684 research outputs found
Analysis of the Absorption Phenomenon through the Use of Finite Element Method
In this text, a numerical model using the finite element method (FEM) is developed to describe absorption phenomena using the Beer–Lambert law. Numerical results are compared against experimental measurements made on alpha brass, characterized by photothermal radiometry (PTR). Results from the numerical analysis are in good agreement with the measurements obtained from the radiometry tests. In this technique the material is subjected to a laser heating, producing a thermal wave that is captured with a detector by means of the amplitude and phase parameters. The analysis of the data obtained from six samples provides information about their thermal properties, such as conductivity and diffusivity, which can be correlated with structural changes in a material. Results from this research lead to the characterization of mechanical properties of metallic materials
Canonical Wnt signaling induces focal adhesion and Integrin beta-1 endocytosis
During canonical Wnt signaling, the Wnt receptor complex is sequestered
together with glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and Axin inside late endosomes, known as multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Here, we present experiments
showing that Wnt causes the endocytosis of focal adhesion (FA) proteins and
depletion of Integrin b 1 (ITGb1) from the cell surface. FAs and integrins link
the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Wnt-induced endocytosis caused
ITGb1 depletion from the plasma membrane and was accompanied by striking
changes in the actin cytoskeleton. In situ protease protection assays in cultured
cells showed that ITGb1 was sequestered within membrane-bounded organelles
that corresponded to Wnt-induced MVBs containing GSK3 and FA-associated
proteins. An in vivo model using Xenopus embryos dorsalized by Wnt8 mRNA
showed that ITGb1 depletion decreased Wnt signaling. The finding of a crosstalk
between two major signaling pathways, canonical Wnt and focal adhesions,
should be relevant to human cancer and cell biology
A beam-beam monitoring detector for the MPD experiment at NICA
The Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) is to be installed at the Nuclotron Ion
Collider fAcility (NICA) of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR).
Its main goal is to study the phase diagram of the strongly interacting matter
produced in heavy-ion collisions. These studies, while providing insight into
the physics of heavy-ion collisions, are relevant for improving our
understanding of the evolution of the early Universe and the formation of
neutron stars. In order to extend the MPD trigger capabilities, we propose to
include a high granularity beam-beam monitoring detector (BE-BE) to provide a
level-0 trigger signal with an expected time resolution of 30 ps. This new
detector will improve the determination of the reaction plane by the MPD
experiment, a key measurement for flow studies that provides physics insight
into the early stages of the reaction. In this work, we use simulated Au+Au
collisions at NICA energies to show the potential of such a detector to
determine the event plane resolution, providing further redundancy to the
detectors originally considered for this purpose namely, the Fast Forward
Detector (FFD) and the Hadron Calorimeter (HCAL). We also show our results for
the time resolution studies of two prototype cells carried out at the T10 beam
line at the CERN PS complex.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures. Updated to published version with added
comments and correction
Targeting Membrane Trafficking as a Strategy for Cancer Treatment
Membrane trafficking is emerging as an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancer. Recent reports have found a connection between Wnt signaling, receptor-mediated endocytosis, V-ATPase, lysosomal activity, and macropinocytosis through the canonical Wnt pathway. In macropinocytic cells, a massive internalization of the plasma membrane can lead to the loss of cell-surface cadherins, integrins, and other antigens that mediate cell–cell adhesion, favoring an invasive phenotype. V-ATPase is a key regulator in maintaining proper membrane trafficking, homeostasis, and the earliest developmental decisions in the Xenopus vertebrate development model system. Here, we review how the interference of membrane trafficking with membrane trafficking inhibitors might be clinically relevant in humans
Estudio de la cinetica de la oxidación de la harmina por peroxidisulfato potásico
Se ha estudiado la cinética de la reacción de oxidación del alcaloide indólico
harrnina por peroxodisulfato potásico en disoluciones acuosas alcalinas. La reacción sigue la ecuación de velocidad:
v= k3 / Harmina / / S2O8 = / /OH- /
La constante K3 es independiente de la fuerza iónica y su valor a 25oC es (4.8 ± 0.2) 10-2 M-2seg-1.A study has been made on the kinetics of the harrnine oxidation by potassium
peroxodisulfate in aqueous alkaline solutions. The reaction follows the rate law:
v= k3 / Harmine / / S2O8 = / /OH- /
The rate constant k3 is independent on ionic strength and it is equal to (4.8 ± 0.2)
10-2M-2 seg-1 at 25oC
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GSK3 Inhibits Macropinocytosis and Lysosomal Activity through the Wnt Destruction Complex Machinery
Summary: Canonical Wnt signaling is emerging as a major regulator of endocytosis. Here, we report that Wnt-induced macropinocytosis is regulated through glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and the β-catenin destruction complex. We find that mutation of Axin1, a tumor suppressor and component of the destruction complex, results in the activation of macropinocytosis. Surprisingly, inhibition of GSK3 by lithium chloride (LiCl), CHIR99021, or dominant-negative GSK3 triggers macropinocytosis. GSK3 inhibition causes a rapid increase in acidic endolysosomes that is independent of new protein synthesis. GSK3 inhibition or Axin1 mutation increases lysosomal activity, which can be followed with tracers of active cathepsin D, β-glucosidase, and ovalbumin degradation. Microinjection of LiCl into the blastula cavity of Xenopus embryos causes a striking increase in dextran macropinocytosis. The effects of GSK3 inhibition on protein degradation in endolysosomes are blocked by the macropinocytosis inhibitors EIPA or IPA-3, suggesting that increases in membrane trafficking drive lysosomal activity
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