ANÁLISE DA COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL E PREVALÊNCIA DE DOENÇAS CRÔNICO-DEGENERATIVAS EM ADULTOS DE DIFERENTES FAIXAS ETÁRIAS

Percebe-se atualmente que fatores associados ao excesso de peso e obesidade são os maiores problemas de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Além disso, com o avançar da idade, existe uma tendência à propensão de doenças. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar envelhecimento associado obesidade ou sobrepeso e ocorrência de doenças crônico-degenerativas em indivíduos de diferentes faixas etárias. A amostra foi composta por 77 indivíduos, sendo 40 homens 37 mulheres, com média de idade de 30 anos (±9,36), residentes em Presidente Prudente – SP. Foi mensurado o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Percentual de Gordura Corporal (%GC) e Obesidade Abdominal (OAB). Além disso, foram investigados os casos de Doenças Crônico-Degenerativas (DCD). Foi observado que indivíduos com idade até 30 anos possuem menor prevalência de sobrepeso, obesidade e doenças crônico-degenerativas. Dessa forma, é possível concluir que a ocorrência de excesso de peso e obesidade, bem como o surgimento de complicações patológicas, ocorre com maior frequência em indivíduos com idade mais avançada

Influência do exercício físico resistido no metabolismo da próstata de ratos UChB (bebedor voluntário de etanol a 10%)

O consumo de etanol está associado a alterações metabólicas e reprodutivas, causando doenças, como o câncer de próstata. Umas das medidas que pode amenizar a manifestação do câncer, incluindo o da próstata, é o exercício físico regular. Nosso trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar a influência do exercício físico resistido e do etanol no metabolismo da próstata ventral de ratos adultos. Vinte ratos Wistar sem a preferência ao etanol, 20 ratos UChB, consumo alto de etanol e 20 ratos UChB abstinentes foram divididos em seis grupos. Tres grupos foram submetidos ao treinamento físico com uma semana de adaptação e 13 semanas de treinamento, realizando quatro séries de 10 saltos com sobrecarga crescente de 50-70% do peso corporal preso ao tórax, com 60 segundos de descanso entre cada série, três vezes por semana. Os demais grupos permaneceram sedentários. Dois dias após a última sessão de treinamento, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia por decaptação, o sangue e as regiões intermediária e distal da próstata ventral foram coletados e processados para análises imunohistoquímicas, Western Blot, hormonais e bioquímicas. Nossos resultados sugerem que o exercício físico altera o metabolismo prostático através das interações parácrinas prevenindo as lesões prostáticasEthanol consumption is associated with reproductive and metabolic changes, causing diseases such as prostate câncer. The ethanol chronic consumption of is associated with prostate cancer. One of the measures that can lessen the manifestation of cancer, including prostate, is regular exercise. Our work aims to evaluate the influence of resistive exercise and metabolism of ethanol in the ventral prostate of adult rats. Twenty rats without preference to ethanol, 20 UChB rats, ethanol high consumption and 20 UChB abstinent rats were divided into six groups. Three groups were subjected to physical training consisted of one week for adaptation and 13 weeks of physical training, performing four sets of 10 jumps with increasing overload of 50-70% body weight attached to the chest with 60 seconds rest between each series, three times per week. The other groups remained sedentary. Two days after the last training session, rats were euthanized by decapitation, blood and the intermediate and distal ventral prostate regions were collected and processed for immunohistochemical, western blot, biochemical and hormonal analysis. Our results suggest that exercise alters the metabolism of the prostate through paracrine interactions preventing prostate lesionsFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Calvaria Critical Size Defects Regeneration Using Collagen Membranes to Assess the Osteopromotive Principle: An Animal Study

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a common practice in implantology, and it is necessary to use membranes in this process. The present study aimed to evaluate the osteopromotive principle of two porcine collagen membranes in critical-size defects at rats calvaria. Ninety-six Albinus Wistar rats were divided into BG (positive control), JS, CS, and CG (negative control) groups and were sacrificed at 7, 15, 30, and 60 days postoperatively. The samples were assessed by histological, histometric, immunohistochemical, and microtomographic analyses. More intense inflammatory profile was seen in the JS and CS groups (p p = 0.193), while CS did not demonstrate the capacity to promote bone formation. At the immunohistochemical analysis, the CS showed mild labeling for osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OP), the JS demonstrated mild to moderate for OC and OP and the BG demonstrated moderate to intense for OC and OP. The tridimensional analysis found the lowest average for the total volume of newly formed bone in the CS (84,901 mm2), compared to the BG (319,834 mm2) (p < 0.05). We conclude that the different thicknesses and treatment techniques of each membrane may interfere with its biological behavior

Morfometria das fibras musculares do músculo reto femoral de ratos submetidos à nicotina e ao treinamento aeróbio

