Use of growth regulator in reducing the size of Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth.

Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. is a species with ornamental potential, highlighted by the orange color of the flowers and the formation of inflorescences in racemes. Because it is a native species and few plant breeding information, studies are needed to be used commercially, one of the aspects to be investigated is the reduction of its size for potting. The objective was to evaluate the influence of daminozide in reducing the size of Sesbania punicea. The seedlings were grown in 2.8 L pots containing substrate based on pine bark. A completely randomized design was used, with 3 treatments, 1 control, with 4 replications, 5 plants per plot. The treatments consisted of daminozide in doses of 2, 4 and 6 g L⁻¹ and control (water + 1 mL L⁻¹ adhesive spreader) that were sprayed using a 2 L accumulated pressure sprayer on the plants on the 22nd and 44th days after transplant. At the end of the experiment, height, stem diameter, dry matter of shoot and roots, chlorophyll a, b and total, number of leaves and internodes were evaluated. There were significant differences for plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant and shoot dry matter. It is concluded that the dose of 5.8 g L⁻¹ of daminozide showed superior results for the reduction the size of this species

Breaking seed dormancy in Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth

The objective of this study was to evaluate methods of breaking dormancy in Sesbania punicea seeds for seedling production. The treatments used were control, manual scarification for 40 s, manual scarification for 60 s, thermal scarification and chemical scarification. After the treatments were carried out, the seeds were placed to germinate at 25 ºC and a 16-hour photoperiod for 14 days. The germination percentage, average germination time, germination speed index, percentage of normal seedling formation, shoot length, root system length and percentage of hard seeds were evaluated. A completely randomized design with four replications of 25 seeds was used. The data were submitted to ANOVA and the means compared by Tukey 5%. There was a difference for all the analyzes evaluated, except for the length of the aerial part. The treatment with manual scarification 60 s had superior results, being indicated for overcoming dormancy of seeds of S. punicea.Sesbania punicea is a native plant of Brazil, has ornamental features inflorescences arranged in bunches of orange coloring. Its main form of propagation is through seeds, but these present integumentary dormancies, for which there is still no method of overcoming established. The objective of this study was to evaluate methods of breaking dormancy in S. punicea seeds for seedling production. The treatments used were control - no treatment, hand scarification with sandpaper grade 80 for 40 sec.; hand scarification with sandpaper grade 80 for 60 sec.; thermal treatment by soaking in water from 80ºC to room temperature and chemical treatment - stirring in 0.5 L solution of 12% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), 3 mL of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 20 g of commercial sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissolved in 1 L of water, for 45 min.).After the treatments, the seeds were wrapped in rolls of autoclaved germitest paper and moistened with distilled water 2.5 times the weight of the sheet. Then, the rolls were placed in plastic bags, stored in the upright position, and incubated at 25ºC, in a 16 h photoperiod, for 14 days. A completely randomized design with four replications of 25 seeds was used. The germination percentage, average germination time, germination speed index, percentage of normal seedling formation, shoot length, root system length and percentage of hard seeds were evaluated. There was a difference for all the analyzes evaluated, except for the length of the aerial part. The dormancy breaking method through mechanical scarification using sandpaper for 60 sec., enables the propagation and formation of S. punicea seedlings

Biometria e maturação de sementes de Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth

The objective of the study was to evaluate the biometry of fruits and seeds of S. punicea in order to determine the point of collection for production of seedlings of the species. The fruits of S. punicea were collected from plants in situ in Barra do Ribeiro, RS. In the laboratory, they were separated by staining in: stage 1, 2 and 3. Fruits and seeds were measured with digital caliper (mm), counting the number of seeds and locules. At each stage water content, seed dry matter and germination test were evaluated. For this last one, four replications of 25 seeds were placed in germination chamber during 16 days, photoperiod of 12 hours and temperature of 25ºC. The variables analyzed were germination, germination speed index, average germination time, percentage of normal and abnormal seedlings, and hard seeds. It was observed that in stage 2 the seeds have larger dimensions, a higher percentage of germination and formation of normal seedlings, and a higher rate of germination speed. It is concluded that fruits must be harvested at stage 2 of maturation, as seeds have the highest rates of germination and normal seedlings, as well as the lowest rates of insect damage.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a biometria de frutos e sementes de S. punicea a fim de determinar o ponto de coleta para produção de mudas da espécie. Os frutos de S. punicea foram coletados em plantas in situ em Barra do Ribeiro, RS. No laboratório, foram separados pela coloração em: estádio 1, 2 e 3. Os frutos e as sementes foram mensurados com paquímetro digital (mm), contados o número de sementes e lóculos. Em cada estádio foi avaliado o teor de água, matéria seca de sementes e teste de germinação. Para este último utilizou-se quatro repetições de 25 sementes acondicionadas em câmara de germinação durante 16 dias, fotoperíodo de 12 horas e temperatura de 25ºC. As variáveis analisadas foram germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, porcentagem de plântulas normais e anormais, e sementes duras. Foi observado que no estádio 2 as sementes apresentam maiores dimensões, maior porcentagem de germinação e formação de plântulas normais, e maior índice de velocidade de germinação. Conclui-se que os frutos devem ser colhidos no estágio 2 de maturação, quando as sementes apresentam maiores taxas de germinação e formação de plântulas normais, bem como, menor taxa de danos por inseto

