Relationship among expression of basic-fibroblast growth factor, MTDH/Astrocyte elevated gene-1, adenomatous polyposis coli, matrix metalloproteinase 9,and COX-2 markers with prognostic factors in prostate carcinomas

Background: The etiopathogenesis of prostate cancer (PC) is still not clear, but hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors are thought to play a role in the tumor pathogenesis. Astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1) as a novel transmembrane protein is predominantly located in the perinuclear region and endoplasmic reticulum. It has been found that AEG-1 upregulation increases the invasive ability of glioma and prostate cancer. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) are very important in tumor progression as well. Materials and Methods: This study included 97 radical prostatectomy specimens. IHC stains for bFGF, MMP-9, COX-2, APC, and AEG-1 were performed on the tissue microarray using standard procedures. For each patient, the age, Gleason score, tumor volume, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, surgical margin, and the invasion of vesiculoseminalis areas were assessed. Analyses were performed using the statistical PASW (ver. 18). Results: Statistically significant positive relationships were found MMP-9 and COX-2 (r = 0.242 and P = 0.017), between MMP-9 and APC (r = 0.207 and P = 0.043), and between bFGF and AEG-1 (r = 0.295 and P = 0.004). However, the relationships between age and staining results and tumor volume and staining results were not found to be significant. Although a positive correlation was found between the Gleason score and tumor volume and the Gleason score and age (r = 0.415 and P = 0.0001; r = 0.246 and P = 0.015, respectively), we did not find a statistically significant relationship between other stains and other prognostic parameters (lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, surgical margin, or vesiculoseminalis invasion). Conclusion:The relationships we found between MMP-9 and COX-2, between MMP-9, and APC and between bFGF and AEG-1 as independent prognostic parameters could be helpful in the development of new therapeutic procedures.Keywords: Adenomatous polyposis coli, astrocyte elevated gene‑1, basic fibroblast growth factor, cyclooxygenases‑2, matrix metalloproteinase‑9, prognostic parameters, prostate adenocarcinomasNigerian Journal of Clinical Practice • Oct-Dec 2013 • Vol 16 • Issue

A four-dimensional {\Lambda}CDM-type cosmological model induced from higher dimensions using a kinematical constraint

A class of cosmological solutions of higher dimensional Einstein field equations with the energy-momentum tensor of a homogeneous, isotropic fluid as the source are considered with an anisotropic metric that includes the direct sum of a 3-dimensional (physical, flat) external space metric and an n-dimensional (compact, flat) internal space metric. A simple kinematical constraint is postulated that correlates the expansion rates of the external and internal spaces in terms of a real parameter {\lambda}. A specific solution for which both the external and internal spaces expand at different rates is given analytically for n=3. Assuming that the internal dimensions were at Planck length scales when the external space starts with a Big Bang (t=0), they expand only 1.49 times and stay at Planck length scales even in the present age of the universe (13.7 Gyr). The effective four dimensional universe would exhibit a behavior consistent with our current understanding of the observed universe. It would start in a stiff fluid dominated phase and evolve through radiation dominated and pressureless matter dominated phases, eventually going into a de Sitter phase at late times.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures; matches the version published in General Relativity and Gravitatio

Over restrictive elimination of foods in children with foodallergy

Background. Previous studies demonstrated critical deficits in diagnosis and management of childhood foodallergy (FA), and recent developments in FA research support adopting a proactive approach in FA management.Our objective was to describe FA knowledge and management patterns of pediatricians.Method. We applied a 24-item survey to 170 general pediatricians, pediatric allergists and pediatricgastroenterologists practicing in Turkey.Results. Some IgE-mediated symptoms of FA such as cough, urticaria, wheezing and anaphylaxis were falselyrecognized as symptoms of non-IgE-mediated FA by 30%, 29%, 25% and 19% of the participants, respectively.By contrast, 50% of the participants falsely recognized bloody stool, a finding of IgE-mediated FA. Mostfrequently and least frequently used diagnostic tools were specific IgE (30.5%) and oral food challenge test(1.7%), respectively. Maternal diet restrictions and infant diet restrictions were advised by 82% and 82%,respectively. Percentages of physicians eliminating only 1 food were 21%, 19%; 2 foods were 15%, 11%; 3 foodswere 7%, 8%; 4-5 foods were 8%, 11%; 5 to 10 foods were 21%, 26%; and >10 foods were 28%, 25% from thematernal and infant diet, respectively. Cow’s milk, cheese, butter, yoghurt, baked milk products and hen’s eggwere the most commonly restricted items.Conclusion. Overall, FA knowledge of pediatricians was fair. Pediatricians utilize an overly restrictive approachwhen advising diet eliminations in FA. Recent developments favor a more proactive approach to induce immunetolerance and need to be encouraged in pediatric clinical practice. Future educational efforts should focus onemphasizing the deleterious effects of injudicious and extensive eliminations

