Phase Transition in Compact QED(3) and the Josephson Junction

We study the finite temperature phase transition in 2+1 dimensional compact QED and its dual theory: Josephson junction. Duality of these theories at zero temperature was established long time ago by Hosotani. Phase transition in compact QED is well studied and we employ the `duality' to study the superconductivity phase transition in a Josephson junction. For a thick junction we obtain a critical temperature in terms of the geometrical properties of the junction.Comment: 9 pages, discussion added about the role of the solitons. To appear in JHE

Determining spatial distribution of communities in Ottoman districts in late 19th century by Gini inequality measurements

Osmanlı toplumunda günümüzden farklı olarak heterojen cemaat yapısı mevcuttur. Dinsel aidiyet temelinde yapılan milliyet tanımında, nüfus sayımlarında yedi büyük milliyet vardır. 19. yüzyılın sonunda yapılan nüfus sayımlarında 33 vilayetteki cemaatlerin sayısal dağılımları mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada yedi cemaatin her birinin, Osmanlı vilayetleri içerisindeki coğrafi “spatial” dağılımlarının karakteri incelenmiştir. Uygulama olarak Gini eşitsizlik ölçüsü seçilmiştir. Buradan hareketle Müslim, Rum ve Ermeni cemaatlerinin Osmanlı toplumunun demografik açıdan asli unsurları olduğunu savunmak mümkündür. Çalışmadaki diğer önemli bir sonuç ise, yabancıların mekânsal demografik dağılımlarındaki lokalizasyon çerçevesinde uluslar arası pazar ekonomisinin Osmanlı coğrafyasında 19. yüzyıl sonunda da bölgesel düzeyde kaldığı ve tüm ülke coğrafyasına henüz yayılamadığıdır.The Ottoman society had a heterogeneous community structure that is different from our time. There were seven big communities that were determined by the base religious identity in censuses. There were numerical distributions of the communities in the 33 provinces in the 19th century. In this study, the character of geographical spatial distributions of communities with Gini inequality measurement is examined. Findings show that, the Muslim, Rome and Armenian communities were the essential elements. The other result found by this study is that, at the end of the 19th century international market economy remained in regional level, not at the national level

Analysis of the effect of educational games on primary school students’ audacity level

AbstractGame; reflects the audacity level and inner world of child more realisticly. Thus it becomes possible to observe the real personality of child with its mistakes, weaknesses, inventions, abilities and tendencies. Our intention in this research is to investigate the effect of educational games on the audacity level of students studying at the primary schools.Research group is consisted of 50 male, 42 female total 92 students studying at 6 th, 7 th and 8 th grades of Piri Reis Primary School. Firstly the existing data about the aim of examination is given systematicly by researching the relavent literature. Thus a theoric frame is created about the subject. Secondly the children are made to play 2 educatinal games at the beginning and the end of the gym classes for 8 weeks in order to reach the aim of research. The qualities of the games are power, speed and flexibility. Rathus Audacity Inventory, developed by Rathus and translated to Turkish by Voltan (1998), is used at the beginning and end of the period covering 8 weeks time.In the analysis and interpetation and of data; pre-test, results of last test, test of Wilcoxon, t test, test of Anova; and to measure the difference between the groups Tukey test is used and significance P<0,05 is taken. SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) package program is used to evaluate and find the rated values and (Cronbach Alpha) 0.92 is found.As a result it is seen that educational games are effective on the development of audacity level of children studying at primary schools, in addition it is seen that there is an increase on the audacity level of 6 th and 8 th grade students compared to 7 th grade; boys’ compared to girls’ after educational games

THE IMPACT OF HEALTH MINISTRY POLICIES ON PREGRADUET AND POSTGRADUET MEDICAL EDUCATION CAREER PLANNING

The news that physicians tend to work abroad in recent years in Turkey, the frequent occurrence of violence in healthcare, the dissatisfaction of physicians and the news of resignation have prompted the Ministry of Health and led to some regulations known as 'White Reform' in the society. We aimed to investigate the impact of these reforms on the career plans of final-year medical students, medical residents, and doctors who have graduated in the last 5 years. A descriptive study was planned, and a survey form created by researchers was used to reach the target audience. Data from 561 doctors and medical students were evaluated. The majority of doctors viewed the reforms positively, but it was determined that they were not implemented at the desired level in terms of application and adequacy. The impact of the reforms on career plans was seen primarily among intern doctors. The most common goal in terms of career plans was to work as a specialist physician

