Muscle guarding during Kt-1000 testing as measured by electromyography

Twelve anterior cruciate deficient ACL-D participants volunteered for the study to compare muscular activity before and during two different protocols of KT-1000 knee arthrometer testing (KT-1000). Muscular activity was measured by the amount of electrical activity in specific muscles which cross the injured knee by an electromyogram (EMG). The muscles being tested are the Semimembranosis (SM), the Rectus femoris (RF), the Biceps femoris (BF), the lateral head of the Gastrocnemius (LG), and the medial head of the Gastrocnemius. The resting test (Zero Newtons) involved placing the KT-1000 on a participant but not applying any force. The 89 Newton (89N) test involved pulling the KT-1000 anteriorly with 89 Newtons of pressure. The Manual Maximal (MM) test involves the examiner applying a maximal anterior force to the posterior calf KT-1000 testing was performed at 20{dollar}\beta{-}30\beta{dollar} of knee flexion. EMG recordings were taken 100 times per second. An analysis of variance was performed for each muscle providing information as to which muscles if any are active during testing. Initial results indicate there is evidence that there is no increase in muscular activity during KT-1000 testing on subjects that are ACL-D

Renovation of the Wave Dragon Nissum Bredning Prototype

This paper presents developments of the Wave Dragon, a large offshore wave energy converter. A prototype has been tested in a real sea environment for over 20 months. During 2005 the plant has been in harbor for a major overhaul of several of its components. The motivation for the upgrades, the laboratory testing procedure and the design and manufacture are described. The modifications are complete and the prototype is scheduled to be deployed at a higher energy site i