Uso de regulador de crescimento na redução do porte de Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth

Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. is a species with ornamental potential, highlighted by the orange color of the flowers and the formation of inflorescences in racemes. Because it is a native species and few plant breeding information, studies are needed to be used commercially, one of the aspects to be investigated is the reduction of its size for potting. The objective was to evaluate the influence of daminozide in reducing the size of Sesbania punicea. The seedlings were grown in 2.8 L pots containing substrate based on pine bark. A completely randomized design was used, with 3 treatments, 1 control, with 4 replications, 5 plants per plot. The treatments consisted of daminozide in doses of 2, 4 and 6 g L⁻¹ and control (water + 1 mL L⁻¹ adhesive spreader) that were sprayed using a 2 L accumulated pressure sprayer on the plants on the 22nd and 44th days after transplant. At the end of the experiment, height, stem diameter, dry matter of shoot and roots, chlorophyll a, b and total, number of leaves and internodes were evaluated. There were significant differences for plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant and shoot dry matter. It is concluded that the dose of 5.8 g L⁻¹ of daminozide showed superior results for the reduction the size of this species.Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. é uma espécie com potencial ornamental, destacado pela coloração alaranjada das flores e, formação das inflorescências, em racemos. Por ser uma espécie nativa e poucas informações fitotécnicas são necessários estudos para que esta possa ser utilizada comercialmente, um dos aspectos a ser investigado é a redução do porte para uso em vaso. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de daminozide na redução do porte de Sesbania punicea. As mudas foram cultivadas em vasos de 2,8 L contendo substrato a base de casca de pinus. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 3 tratamentos, 1 testemunha, com 4 repetições, 5 plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por daminozide nas dosagens de 2, 4 e 6 g L⁻¹ e testemunha (água + espalhante adesivo 1 mL L⁻¹) que foram pulverizados utilizando pulverizador de pressão acumulada de 2 L nas plantas, ao 22° dia e 44° dia após o transplante. Ao final do experimento foram avaliados: altura, diâmetro do colo do caule, massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e de raízes, clorofila a, b e total, número de folhas e entrenós. Houve diferenças significativas para altura das plantas, diâmetro do colo, número de folhas por planta e massa seca de parte aérea. Conclui-se que a dose de 5,8 g L⁻¹ de daminozide apresentou resultados superiores para a redução de porte dessa espécie

Chromatographic analysis and antiproliferative potential of aqueous extracts of Punica granatum fruit peels using the Allium cepa test

