TAX RATE AND NON-DEBT TAX SHIELD

Firm can minimize their tax obligation by debt tax shield and non-debt tax shield (NDTS). However, research findings on how firm treat debt tax shield and NDTS, as a substitute or as a complement, remain inconclusive. This paper objective is to provide evidence on how firm usage of NDTSchange when tax rates change in Indonesia. Multivariate regression analysis performed with NDTSas dependent variable and tax rates change and debt level as independent variable. Multivariate regression analysis covering 73 Indonesia firms with 146 observations for the period of year 2008 to year 2010. Within this period, Indonesia corporate tax rate being reduce twice from 30% in 2008 to 28% in 2009 and 25% in 2010. This research find when tax rates is decrease, public firm increase their usage of NDTSwith a lag of one year and debt financing remain increased alongside with non-debt tax shield. This finding provide support to debt tax shield and NDTSas a complement

Corporate Governance: Perspektif Teori Perusahaan

The main differences between corporate governance theory from the theory of the firm perspective and other perspectives, such as simple finance perspective, the stewardship perspective, the political perspective, and the stakeholder perspective, is the power of the agent The theory of the firm perspective assumes that agent has a dominant power but the other perspectives assume principal has a dominant power. The agent build information asymmetry through increasing risk and complexity of the firm. The increasing of business risk induce principal to invite other principal to spread the risk. When the stake of principal in the firm is small relative to her wealth, their incentive to monitor the agent tend to decreasing. The complexity of the firm need a lot of good monitor. Since good monitor is limited then agent will be under monitored

Indonesian Fintech Business: New Innovations or Foster and Collaborate in Business Ecosystems?

. There are many innovative products fail to reach minimum critical mass adopter and cease to exist. New financial technology products are not an exception because the current financial technology to facilitate transactions, whether payment, investment, and insurance still function remarkably well. Since new financial technology products have features to better serve low to middle-level customers in the form of higher convenience level and lower costs than the current financial technology products, the initiatives to ensure their success is imperative. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present propositions based on a literature review to encourage companies to simultaneously have two competencies, first competencies in new product development and second, competencies to foster and collaborate with other companies in within and across business ecosystems. The implications of this paper are companies with higher competencies to foster and collaborate with other companies, even though they start with relatively basic innovative product, have higher probability to reach minimum critical mass of adopter and higher probability to become leader in their business ecosystem and government need to maintain their active role to foster collaboration within and across business ecosystem

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: PERSPEKTIF TEORI PERUSAHAAN

The main differences between corporate governance theory from the theory of the firm perspective and other perspectives, such as simple finance perspective, the stewardship perspective, the political perspective, and the stakeholder perspective, is the power of the agent The theory of the firm perspective assumes that agent has a dominant power but the other perspectives assume principal has a dominant power. The agent build information asymmetry through increasing risk and complexity of the firm. The increasing of business risk induce principal to invite other principal to spread the risk. When the stake of principal in the firm is small relative to her wealth, their incentive to monitor the agent tend to decreasing. The complexity of the firm need a lot of good monitor. Since good monitor is limited then agent will be under monitored

Effect of Corporate and Dividend Income Tax Rates on Bank Capital

The study uses quantitative method to estimate the effect of Corporate- and Dividend-Income-Tax rates on Total-Bank-Capital, Tier-1-Bank-Capital, and Tier-2-Bank-Capital ratios. The samples are banks from ASEAN-4 countries, i.e. Indonesia, Malaysia, The Philippines, and Thailand, taken in 2020. The effects of Corporate- and Dividend-Income-Tax on Total-Bank-Capital, Tier-1-Bank-Capital, and Tier-2-Bank-Capital ratios were analyzed using cross-section regression. We placed Total-Bank-Capital, Tier-1-Bank-Capital, and Tier-2-Bank-Capital ratios as the dependent variable. Corporate- and Dividend-Income-Tax rates were placed as the independent variable. Both Corporate- and Dividend-Income-Tax rates are statistically significant and positively affect the Total-Bank-Capital and Tier-1-Bank-Capital. The findings suggest that high Corporate- and Dividend-Income-Tax rates reduce banks' significant risks. Corporate-Income-Tax rates and negatively affect Tier-2-Bank-Capital. The finding suggests that lower tax rates will induce banks to increase their Tier-2-Bank-Capital ratio. However the effect of Dividend-Income-Tax rates on Tier-2-Bank-Capital is not statistically significant

