SCREENING FOR LIGNINOLYTIC ENZYMES FROM AUTOCHTHONOUS FUNGI AND APPLICATIONS FOR DECOLORIZATION OF REMAZOLE MARINE BLUE

WOS: 000269120200026PubMed ID: 24031371This study presents new and alternative fungal strains for the production of ligninolytic enzymes which have great potential to use in industrial and biotechnological processes. Thirty autochthonous fungal strains were harvested from Bornova-Izmir in Turkiye. In the fresh fruitbody extracts laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase activities, which are the principal enzymes responsible for ligninocellulose degradation by Basidiomycetes, were screened. Spores of some of the basidiomycetes species such as Cortinarius sp., Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus, Abortiporus biennis, Lyophyllum subglobisporium, Ramaria stricta, Ganoderma carnosum, Lactarius delicious ve Lepista nuda were isolated and investigated optimum cultivation conditions in submerged fermentation for high yields of ligninolytic enzyme production. In addition, isolated fungal strains were monitored on agar plates whether having the capability of decolorization of a textile dye Remazol Marine Blue

Effects of tamoxifen and glutamate and glutamine levels in brain regions in repeated sleep deprivation-induced mania model in mice

Protein kinase C inhibitor tamoxifen reduces symptoms of acute mania in bipolar patients and mania-like behaviors in animals. Memory impairment and altered levels of glutamate and glutamate/glutamine ratio have been reported in mania. Tamoxifen suppresses glutamate release which plays an important role in memory. The present study evaluated whether tamoxifen's activity participates in its antimanic efficacy in repeated sleep deprivation mania model. Mice were divided into control and 24-h sleep-deprived groups and were treated with vehicle or 1 mg/kg tamoxifen twice daily for 8 days. Sleep deprivation was repeated three times at intervals of 2 days. Square crossing and rearing were recorded as measures of locomotor activity. Memory and risk taking behavior were evaluated using novel object recognition and staircase tests, respectively. Glutamate and glutamine levels were measured in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Behavioral tests were conducted 24 h after the second or immediately after the third sleep deprivations. Sleep deprivation increased locomotor activity and risk taking. Glutamate and glutamine levels and glutamate/glutamine ratio in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were unaffected. Locomotor hyperactivity was prevented by tamoxifen treatment. No change in the recognition index suggested lack of memory impairment in the model. These findings confirm the relevance of repeated sleep deprivation as a mania model and tamoxifen as an antimanic agent. However, future research is needed to further address lack of memory impairment in the model and lack of glutamatergic influence on the model and antimanic effect of tamoxifen