Punica granatum L., conhecida como romanzeira, é originária da Ásia e encontra-se distribuída por todo Brasil. É usada para o tratamento de doenças inflamatórias, infecciosas e respiratórias. Em decorrência da grande utilização de recursos fitoterápicos, é necessário esclarecer à população sobre a grande quantidade de substâncias existentes nas plantas e sobre os benefícios e prejuízos de tais substâncias à saúde. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar a análise cromatográfica e o estudo da genotoxicidade dos extratos aquosos das cascas dos frutos de P. granatum através do teste de Allium cepa L. Para a montagem do experimento, foram utilizados 7 tratamentos: T1-água destilada, T2-chá 5 g.L-1, T3-chá 10 g.L-1, T4-glifosato a 9,6%, T5-glifosato para recuperação em água destilada, T6-glifosato para recuperação em chá 5 g.L-1 e T7-glifosato para recuperação em chá 10 g.L-1. As radículas foram coletadas e fixadas em etanol:ácido acético (3:1) por 24 horas, e armazenadas em álcool 70%, sob refrigeração. Realizou-se análise por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência para quantificação dos compostos fenólicos. Nos extratos de P. granatum foram observados em maior quantidade: ácido gálico, catequina, ácido cafeico e rutina. Além disso, os extratos demonstraram potencial antiproliferativo, sem apresentar atividade antimutagênica e genotóxica.Punica granatum L., locally known as romanzeira, is native to Asia but found throughout Brazil. P. granatum is used for treating inflammatory, infectious and respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chromatography and genotoxicity of an aqueous extract of P. granatum (pomegranate) fruit peel using the Allium cepa L. test. The experiment set-up entailed 7 treatments: T1-distilled water, T2-tea 5 g.L-1, T3-tea 10 g.L-1, T4-glyphosate at 9.6%, T5-glyphosate with subsequent recovery in distilled water, T6-glyphosate with subsequent recovery in tea 5 g.L-1 and T7-glyphosate with subsequent recovery in tea 10 g.L-1. The rootlets were collected and fixed in ethanol:acetic acid (3:1) for 24 hours, then stored in 70% ethanol under refrigeration. Analysis was performed using high performance liquid chromatography for the quantification of the extracted phenolic compounds. Gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, and rutin were abundant in the extracts of P. granatum. The extracts were found to exhibit antiproliferative potential but not antimutagenic or genotoxic activity

Genotoxic and chromatographic analyses of aqueous extracts of Peltodon longipes Kunth ex Benth. (hortelã-do-campo)

Peltodon longipes é utilizada como estimulante e emenagoga. Objetivou-se realizar análises genotóxica e cromatográfica dos extratos de duas amostras de P. longipes, coletadas nos municípios de Santa Maria e Tupanciretã, RS, Brasil. O teste de Allium cepa foi utilizado para análise da genotoxicidade e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, para determinação dos compostos fenólicos. O experimento de genotoxicidade constou de nove grupos de quatro bulbos de A. cepa. Os bulbos foram enraizados em água destilada e após transferidos para os tratamentos, por 24 horas, permanecendo o controle negativo em água. Os tratamentos foram: extratos aquosos nas concentrações de 5 e 15 g L-1 de cada amostra, além de quatro grupos tratados com glifosato 1%, um deles usado como controle positivo e outros três para testar a recuperação de danos ao DNA, utilizando água e os extratos de P. longipes da amostra de Santa Maria. Todos os extratos de P. longipes demonstraram potencial antiproliferativo, porém o efeito foi significativamente maior para os extratos da amostra de Tupanciretã. Essa amostra também apresentou maior quantidade de ácido rosmarínico e canferol, o que pode estar relacionado com os efeitos encontrados nesses extratos. Somente extratos da amostra de Santa Maria demonstraram potencial genotóxico.Peltodon longipes is used as a stimulant and emmenagogue. The objective of this study was to perform genotoxic and chromatographic analyses of the extracts of two samples of P. longipes, collected from the cities of Santa Maria and Tupanciretã, RS, Brazil. The Allium cepa assay was used to analyze genotoxicity while high-performance liquid chromatography was employed to determine phenolic compounds. The genotoxicity experiment consisted of nine groups each comprising four A. cepa bulbs. Bulb roots were developed in distilled water and then transferred for the treatments, for 24 hours, and the negative control remained in water. The treatments were: aqueous extracts at concentrations of 5 and 15 g L-1 for each sample, plus four groups treated with 1% glyphosate, one of which was used as a positive control and the other three for testing DNA damage recovery using water and the extracts of P. longipes from Santa Maria. All extracts of P. longipes exhibited anti-proliferative potential, although the effect was significantly greater for the extracts from the Tupanciretã sample. This sample also contained the highest amount of rosmarinic acid and kaempferol, which may confer the effects found in these extracts. Only extracts from the Santa Maria sample exhibited genotoxic potential

Características físico-químicas de frutos e germinação de sementes de Campomanesia aurea

Campomanesia aurea is a potentially ornamental native fruit shrub. There are no studies on the seed germination capacity and fruit properties of the species. Therefore, the main goal of this paper was to describe the seed germination and the physical and chemical properties of fruits from two C. aurea accession areas. The study was conducted with fruits collected from two native vegetation areas located in the Morro do Osso Natural Park and in the municipality of Barão do Triunfo, Brazil. Physical and chemical analyzes, seed counting and germination tests were performed. Results were submitted to ANOVA and the means were compared by t test at 5% error probability. C. aurea has oblong-shaped fruits weighting around 1.26 g with a high content of vitamin C. Each fruit usually has four intact seeds of which 3% are polyembryonic. Seed germination averaged 93% in 20 days. It is concluded that the C. aurea fruits collected from two different accession areas differ in the concentration of TSS, TSS/TA ratio and vitamin C content, but not physically. Seeds have shown a high germination rate.Campomanesia aurea é uma planta nativa e frutífera de porte arbustivo com potencial ornamental. Ainda não foram encontrados trabalhos que abordem as características dos frutos e a capacidade de germinação das sementes dessa espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as propriedades físicas e químicas dos frutos e a germinação das sementes de dois acessos de C. aurea. O estudo foi conduzido com frutos coletados em áreas de vegetação nativa localizadas no Parque Natural Morro do Osso, em Porto Alegre, e em Barão do Triunfo, RS. Realizaram-se análises físicas e químicas, contagem de sementes e teste de germinação. Os resultados foram submetidos à ANOVA e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste t a 5%. Os frutos de C. aurea tem formato oblongo, pesam em média 1,26 g e apresentam elevado conteúdo de vitamina C. Cada fruto possui em média quatro sementes íntegras, sendo que 3% são poliembriônicas. A germinação média é de 93% e ocorre em 20 dias. Concluiu-se que os frutos de C. aurea coletados a partir de dois acessos diferem na concentração de TSS, na relação TSS/TA e no teor de vitamina C, entretanto, não há diferenças quanto às características físicas. As sementes da espécie possuem alta germinação

In vitro germination of pollen grains of three native species from Pampa biome with ornamental potential

The aim of this work was to verify the in vitro germination of pollen grains of Angelonia integerrima L., Campomanesia aurea O. Berg and Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth in different culture medium and temperatures. For this purpose, flower buds from which pollen was collected and sprayed on plates containing the three evaluated culture medium: M1 - agar and sucrose; M2 - agar, sucrose and H3BO3; M3 - agar, sucrose, H3BO3, Ca(NO3), MgSO4 and KNO3; and two incubation temperatures (20 °C and 30 °C). Data was subjected to analysis of variance after its transformation to square root and means were compared by Fisher’s test (LSD). For the three species, the temperature of 30 ºC provided the highest percentage of pollen grain germination. For A. integerrima, M1 and M3 promoted the highest germination percentages (40.7 % and 56.5 %, respectively). On the other hand, for C. aurea, M2 provided the highest germination average (43.7 %). At last for S. punicea, M3 was the one that provided the highest average (31.62 %). It was concluded that the evaluated species differ in micronutrient requirements for in vitro germination of pollen grains. The temperature of 30 °C was suitable for all three species.The aim of this work was to verify the in vitro germination of pollen grains of Angelonia integerrima L., Campomanesia aurea O. Berg and Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth in different culture medium and temperatures. For this purpose, flower buds from which pollen was collected and sprayed on plates containing the three evaluated culture medium: M1 - agar and sucrose; M2 - agar, sucrose and H3BO3; M3 - agar, sucrose, H3BO3, Ca(NO3), MgSO4 and KNO3; and two incubation temperatures (20 °C and 30 °C). Data was subjected to analysis of variance after its transformation to square root and means were compared by Fisher’s test (LSD). For the three species, the temperature of 30 ºC provided the highest percentage of pollen grain germination. For A. integerrima, M1 and M3 promoted the highest germination percentages (40.7 % and 56.5 %, respectively). On the other hand, for C. aurea, M2 provided the highest germination average (43.7 %). At last for S. punicea, M3 was the one that provided the highest average (31.62 %). It was concluded that the evaluated species differ in micronutrient requirements for in vitro germination of pollen grains. The temperature of 30 °C was suitable for all three species

Limpeza clonal e multiplicação in vitro de Angelonia integerrima Sprengel

The objective of this study is to test stem apex sizes in the in vitro establishing of Angelonia integerrima in order to obtain explants without by fungi and bacteria contamination for further multiplications. The treatments consisted of different stem apex sizes (1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 and 11.0 mm). At 45 and 90 days of cultivation, a count of contaminated explants and a count of shoots per explant formed were performed. In a second experiment, explants were cultivated in a medium containing different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mg L-1). After 56 days of cultivation, the following variables were evaluated: shoot length, shoot fresh mass and number of shoots. During the explant establishment phase (45 days), only stem apexes with 1.0 mm in size were not contaminated. However, in the second subculture (at 90 days), only shoots from initial explants, with 7 mm in size or larger, were contaminated. Regarding multiplication, the presence of BAP showed a positive linear behavior for all variables. It is possible to obtain A. integerrima seedlings free of contamination in vitro by fungi and bacteria, using initial explants less than or equal to 5 mm. IBA provided a linear increment for the multiplication of this species