Country Tax Regime And Firm Debt Financing

The ASEAN country’s tax regime can be distinguished into the classical tax regime (Indonesia, Thailand, and Philippines) and integrated tax regime (Singapore, Malaysia, and Vietnam). This paper aims to understand the effect of the different tax regimes to firm debt financing policy. We analyze the effects of different tax regimes using the cross section regression method. The dependent variable is Debt to Equity Ratio, the independent variable is proxied by a dummy variable with the classical tax regime are defined as 1 and the integrated tax regime are defined as 0, and firms’ characteristics, as a control variable: Net Property Plan and Equipment to Total Asset Ratio, One Year Sales Growth, Price to Book Value Ratio, and Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization to Total Asset Ratio. Since the classical tax regime has higher tax rates relative to the integrated tax regime, firm operating in the classical tax regime able to experience the same debt tax saving using lower debt financing relative to firm operating in the integrated tax regime. Keywords: ClassicalTtax Regime; Integrated Tax Regime; Debt Tax Saving; Debt Financing; ASEAN Countr

Country Tax Regime And Firm Debt Financing

The ASEAN country’s tax regime can be distinguished into the classical tax regime (Indonesia, Thailand, and Philippines) and integrated tax regime (Singapore, Malaysia, and Vietnam). This paper aims to understand the effect of the different tax regimes to firm debt financing policy. We analyze the effects of different tax regimes using the cross section regression method. The dependent variable is Debt to Equity Ratio, the independent variable is proxied by a dummy variable with the classical tax regime are defined as 1 and the integrated tax regime are defined as 0, and firms’ characteristics, as a control variable: Net Property Plan and Equipment to Total Asset Ratio, One Year Sales Growth, Price to Book Value Ratio, and Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization to Total Asset Ratio. Since the classical tax regime has higher tax rates relative to the integrated tax regime, firm operating in the classical tax regime able to experience the same debt tax saving using lower debt financing relative to firm operating in the integrated tax regime. Keywords: ClassicalTtax Regime; Integrated Tax Regime; Debt Tax Saving; Debt Financing; ASEAN Countr

The Relation between Dividend and Financial Constraints to Firm Value

This study examines the relation between dividends and financial constraints to firm value using publicly traded firms in Indonesia from 2013 to 2017. The very exploration used a repeated cross section regression method to understand monotonic and non-monotonic alliance between dividends and financial constraints to firm value. The non-monotonic correlation measured by dummy variables for 6 dividends categories, i.e. 0 category is defined as firms that did not pay dividends and category 5 is defined as firms that pay dividends with the highest quintile. It is found that monotonic bond lowers the financial constraints that has more important and consistent positive effects on firm value relative to dividends. These findings imply investors to have higher preferences for a firm’s ability to realize good investment projects and provide higher future profits, relative to current profit in the form of dividends. It also found that non-monotonic connection between dividends and firm value and dividends and financial constraints have relatively equal positive effect to firm value

Short-term and long-term effect of firms’ IPO on competitors’ performance

IPO is an important corporate action that has far-reaching effects from the IPO firms to their competitors. However, there are few empirical studies on how IPO firms affect their rival stock performances in emerging markets. This is the first study that provides empirical studies on the short-term and long-term effects of IPO firms on their competitor performance in Indonesia. We perform short-term and long-term event studies and cross-section regression with IPO firm competitor stock performance as the dependent variable, IPO firm stock performance as an independent variable, and related IPO firm competitor variables as control variables. We cover IPO firms from 2010 to 20 17. The sample taken is 152 IPO firms and 8.085 competitors and 38 IPO firms after controlling for contamination effect and 1.715 IPO firm competitors. Our event study finds that both IPO and their competitor stock have positive stock performance in both short and long term. IPO stock performance in the long term is relatively stagnant that enables the IPO firm competitor stock performance to catch up to IPO stock performance. Our regression results only find that IPO stock performance has short term negative effect and a positive long term effect toward IPO firm competitors stock performance, both results were drawn after controlling the contamination effect. Our findings imply that the IPO firm provides additional good information to the industry - wide information and no discernible competitive landscape changes are detected