktadır. Yapılan DFA sonucunda da uyum indeks değerlerine bakılmış ve 16 maddeden oluşan ölçeğin 3 faktörlü yapısının bir model olarak doğrulandığı görülmüştür. Ölçeğin güvenirliğini belirlemek için test edilen Cronbach-Alfa iç tutarlık ve Spearman Brown iki yarı güvenirlik katsayı değerlerine göre ölçeğin güvenilir olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, “Fiziksel Aktiviteye Katılım Motivasyonu Ölçeği (FAKMÖ)” nin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır