167 research outputs found

    Über das Vorkommen des Flimmerepithels in der Tube der Haussäugetiere während der Trächtigkeit und Brunst :vorläufige Mitteilung

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    Digiteeritud Euroopa Regionaalarengu Fondi rahastusel, projekti "Eesti teadus- ja õppekirjandus" (2014-2020.12.03.21-0848) raames.https://www.ester.ee/record=b1665687*es

    Monte Carlo simulation of nonlinear Couette flow in a dilute gas

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    The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method is applied to solve the Boltzmann equation in the steady planar Couette flow for Maxwell molecules and hard spheres. Nonequilibrium boundary conditions based on the solution of the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model for the Couette flow are employed to diminish the influence of finite-size effects. Non-Newtonian properties are characterized by five independent generalized transport coefficients: a viscosity function, a thermal conductivity function, two viscometric functions, and a cross coefficient measuring the heat flux orthogonal to the thermal gradient. These coefficients depend nonlinearly on the shear rate. The simulation results are compared with theoretical predictions given by the Grad method and the BGK and the ellipsoidal statistical (ES) models. It is found that the kinetic models present a good agreement with the simulation, especially in the case of the ES model, while the Grad method is only qualitatively reliable for the momentum transport. In addition, the velocity distribution function is also measured and compared with the BGK and ES distributions.Comment: 25 pages (including 15 figures); minor changes; revised version accepted for publication in Physics of Fluid

    Efficient simulations of charged colloidal dispersions: A density functional approach

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    A numerical method is presented for first-principle simulations of charged colloidal dispersions in electrolyte solutions. Utilizing a smoothed profile for colloid-solvent boundaries, efficient mesoscopic simulations are enabled for modeling dispersions of many colloidal particles exhibiting many-body electrostatic interactions. The validity of the method was examined for simple colloid geometries, and the efficiency was demonstrated by calculating stable structures of two-dimensional dispersions, which resulted in the formation of colloidal crystals.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

    Molecular dynamics of flows in the Knudsen regime

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    Novel technological applications often involve fluid flows in the Knudsen regime in which the mean free path is comparable to the system size. We use molecular dynamics simulations to study the transition between the dilute gas and the dense fluid regimes as the fluid density is increased.Comment: REVTeX, 15 pages, 4 EPS figures, to appear in Physica

    Heat conduction in the diatomic Toda lattice revisited

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    The problem of the diverging thermal conductivity in one-dimensional (1-D) lattices is considered. By numerical simulations, it is confirmed that the thermal conductivity of the diatomic Toda lattice diverges, which is opposite to what one has believed before. Also the diverging exponent is found to be almost the same as the FPU chain. It is reconfirmed that the diverging thermal conductivity is universal in 1-D systems where the total momentum preserves.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.

    Plus and minus ends of microtubules respond asymmetrically to kinesin binding by a long-range directionally driven allosteric mechanism

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    Although it is known that majority of kinesin motors walk predominantly toward the plus end of microtubules (MTs) in a hand-over-hand manner, the structural origin of the stepping directionality is not understood. To resolve this issue, we modeled the structures of kinesin-1 (Kin1), MT, and the Kin1-MT complex using the elastic network model and calculated the residue-dependent responses to a local perturbation in the constructs. Kin1 binding elicits an asymmetric response that is pronounced in α/β-tubulin dimers in the plus end of the MT. Kin1 opens the clefts of multiple plus end α/β-tubulin dimers, creating binding-competent conformations, which is required for processivity. Reciprocally, MT induces correlations between switches I and II in the motor and enhances fluctuations in adenosine 5′-diphosphate and the residues in the binding pocket. Our findings explain both the directionality of stepping and MT effects on a key step in the catalytic cycle of kinesin

    Granular Collapse as a Percolation Transition

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    Inelastic collapse is found in a two-dimensional system of inelastic hard disks confined between two walls which act as an energy source. As the coefficient of restitution is lowered, there is a transition between a state containing small collapsed clusters and a state dominated by a large collapsed cluster. The transition is analogous to that of a percolation transition. At the transition the number of clusters n_s of size s scales as nssτn_s \sim s^{-\tau} with τ2.7\tau \approx 2.7.Comment: 10 pages revtex, 5 figures, accepted by Phys Rev E many changes and corrections from previous submissio
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