Synthesis and characterization of polymeric linseed oil grafted methyl methacrylate or styrene

Syntheses of wholly natural polymeric linseed oil (PLO) containing peroxide groups have been reported. Peroxidation, epoxidation and/or perepoxidation reactions of linseed oil, either under air or under oxygen flow at room temperature, resulted in polymeric peroxides, PLO-air and PLO-ofl, containing 1.3 and 3.5 wt.% of peroxide, with molecular weights of 2100 and 3780 Da, respectively. PLO-air contained cross-linked film up to 46.1 wt.% after a reaction time of 60 d, associated with a waxy, soluble part (PLO-air-s) that was isolated with chloroform extraction. PLO-ofl was obtained as a waxy, viscous liquid without any cross-linked part at the end of 24 d under visible irradation and oxygen flow. Polymeric peroxides, PLO-air-s and PLO-ofl initiated the free radical polymerization of both methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styreine (S) to give PMMA-graft-PLO and PS-graft-PLO graft copolymers in high yields with M-w varying from 37 to 470 kDa. The polymers obtained were characterized by FT-IR. H-1 NMR, TGA, DSC and GPC techniques. Cross-linked polymers were also studied by means of swelling measurements. PMNA-graft-PLO graft copolymer film samples were also used in cell-culture studies. Fibroblast cells were well adhered and proliferated on the copolymer film surfaces, which is important in tissue engineering

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome causing growth retardation

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare and lifethreateningclinical condition caused by the compressionof the third portion of the duodenum between the aortaand the superior mesenteric artery’s proximal part. Thiscompression may lead to chronic intermittent, acute totalor partial obstruction. Sudden weight-loss and the relateddecrease in the fat tissue are considered to be the etiologicalreason of acute stenosis. Weight-loss accompaniedby nausea, vomiting, anorexia, epigastric pain, andbloating are the leading complaints. Barium radiographs,computerized tomography, conventional angiography,tomographic and magnetic resonance angiography areused in the diagnosis. There are medical and surgical approachesto treatment. We hereby present the case ofa patient with superior mesenteric artery syndrome withdelayed diagnosis.Key words: superior mesenteric artery syndrome, nausea-vomiting, anorexi

Detection and partial characterization of two distinct walnut isolates of cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV)

Two new cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) isolates (Ah and Ad) were isolated and detected from traditionally-grown walnuts that showed severe apical necrosis and chlorotic spots in systemically infected Cheneopodium amaranticolor, in the eastern part of Turkey. The 404 and 405 bp long DNA fragments of the 3’-non-coding region of both isolates from PCR reactions were cloned and sequenced. A significant genetic variability (up to 14% divergence between sequences) was found within the 3’ terminal region of viral genome of CLRV Turkish isolates compared with the isolates in databases. The sequence of Ad isolate was found to share 84 to 98% and the Ah isolate was found to share 85 to 97% nucleotide identity with corresponding sequences of the selected world isolates. An RNA riboprobe generated for CLRV-Ad isolate reacted also with the CLRV-Ah isolate in dot blot molecular hybridization test. Positive reactions were still visible in hybridization test when the extracts of infected fresh and dried leaf tissues of C. amaranticolor diluted 1:20. Western blot analysis revealed that the molecular mass of the coat protein of about 52 kDa for both isolates.Keywords: Walnut, CLRV, 3’ non coding regio

Wear behavior of in-situ oxide dispersion strengthened Fe-8Ni alloy with Zr additions

MakaleWOS:000959908100001In this study, in-situ oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) Fe91Ni8Zr1 and Fe88Ni8Zr4 alloys were produced by combination of high energy mechanical alloying (HEMA) and high temperature equal channel angular extrusion (HT-ECAE). The wear behaviors of the consolidated samples were investigated under different loads from 1 N to 4 N by reciprocating wear tests at room temperature. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the wear tracks to analyze the wear characteristics as a function of applied loads. The relative comparison of the wear results showed that under the lower loads of 1 N and 2 N, Fe88Ni8Zr4 alloy has lower wear rate than Fe91Ni8Zr1 alloy whereas under the higher loads of 3 N and 4 N, it is vice versa. Additionally, the friction coefficient of Fe91Ni8Zr1 alloy was found to be lower than that of Fe88Ni8Zr4 alloy under all the applied loads. The results were comparatively discussed with respect to microstructural features of 1 at% Zr and 4 at% Zr containing ODS alloys produced by HEMA followed by ECAE. The obtained results of ODS alloys with different grain size, precipitate size, and number density of the precipitates, may disclose a new sight for using such alloys in wear applications just as cutting tools, turbine blades, and discs

FUTBOL TARAFTARLARININ MARKA DEĞERİ YARATMALARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Bu araştırmanın amacı; profesyonel spor kulüplerinin marka değerine tüketicilerin verdikleri katkıdüzeylerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla profesyonel spor kulüplerinin tüketicisi konumunda olan taraftarlar, farklıkriterlere göre analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmaya Selçuk üniversitesinin karaman ilinde bulunan değişik fakülte ve yüksekokullarında öğrenim gören 259’u bayan 341’i erkek toplam 600 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. İlk olarak araştırmanın amacına uygun literatür sistematik olarak taranmışdaha sonra Sanem ALKİBAY 2005 tarafından 16 maddelik 5’li likert tipi geliştirilmişolan anket tesadüfi örneklem yoluyla üniversite öğrencilerine uygulanmıştır. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre; spor kulüplerinin marka olabileceği fikri, marka değeri alt boyutlarından farklılaşma-güç yaklaşımıile örgütle özdeşleşme alt boyutunda Beşiktaş, marka değeri alt boyutlarından sadakat alt boyutunda Fenerbahçe, borsada işlem gören spor kulübü olarak ilk akla gelen kulüp ise Fenerbahçe olduğu tespit edilmiştir

Gini Eşitsizlik Katsayılarıyla Cemaatlerin 19. Yüzyıl Sonlarında Osmanlı Vilayetlerindeki Coğrafi Dağılımlarının Belirlenmesi

The Ottoman society had a heterogeneous community structure that is different from our time. There were seven big communities that were determined by the base religious identity in censuses. There were numerical distributions of the communities in the 33 provinces in the 19th century. In this study, the character of geographical spatial distributions of communities with Gini inequality measurement is examined. Findings show that, the Muslim, Rome and Armenian communities were the essential elements. The other result found by this study is that, at the end of the 19th century international market economy remained in regional level, not at the national level.Osmanlı toplumunda günümüzden farklı olarak heterojen cemaat yapısı mevcuttur. Dinsel aidiyet temelinde yapılan milliyet tanımında, nüfus sayımlarında yedi büyük milliyet vardır. 19. yüzyılın sonunda yapılan nüfus sayımlarında 33 vilayetteki cemaatlerin sayısal dağılımları mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada yedi cemaatin her birinin, Osmanlı vilayetleri içerisindeki coğrafi “spatial” dağılımlarının karakteri incelenmiştir. Uygulama olarak Gini eşitsizlik ölçüsü seçilmiştir. Buradan hareketle Müslim, Rum ve Ermeni cemaatlerinin Osmanlı toplumunun demografik açıdan asli unsurları olduğunu savunmak mümkündür. Çalışmadaki diğer önemli bir sonuç ise, yabancıların mekânsal demografik dağılımlarındaki lokalizasyon çerçevesinde uluslar arası pazar ekonomisinin Osmanlı coğrafyasında 19. yüzyıl sonunda da bölgesel düzeyde kaldığı ve tüm ülke coğrafyasına henüz yayılamadığıdır