Les marais salants brésiliens entre protection environnementale et pression foncière : un paysage en mutation

Cet article propose une réflexion sur les aspects paysagers des marais salants, menacés par le secteur immobilier qui ne cesse de se développer. Certains gestionnaires cherchent à augmenter leur capital immobilier et les marais salants constituent un foncier potentiel pour l’occupation urbaine. Deux aspects méthodologiques sont proposés afin de réaliser un examen critique des politiques environnementales et leurs effets sur le paysage salinier : d’une part, l’évolution du paysage des marais salants à travers les photos historiques et l’étude de l’occupation du sol par la cartographie témoignent des changements successifs sur le plan spatial ; d’autre part, les politiques locales, notamment certaines lois approuvées par les organismes publics communaux, contribuent à faire face à leur disparition ou à leur protection environnementale. Les résultats de cet article montrent que les marais salants de la région étudiée ont été soumis à une forte pression foncière du fait de l’abandon des activités salinières au profit d’activités liées à la construction de lotissements et au développement immobilier.This article reflects on the aspects of salt marsh landscapes threatened by the continued expansion of the real estate sector. In seeking to develop real estate assets some decision makers consider salt marshes as a potential land source for urban development. Two methodologies are put forward to conduct a critical examination of environmental policies and their effects on the salt marsh landscape. On the one hand, the evolution of the salt marsh landscape illustrated by means of historical photographs and the study of land use through maps representing successive spatial transformations; and on the other hand, local policies, namely certain laws approved by municipalities which help to address the problem of the disappearance of salt marshes and their environmental protection. The results of this study demonstrate that the land tenure of these salt marshes has been the object of a great deal of pressure due to the discontinuation of salt production in favour of building and real estate development

Produção da cidade: quais dados para quais questões?

O artigo é o resultado do seminário “Dinâmicas de urbanismo e representações espaciais: heurística dos dados e contexto”, organizado no âmbito do projeto USP-Cofecub entre as universidades de Lyon e de São Paulo. Propõe-se explorar os métodos e as fontes dos dados utilizados por três doutorandos que tratam da produção da cidade em diferentes trabalhos de campo no Brasil, na Itália e na França. Cada posicionamento é dirigido pela especificidade da pesquisa, do estado da arte no local do trabalho de campo e, sobretudo, pelo nível de análise da produção da cidade escolhido: o ator social envolvido, os meios e o território. Esses níveis possibilitaram estruturar questões específicas a fim de explorar dados diferentes para contribuir para uma compreensão global do fenômeno acerca da produção da cidade.This article is the result of the seminar organized for the Project USP-COFECUB between universities of Lyon and São Paulo, entitled “Dynamic planning and spatial representations: heuristic data and context”. It highlights the methods and sources used by three doctoral students that deal with the production of the city on different field researches in Brazil, in Italy and in France. Each research is oriented by its particularities, the state of science in its own place, but mainly by the level of analysis of the city production, used by the researcher: the actor, the means and the territory. These levels are forcing to ask specific questions, to use different data to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the global phenomenon of the production of the city. This article is the result of the seminar organized for the Project USP-COFECUB between universities of Lyon and São Paulo, entitled “Dynamic planning and spatial representations: heuristic data and context”. It highlights the methods and sources used by three doctoral students that deal with the production of the city on different field researches in Brazil, in Italy and in France. Each research is oriented by its particularities, the state of science in its own place, but mainly by the level of analysis of the city production, used by the researcher: the actor, the means and the territory. These levels are forcing to ask specific questions, to use different data to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the global phenomenon of the production of the city.