A musculatura estriada esquelética apresenta plasticidade fenotípica e pode se alterar mediante o tabagismo e o exercício físico. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar os efeitos do tratamento crônico de nicotina associado ao treinamento aeróbio sobre o Músculo Reto Femoral (mRF). Para tanto, foram utilizados 16 ratos jovens machos Wistar, divididos em 4 grupos: Grupo Controle (GC, N=4); Grupo Fumante (GF, N=4); Grupo Exercício (GE, N=4); Grupo Fumante Exercício (GFE, N=4).  Os animais foram submetidos a um sistema de inalação de nicotina e protocolo de exercício em esteira por 60 dias. Os animais foram pesados e eutanasiados, o mRF dissecado, pesado, fixado em formol 10% e submetido à coloração Hematoxilina e Eosina. Imagens de campos aleatórios do aspecto transversal do músculo foram capturadas e aproximadamente 200 fibras musculares de cada animal analisadas quanto à área da secção transversal (AST) e submetidas à ANOVA seguida pelo Test de Fisher, p0,05. O GFE apresentou maior peso muscular em relação ao GC, p = 0,0019.  Na análise da AST das fibras musculares totais do mRF, o GFE apresentou diferença significativa em relação ao GC (p=0,0189). Em relação à região superficial, o GE obteve valor de AST superior ao GC (p=0,0502), bem como o grupo GFE (p=0,0038). Concluímos que as fibras musculares do GFE apresentaram-se hipertrofiadas e que pode existir correlação entre o exercício aeróbio e o consumo da nicotina na alteração dessas fibras. ABSTRACT Morphometry of muscle fibers of the rectus femoris muscle of rats submitted to nicotine and to aerobic trainingThe skeletal striated muscle tissue presents phenotypic plasticity and it can be altered with cigarette smoke and physical exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the nicotine chronical treatment associated with aerobic training about rectus Femoral Muscle (rFM). Four groups of young male Wistar rats were studied (N=16): Control Group (CG, N=4); Smoking Group (SG, N=4); Exercise Group (EG, N=4); Smoking Exercise Group (SEG, N=4). The animals were submitted to nicotine inhalation system and treadmill exercise protocol during 60 days. The animals were weighed and euthanized, the mRF dissected, weighed, fixed in 10% formol and it submitted to Hematoxylin and Eosin coloration. Randon images  with approximately 200 muscular fibers of each animal  were captured in the transversal aspect of the muscle, analyzed cross-sectional area (CSA) and submitted to ANOVA followed by Ficher’s Test, p0,05. The SEG presented a higher weigh muscular in relation to CG, p=0, 0019. On the CSA analysis of the rFM total muscle fibers, the SEG presented significant difference in relation to GC (p=0,0502), the same occurred with SEG group (p=0,0038). In conclusion, the muscular fibers SEG became hypertrophied and can be correlation between aerobic exercise and cigarette smoke about muscle fibers

Physical resistance training-induced changes in lipids metabolism pathways and apoptosis in prostate

Altered lipid metabolism is an important characteristic of neoplastic cells, with androgens and growth factors being major regulatory agents of the lipid metabolism process. We investigated the effect of physical resistance training on lipid metabolism and apoptosis in the adult Wistar rat prostate. Two experimental groups represented sedentary and physical resistance training. Three days per week for 13 weeks, rats performed jumps in water carrying a weight load strapped to their chests as part of a physical resistance exercise protocol. Two days after the last training session, rats were anesthetized and sacrificed for blood and prostate analysis. Physical exercise improved feeding efficiency, decreased weight gain, regulated the serum-lipid profile, and modulated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and free testosterone concentration. Furthermore, upregulation of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), and reduced lysosome membrane protein (LIMPII) expression were also observed in the blood and prostates of trained rats. Consistent with these results, caspase-3 expression was upregulating and the BCL-2/Bax index ratio was decreased in trained rats relative to sedentary animals. Physical exercise improved feeding efficiency, decreased weight gain, regulated the serum-lipid profile, and modulated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and free testosterone concentration. Furthermore, upregulation of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), and reduced lysosome membrane protein (LIMPII) expression were also observed in the blood and prostates of trained rats. Consistent with these results, caspase-3 expression was upregulating and the BCL-2/Bax index ratio was decreased in trained rats relative to sedentary animals191COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP00108/00479-6; 13/25927-0This study was supported by FAPESP - São Paulo Research Foundation (Proc. 08/00479–6), (Proc.13/25927–0) and was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES) - Finance code 00

The effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the morphology of skeletal muscle after concurrent training

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in association with concurrent training on morphological soleus muscle of rats. Wistar male rats were divided randomly into four groups: Control (C), Supplemented (S), Training (T) and Training + Supplemented (TS). Groups S and TS received 76mg/kg/day of HMB and the training groups (T and TS) were inserted into concurrent training program 3 times/week for 8 weeks. HMB had positive effects either on body composition of the animals or in type II muscle fibers. The concurrent exercise training was able in reducing the total fat mass as well as in increasing the diameter of muscle fibers. Our findings shows that HMB had an anti-catabolic effect with reference to the parameters of volume, weight and morphology of the soleus muscle, and there was a positive interaction between HMB supplementation and concurrent exercise training

Long exposure to a mixture of endocrine disruptors prediposes the ventral prostate of rats to preneoplastic lesions

Endocrine disruptors (ED) are compounds dispersed in the environment that modify hormone biosynthesis, affecting hormone-dependent organs such as the prostate. Studies have only focused on evaluating the effects of ED alone or in small groups and short intervals and have not adequately portrayed human exposure. Therefore, we characterized the prostate histoarchitecture of rats exposed to an ED mixture (ED Mix) mimicking human exposure. Pregnant females of the Sprague-Dawley strain were randomly distributed into two experimental groups: Control group (vehicle: corn oil, by gavage) and ED Mix group: received 32.11 mg/kg/day of the ED mixture diluted in corn oil (2 ml/kg), by gavage, from gestational day 7 (DG7) to post-natal day 21 (DPN21). After weaning at DPN22, the male pups continued to receive the complete DE mixture until they were 220 days old when they were euthanized. The ED Mix decreased the epithelial compartment, increased the fractal dimension, and decreased glandular dilation. In addition, low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was observed in addition to regions of epithelial atrophy in the group exposed to the ED Mix. Exposure to the mixture decreased both types I and III collagen area in the stroma. We concluded that the ED Mix was able to cause alterations in the prostatic histoarchitecture and induce the appearance of preneoplastic lesions