Secret Sharing over Fast-Fading MIMO Wiretap Channels

Secret sharing over the fast-fading MIMO wiretap channel is considered. A source and a destination try to share secret information over a fast-fading MIMO channel in the presence of a wiretapper who also makes channel observations that are different from but correlated to those made by the destination. An interactive authenticated unrestricted public channel is also available for use by the source and destination in the secret sharing process. This falls under the "channel-type model with wiretapper" considered by Ahlswede and Csiszar. A minor extension of their result (to continuous channel alphabets) is employed to evaluate the key capacity of the fast-fading MIMO wiretap channel. The effects of spatial dimensionality provided by the use of multiple antennas at the source, destination, and wiretapper are then investigated.Comment: Revision submitted to EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Special Issue on Wireless Physical Layer Security, Sept. 2009. v.3: Fixes to proofs. Matthieu Bloch added as co-author for contributions to proof

The gradient flow running coupling with twisted boundary conditions

We study the gradient flow for Yang-Mills theories with twisted boundary conditions. The perturbative behavior of the energy density $\langle E(t)\rangle$ is used to define a running coupling at a scale given by the linear size of the finite volume box. We compute the non-perturbative running of the pure gauge $SU(2)$ coupling constant and conclude that the technique is well suited for further applications due to the relatively mild cutoff effects of the step scaling function and the high numerical precision that can be achieved in lattice simulations. We also comment on the inclusion of matter fields.Comment: 27 pages. LaTe

Minimally invasive treatment of patients with bronchobiliary fistula: a case series

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Bronchobiliary fistula is an uncommon complication secondary to hepatobiliary surgery. Bilioptysis is a pathognomic finding for bronchobiliary fistulas. Diagnosis may be easily established in the light of clinical history, which can be aided by imaging studies to pinpoint the exact location. Some diagnostic procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatectomy are also useful for treatment.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present three Turkish patients with bronchobiliary fistula secondary to previous hepatic surgery due to hydatid cyst in two, a 19-year-old and a 47-year-old man, and iatrogenic trauma of the common bile duct by endoscopy in a 35-year-old man. All of the patients were successfully treated by minimally invasive methods including percutaneous drainage and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We suggest that bronchobiliary fistula could be managed through conservative treatment methods which do not require in-hospital follow-up, particularly in uncomplicated cases. Otherwise, surgical management can be unavoidable.</p

Cerium (IV) Oxide Reinforced Lithium-Borotellurite Glasses: A Characterization Study Through Physical, Optical, Structural and Radiation Shielding Properties

The purpose of this study was to characterize the structural, optical, and physical properties of various kinds of glasses based on the 50TeO2–30B2O3-(20-x)Li2O-xCeO2 system (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20). Consequently, ten glass samples were produced by melting-annealing. Calculations of the densities of the synthesized glasses were performed using the Archimedes technique. The sample's structural, optical, physical, and radiation interaction properties were determined using XRD analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and advanced modelling techniques with FLUKA code, yielding optical band gap, refractive index, and Urbach energy values. By increasing the CeO2 reinforcement from 0 to 20 mol %, the glass densities rose from 4.0614 to 4.7519 g cm−3. The transmittance spectra of TBLC glasses were found in the range of 200–1100 nm. Our findings showed that the lowest Urbach energy belonged to the TBLC1 sample, and the highest Urbach energy belonged to the TBLC20 sample. When the CeO2 ratio was raised, the optical transmittance and absorption characteristics changed nearly monotonically, suggesting that these qualities may be calculated and controlled using the CeO2 additive, as shown in this experiment. By substituting CeO2 for Li2O inside the structure, it was possible to substantially enhance the optical band gap. Additionally, at simulated energies greater than 0.02 MeV, the gamma-ray linear attenuation coefficient rises monotonically with CeO2 reinforcement. Consequently, linear attenuation coefficients were reported as 125.843 cm−1, 127.601 cm−1, 129.211 cm−1, 132.312 cm−1, 135.166 cm−1, 138.705 cm−1, 141.288 cm−1, 156.690 cm−1, 172.393 cm−1, 186.811 cm−1 for TBLC0, TBLC0.5, TBLC1, TBLC2, TBLC3, TBLC4, TBLC5, TBL10, TBLC15 and TBLC20 at 0.015 MeV, respectively. It can be concluded that combination of high-concentration CeO2 and TeO2–B2O3 glass is an excellent synergetic tool for combining structural, optical, and radiation properties when combined with other materials. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.The research activity is supported by Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Scientific Research Council with grant number 202019D20

Diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes in nuclear medicine: Determination of gamma-ray transmission factors and safety competencies of high-dense and transparent glassy shields

We present the findings of an extensive examination on newly designed CdO-rich and transparent glass shields for nuclear medicine facilities in lieu of traditional and unfavorable materials, such as lead and concrete. Gamma-ray transmission factors of newly designed glass shields are determined using a variety of diagnostic, therapeutic, and research radioisotopes, including 67Ga, 57Co, 111In, 201Tl, 99mTc, 51Cr, 131I, 58Co, 137Cs, 133Ba, and 60Co. A general-purpose Monte Carlo code MCNPX (version 2.7.0) is used to determine the attenuation parameters of different material thicknesses. Next, the findings are compared using a standard concrete shielding material. The results indicate that adding more CdO to the glass composition improves the overall gamma-ray attenuation properties. As a result, among the heavy and transparent glasses developed, the C40 sample containing 40% CdO exhibited the best gamma-ray absorption properties against all radioisotopes. Furthermore, the gamma-ray absorption characteristics of this created high-density glass were shown to be better to those of a standard and heavy concrete sample. It can be concluded that the newly developed CdO-rich and transparent glass sample may be used in medical radiation fields where the radioisotopes examined are used in daily clinical and research applications. © 2022 De Gruyter. All rights reserved.Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, PNU: PNURSP2022R149Funding information: This study was supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project Number (PNURSP2022R149)

Temperature Dependence of \eta and \eta^{\prime} Masses

We investigate the temperature dependence of \eta and \eta^{\prime} masses due to scatterings from thermal pions in a heat bath using the non-linear sigma model. We show that mass shifts of \eta and \eta^{\prime} and the shift in the mixing angle are negligible.Comment: Latex, 11 pages, 2 eps figures include

Structural Characterization and Gamma-Ray Attenuation Properties of Rice-Like α-TeO2 Crystalline Microstructures (CMS) Grown Rapidly on Free Surface of Tellurite-Based Glasses

In this study, we extensively analyzed the structural, physical and gamma-ray attenuation properties of α-TeO2 CMS, which has unexpectedly been observed as a part of Sm2O3 doped TeO2–B2O3–V2O5 glasses synthesis process. The shape of α-TeO2 CMS was obtained from SEM analyses. Moreover, EDX, XRD and Raman examinations were utilized for systematic characterization of α-TeO2 CMS. In addition to experimental physical and structural studies on α-TeO2 CMSs, gamma-ray attenuation properties were also determined and compared with Quartz and some novel glasses such as PNCKM5, C25, SCNZ7 along with some commercial glasses such as RS253, RS253G18, RS323G19, RS360, RS520 using FLUKA general-purpose Monte Carlo code. EDX results indicated that only Te and O elements were available in the α-TeO2 CMS. The finding showed that gamma-ray attenuation competencies of α-TeO2 CMS is higher than many novel and commercial glasses in addition to traditional concrete shields. It can be concluded that further comparison studies can be done between normal glass structure and α-TeO2 CMS (or similar) occurred glass structures in terms of better understanding the total gamma-ray attenuation and the effect of α-TeO2 CMS. © 2021 The Author(s).The authors thank Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020/12), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. The APC was covered by "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Romania