MOBILITÉ QUOTIDIENNE ET ACCESSIBILITÉ DANS LA VILLE FRAGMENTÉE

From the study of the city of Ribeirão Preto, we propose the analysis of daily mobility and accessibility characteristics to discuss the emergence of the fragmented city in Brazil. Therefore, articulating the singular and the universal, we established the theoretical bases to show how mobility takes place in the city, demonstrating its urban structure and its role in the Brazilian urban network. The database of the Cadastro Nacional de Pessoas Jurídicas (CNPJ) was important in shaping the urban multicentrality, a methodological element to which other equally important ones were added, such as interviews and surveys applied according to preestablished criteria, and data on the characteristics of the surroundings of the properties and the average income of families, valuing the mapping of the elements studied. The results approached from the voice of the interviewees, show the dynamics of urban mobility in Ribeirão Preto in the different parts that structure the city. In the conclusions, we show how the combination of the different elements studied reflects the urban dynamics in terms of socio-spatial differentiation.Tomando, como espaço urbano, a cidade de Ribeirão Preto, propomos uma análise da mobilidade quotidiana e das características da acessibilidade no que chamamos de cidade fragmentada. Para tanto, articulando o singular e o universal, estabelecemos as bases teóricas para mostrar como se dá a mobilidade na cidade, demonstrando sua estruturação urbana e seu papel na rede urbana brasileira. A base de dados do Cadastro Nacional de Pessoas Jurídicas foi importante para conformar a multicentralidade urbana, elemento metodológico ao qual se somaram outros igualmente importantes, como as entrevistas e as enquetes aplicadas segundo critérios pré-estabelecidos, e dados sobre as características dos entornos dos imóveis e a renda média das famílias, valorizando-se o mapeamento dos elementos estudados. Os resultados, abordados a partir da voz dos entrevistados, mostram a dinâmica da mobilidade urbana em Ribeirão Preto nas diferentes partes que estruturam a cidade. Nas conclusões, mostramos como a combinação entre os diferentes elementos estudados espelham a dinâmica urbana em termos de diferenciação socioespacial.A partir de l’étude de la ville de Ribeirão Preto, nous proposons l’analyse de la mobilité quotidienne et des caractéristiques d’accessibilité afin de discuter l’émergence de la ville fragmentée au Brésil. L’articulation entre le singulier et l’universel, nous permet d’établir les bases théoriques pour décrire la mobilité dans la ville, sa structure et son rôle dans le réseau urbain brésilien. La base de données du Registre National des Personnes Juridiques (CNPJ) est un élément méthodologique permettant de comprendre la formation de la multicentralité urbaine. D’autres méthodologies ont été utilisées, en s’appuyant sur leur cartographie, comme les entretiens, les enquêtes appliquées et des données sur les caractéristiques de l’environnement des domiciles et le revenu moyen des familles. Les résultats à partir de méthodologies croisées, et en complément des récits des personnes interrogées, montrent la dynamique de la mobilité urbaine dans différentes zones de Ribeirão Preto, ainsi que la différenciation socio-spatiale

MOBILIDADE COTIDIANA E ACESSIBILIDADE NA CIDADE FRAGMENTADA

From the study of the city of Ribeirão Preto, we propose the analysis of daily mobility and accessibility characteristics to discuss the emergence of the fragmented city in Brazil. Therefore, articulating the singular and the universal, we established the theoretical bases to show how mobility takes place in the city, demonstrating its urban structure and its role in the Brazilian urban network. The database of the Cadastro Nacional de Pessoas Jurídicas (CNPJ) was important in shaping the urban multicentrality, a methodological element to which other equally important ones were added, such as interviews and surveys applied according to preestablished criteria, and data on the characteristics of the surroundings of the properties and the average income of families, valuing the mapping of the elements studied. The results approached from the voice of the interviewees, show the dynamics of urban mobility in Ribeirão Preto in the different parts that structure the city. In the conclusions, we show how the combination of the different elements studied reflects the urban dynamics in terms of socio-spatial differentiation.A partir de l’étude de la ville de Ribeirão Preto, nous proposons l’analyse de la mobilité quotidienne et des caractéristiques d’accessibilité afin de discuter l’émergence de la ville fragmentée au Brésil. L’articulation entre le singulier et l’universel, nous permet d’établir les bases théoriques pour décrire la mobilité dans la ville, sa structure et son rôle dans le réseau urbain brésilien. La base de données du Registre National des Personnes Juridiques (CNPJ) est un élément méthodologique permettant de comprendre la formation de la multicentralité urbaine. D’autres méthodologies ont été utilisées, en s’appuyant sur leur cartographie, comme les entretiens, les enquêtes appliquées et des données sur les caractéristiques de l’environnement des domiciles et le revenu moyen des familles. Les résultats à partir de méthodologies croisées, et en complément des récits des personnes interrogées, montrent la dynamique de la mobilité urbaine dans différentes zones de Ribeirão Preto, ainsi que la différenciation socio-spatiale.Tomando, como espaço urbano, a cidade de Ribeirão Preto, propomos uma análise da mobilidade quotidiana e das características da acessibilidade no que chamamos de cidade fragmentada. Para tanto, articulando o singular e o universal, estabelecemos as bases teóricas para mostrar como se dá a mobilidade na cidade, demonstrando sua estruturação urbana e seu papel na rede urbana brasileira. A base de dados do Cadastro Nacional de Pessoas Jurídicas foi importante para conformar a multicentralidade urbana, elemento metodológico ao qual se somaram outros igualmente importantes, como as entrevistas e as enquetes aplicadas segundo critérios pré-estabelecidos, e dados sobre as características dos entornos dos imóveis e a renda média das famílias, valorizando-se o mapeamento dos elementos estudados. Os resultados, abordados a partir da voz dos entrevistados, mostram a dinâmica da mobilidade urbana em Ribeirão Preto nas diferentes partes que estruturam a cidade. Nas conclusões, mostramos como a combinação entre os diferentes elementos estudados espelham a dinâmica urbana em termos de diferenciação socioespacial

Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Pain Level, Functionality, and Rating of Exertion of Elderly Obese Knee Osteoarthritis Individuals: A Randomized Study

Introduction: Among chronic diseases, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a joint disease that causes important progressive alterations in the articular and periarticular structures, including synovial inflammation. Exercise has been suggested as an intervention to KOA individuals, and studies suggest that whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise decreases pain levels and favours the functionality of KOA individuals. Objective: The aim of the present study is to analyze the acute effects of WBV exercise on pain levels, functionality (Timed Up and Go (TUG test), anterior trunk flexion (ATF)), and rating of exertion of elderly obese KOA individuals. Methods: Thirty-seven individuals with KOA were allocated to a WBV exercise group (WBVEG), n = 19 (15 females/4 males), and a control group (CG), n = 18 (15 females/3 males). WBVEG performed one session of WBV exercise (11 min, using 5 Hz, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mm, 0.12, 0.25, and 0.37 g). Three bouts were performed (working time of 3 min and rest time of 1 min) using a side-alternating vibrating platform (VP). The same position was used in CG; however, the VP was turned off and there was equipment coupled to the VP that emitted a sound like the vibrations. The pain level was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). Functionality was evaluated with a TUG test and ATF. The rating of subjectively perceived exertion was measured with the category ratio CR-10 (BORG Scale CR-10), Results: A reduction of pain levels in WBVEG after the intervention (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.041) was found. A decrease of TUG test time in both groups (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.045) was found, while no statistical changes were observed in the Borg Scale score. Significant improvements of flexibility in both groups (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.043) were found. Conclusion: One session of WBV exercise can lead to important improvements in individuals with KOA, possibly triggered by physiological responses. However, more studies are needed, in this clinical context, to confirm these results

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Développement urbain des villes moyennes du littoral brésilien : dynamiques spatiales de la commune d'Araruama dans la Região dos Lagos de l’État de Rio de Janeiro.

Economic exploitation of the Brazilian coast for many years has generated a series of spatial changes, including extensive and dispersed urbanization. Medians cities on the coast are in most of cases seaside resorts which the holidays allotments represent the most built type of accommodation. This way of building the seaside cities of Brazil has been transformed its spatial characteristics, specially the land use. Traditional spaces as agricultural, fishing, salt extraction are converted on spaces for local and regional tourism, sometimes very closer to the protected zones. This article exposes the spatial dynamics, in terms of land use, in a city of 112,000 inhabitants of the Região dos Lagos, 100 kms away from the capital of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The analysis of the dynamics occurred after urban development, characterized by spatial dispersion and extension, mainly by traditional economic changes during 60 years, put in question the future of median cities of Brazilian coast, subjected to the land properties pressure

Urbanization around Araruama lagoon, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil : spatial dynamics and environmental concerns