Desenvolvimento de angelônia em vaso, sob doses de adubo de liberação lenta

Angelonia integerrima is a native species that has ornamental potential, being cultivated in flowerbeds, flowerpots, pots, or even used as a complement in floral arrangements.Knowledge of mineral nutrition is required for the cultivation of the species, and slow release fertilization have become widespread in recent years, with a lower risk of toxicity to crops, an economy in relation to complementary fertilizers and may be an alternative to cultivation of potted plants.The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of Angelonia integerrima Sprengel in pot under slow release fertilization doses. Acclimatized seedlings with approximately 1 cm height, from in vitro germinated seeds were transplanted into 1 L pots containing substrate composted Pinusbark. Five doses of Basacote ® 9M slow release fertilizer, formulation 16-8-12 (N - P2O5 - K2O), 9 months: control - 0 g L-1, 2.5 g L-1, 5.0 g L-1, 7.5 g L-1 and 10.0 g L-1. The plants were grown in a greenhouse under drip irrigation. The shoot length, length of the largest inflorescence, number of stems, diameter of the largest stem, mean length of the stems, number of open flowers, fruits and senescent flowers, chlorophyll a, b and total, mass of dry matter of shoot and root system were evaluated after 286 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replicates of six pots per plot. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by polynomial regression by SigmaPlot 11.0. It was possible to adjust a quadratic equation for the variables: shoot length (with maximum response point in 7.2 g L-1), mean length of stems (6.7 g L-1), diameter of the largest stem and the root system (5.9 g L-1), number of open flowers, buds, senescent flowers and total flowers (7.7 g L-1). For the variables, number of stems, number of fruits, chlorophyll a, b and total did not differ between treatments. The slow releaser fertilizer indicated dose for the cultivation of the potted species is 7.2 g L-1.Angelonia integerrima é uma espécie nativa que possui potencial ornamental podendo ser cultivada em canteiros, floreiras, vasos, ou ainda ser utilizada como complemento em arranjos florais. Para o cultivo da espécie são requeridos conhecimentos sobre nutrição mineral e os adubos de liberação lenta têm-se difundido nos últimos anos, já que apresentam menor risco de causar toxicidade às culturas, economia com relação a adubações complementares e podem ser uma alternativa para o cultivo de plantas em vaso. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de Angelonia integerrima Sprengel em vasos, sob doses de adubo de liberação lenta. Mudas oriundas de sementes germinadas in vitro, com aproximadamente 1 cm de altura foram aclimatizadas e, posteriormente transplantadas para vasos de 1L contendo substrato de casca de Pinus compostada. Foram utilizadas cinco doses do fertilizante de liberação lenta Basacote® 9M, formulação 16-8-12 (N - P2O5 - K2O: controle - 0 g L-1, 2,5 g L-1, 5,0 g L-1, 7,5 g L-1 e 10,0 g L-1. As plantas foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação sob irrigação por gotejamento e, após 286 dias de cultivo, foram avaliados comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento da maior inflorescência, número de hastes, diâmetro da maior haste, comprimento médio das hastes, número de flores abertas, botões, frutos e flores senescentes, clorofila a, b e total, massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de seis vasos por parcela. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) seguido de regressão polinomial pelo SigmaPlot 11.0. Foi possível ajustar uma equação quadrática para as variáveis: comprimento da parte aérea (com ponto de máxima resposta em 7,2 g L-1), comprimento médio das hastes (6,7 g L-1), diâmetro da maior haste (6,4 g L-1), massa da matéria seca da parte aérea (7,8 g L-1) e do sistema radicular (5,9 g L-1), número de flores abertas, botões, flores senescentes e total de flores (7,7 g L-1). Já para as variáveis, número de hastes, número de frutos, clorofila a, b e total não diferiram entre os tratamentos. A dose indicada para o cultivo da espécie em vaso é de 7,2 g L-1 do adubo de liberação lenta