L’urbanisation représente aujourd’hui une des grandes menaces pour l’environnement, notamment dans les zones littorales où l’exploitation des ressources naturelles est plurielle. Ce travail propose d’apporter une connaissance à deux échelles d’analyse, régionale et communale, sur les changements environnementaux qui ont eu lieu pendant 70 ans d’urbanisation de la Região dos Lagos, située dans l’État de Rio de Janeiro au Brésil. Le phénomène d’urbanisation est caractérisé par deux processus menant à la consommation des espaces naturels et anthropo-naturels : l’extension et la densification urbaines. Ces deux processus posent des questions sur la durabilité de ces espaces, dans une région où l’habitat individuel, à faible densité bâtie et de population, sous la forme de lotissements destinés à l’utilisation temporaire est prédominant. Le lotissement et le logement sont deux éléments d’analyse pratique permettant de comprendre : le développement de l’urbanisation au niveau communal, à partir d’un regard historique et spatial ; et le choix de la localisation des lotissements et leurs caractéristiques d’occupation. Le renvoi à l’échelle régionale montre en effet que toute la région subit les mêmes processus de consommation des espaces naturels et anthropo-naturels et que la durabilité est à l’épreuve des changements des relations homme-nature, fortement touchées par des enjeux environnementaux variés.Urbanization represents nowadays one of the great threats to the environment, mainly in the coastal zones, where the exploitation of natural resources is diversified. This thesis proposes to put in evidence, in two scales of analysis, the environmental changes, during 70 years of Região dos Lagos urbanization, a region situated in Rio de Janeiro State, in Brazil. The urbanization phenomenon is characterized by two process leading to the natural and anthropic-natural spaces consummation : urban extension and densification. These two processes put in question the sustainability of natural and anthropic-natural spaces, in the region where individual habitat, at low built and population density, characterized by residential allotments are often used temporarily. The allotments and the habitat are two elements of practical analysis that highlight the urbanization development at municipal scale, in an historical and spatial structure, and that to induce hypothesis that have oriented the choices of allotments localization and its characteristics of occupation. The return to the regional scale highlight effectively that all the region has been undergone the same natural and anthropic-natural spaces consummation processes, and sustainability is taken by human and nature relations changes, strongly affected by different environmental concerns

A Lagoa Araruama: memória e Identidade da cidade de Araruama

The aim of this work is to present identities moments of the memory of the city of Araruama in a narrow relation with its landscape and to the changes that in it had established. Moments that intrinsically had been tied with the transformations of the urban space in result of the growth and city development. These changes had caused the environmental characteristics of Araruama lagoon, what it came for modifying several times the landscape and, therefore in the identity of the city. Landscape and memory as representation of the urban identity, place for us the foundation of this research project. To disclose the landscape and the memory was the way by which the identities at the three moments of the city could have been rescued. Therefore, the comprehension of this process concludes that the city all coexists at the moment the construction and disconstruction of its space. And the need of reconstruction in the urban planning can, in fact, influence in the course of its history, being reconsidered identity aspects and influencing.the city planning.objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os momentos identitários da memória da cidade de Araruama numa estreita relação com a sua paisagem e às mudanças que nela se estabeleceram. Momentos tais que estiveram intrinsecamente vinculados às transformações do espaço urbano em decorrência do crescimento e desenvolvimento da cidade. Essas transformações alteraram as características ambientais da lagoa Araruama, o que veio por modificar por diversas vezes a paisagem e, portanto a identidade da cidade. Paisagem e memória como representação da identidade urbana, colocam para nós a base de construção do projeto de pesquisa. Revelar a paisagem e a memória foi o meio pelo qual as identidades em três momentos da cidade puderam ser resgatadas. Portanto, o entendimento deste processo conclui que a cidade participa em todo momento da construção e desconstrução do seu espaço. E que a necessidade de reconstrução pode, de fato, influenciar no percurso da sua história reconsiderando aspectos identitários e auxiliando no processo do planejar a cidade

Développement urbain des villes moyennes du littoral brésilien : dynamiques spatiales de la commune d'Araruama dans la Região dos Lagos de l’État de Rio de Janeiro.

Economic exploitation of the Brazilian coast for many years has generated a series of spatial changes, including extensive and dispersed urbanization. Medians cities on the coast are in most of cases seaside resorts which the holidays allotments represent the most built type of accommodation. This way of building the seaside cities of Brazil has been transformed its spatial characteristics, specially the land use. Traditional spaces as agricultural, fishing, salt extraction are converted on spaces for local and regional tourism, sometimes very closer to the protected zones.This article exposes the spatial dynamics, in terms of land use, in a city of 112,000 inhabitants of the Região dos Lagos, 100 kms away from the capital of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The analysis of the dynamics occurred after urban development, characterized by spatial dispersion and extension, mainly by traditional economic changes during 60 years, put in question the future of median cities of Brazilian coast, subjected to the land properties pressure