Studies and Strategies for Board Development: The Workbook of a Board Trainer of Voluntary, Not-For-Profit Organizations

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Simple methods and tables for determining true meridian

The ordinary methods of determining the true meridian by observation on either Polaris or the sun are so tedious to calculate that most surveyors and students dread making them. Observation on Polaris at either elongation or clumination sic require less calculation and are much simpler, but this simplicity is offset by the fact that they must be taken at an exact instant. If a cloud crosses the sky at the time, the surveyor has to wait until the next night. then again the observer must know the date, exact longitude and latitude and correct time for making the observation, and these are not always known in the field. The method described herein was suggested by Professor Harris. Briefly, it consists of taking a complete sunset to sunrise set of observations of the total angle between Urser Minor Polaris and Urser Minor B Beta and the corresponding angle between Polaris and the known true meridian --Introduction, page 3

Increasing women's participation in the primary school teaching force and teacher training in Nepal

Although research shows that Nepalese parents prefer sending girls to schools with female teachers, only 12.8 percent of Nepalese primary school teachers are women. Nepal has among the lowest enrollment and retention rates for girls in the world. One strategy to correct the situation is to increase the number of women who become and remain teachers. But teacher training is also important; 60 percent of Nepalese teachers are untrained, so the quality of education is poor - often rote memorization, with the teacher simply reading textbooks aloud. The author tried to find out what factors affect Nepali women's decision to join the primary school teaching force and to participate in in-service teacher training. Prior studies, using large survey methods, did not provide the information program planners needed. The author chose a research strategy more appropriate to the Nepali culture by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The author focused on the participation of women in the primary teaching force and on two in-service teacher training projects: the Primary Education Project (PEP); and the Radio Education Teacher Training Project (RETT). In the PEP, teachers from 10 to 15 primary schools receive in-service training in short sessions at a resource center. They get roughly a dollar a day to cover their food and lodging costs. The RETT provides in-service training to primary teachers through daily radio broadcasts, plus written assignments and monthly meetings in resource centers. Gender disaggregated information on the RETT and the PEP programs had never been collected. The author hypothesized that female teachers'needs are different from those of their male counterparts and this would reflect in differential participation rates. Some of the author's conclusions are below. First, women are more likely to be recruited as teachers or into training programs if information about positions and programs is made available to them in a timely, accessible way. To do this, extension agents could be hired to bring information from the ministry or program to intended beneficiaries. Teaching positions and training programs could be advertised in short radio messages and in letters to primary school principals. Second, women are less likely to get training if the resource center is inaccessible. To counter disincentives for women to travel away from their homes and villages, culturally acceptable travel companions, lodging, and child care should be provided. Third, the current broadcast time for radio training conflicted with women's household responsibilities. Changing the time to later in the evening would increase female participation in the program. Lastly, women often lacked family support to become teachers or to become trained. To increase such support, existing incentives (including allowances and salary increases) should be publicized.Gender and Education,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,ICT Policy and Strategies,Primary Education,Teaching and Learning

Turtle excluder devices -- Are the escape openings large enough?

All five species of sea turtles in continental U.S. waters are protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and the population sizes of all species remain well below historic levels. Shrimp trawling was determined to be the largest source of anthropogenic mortality of many of the species. As a mechanism to reduce the incidental catch of turtles in trawl nets, turtle excluder devices have been required intermittently in the shrimp fishery since 1987, and at all times since 1994. The expanded turtle excluder device (TED) regulations, implemented in 1994, were expected to reduce shrimp trawl capture of sea turtles by 97%. Recent evidence has indicated that the sizes of turtles stranding were not representative of the animals subjected to being captured by the shrimp trawlers. The purpose of our study was to compare the sizes of stranded sea turtles with the size of the TED openings. We compared the sizes of stranded loggerhead (Caretta caretta), green (Chelonia mydas), and Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) sea turtles, the three species most commonly found stranded, to the minimum widths and heights of TED openings. We found that annually a large proportion of stranded loggerhead turtles (33–47%) and a small proportion of stranded green turtles (1–7%) are too large to fit through the required minimum-size TED openings. The continued high mortality of sea turtles caused by bottom trawling is reason for concern, especially for the northern subpopulation of loggerhead turtles, which currently is not projected to achieve the federal recovery goal of reaching and maintaining prelisting levels of nesting

Pembobotan dan Optimasi untuk Pemilihan Distributor PT Maan Ghodaqo Shiddiq Lestari

Dalam industri manufaktur hubungan antara produsen dan konsumen tidak bisa dipisahkan dengan distributor karena distributor memiliki tugas menyalurkan produk yang dihasilkan produsen kepada konsumen. Jika peran distributor kurang optimal maka proses pendistribusian barang kepada konsumen juga kurang maksimal. Dalam tugas akhir ini dibahas suatu model penyelesaian untuk kasus pemilihan distributor dengan studi kasus di PT Maan Ghodaqo Shiddiq Lestari Jombang Jawa Timur. Metode yang digunakan untuk permasalahan ini yaitu metode analytical hierarchy process untuk pembobotan dan metode goal programming untuk optimasi. Kriteria dan alternatif distributor ditentukan oleh PT Maan Ghodaqo Shiddiq Lestari dimana terdapat lima kriteria dan sepuluh alternatif distributor. Dari kesepuluh alternatif pilihan tersebut jika dipilih hanya 1 distributor hasilnya kurang optimal karena permodalan yang dibutuhkan masih kurang dari target Perusahaan. Hasil optimal ketika output yang dihasilkan terpilih 3 distributor

Uptake and Conversion of Radioactive Carbon Dioxide and Glucose in the Acerola and their Relationship to Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis

A study of the fate of radiocarbon-labeled glucose and carbon dioxide in the acerola (West Indian Cherry) has shown that these substances follow patterns of conversion comparable to those observed in other plants. These substances were not preferentially incorporated into ascorbic acid by acerola fruit. Sucrose, several amino acids, and malic acid appear to compete successfully with ascorbic acid for the label from these precursors

A Multiattribute Analysis of the Commercial Lending Decision

This paper examines the commercial loan decision process from the perspective of the individual loan officer. An analysis of this process concerns the relative effects of various criteria on the loan application and the degree to which tradeoffs are made among them by the loan officer. A basic theory of the process is first developed. The model is then empirically tested using a set of factorially designed combinations of these variables. This format avoids several of the problems previously encountered when the lending process has been empirically examined. The model not only exhibits a high degree of explanatory power but also permits important insights into this process

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING PADA KOMPETENSI DASAR MENERAPKAN DIODA SEMIKONDUKTOR SEBAGAI PENYEARAH KELAS X TEKNIK AUDIO VIDEO DI SMK N 2 SURABAYA.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1)mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning dibandingkan model pembelajaran langsung, (2) Untuk mengetahui respon siswa terhadap model pembelajaran discovery learning pada kompetensi dasar menerapkan dioda semikonduktor sebagai penyearah di SMK Negeri 2 Surabaya.Dan (3) untuk mengetahui keterlaksanaan model pembelajaran discovery learning pada kompetensi dasar menerapkan dioda semikonduktor sebagai penyearah di SMK Negeri 2 Surabaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah Quasi Experiment dengan desain nonequivalent control group design dimana dalam penelitian terdapat dua kelas siswa. Kedua kelas tersebut yakni kelas eksperimen dengan model discovery learning dan kelas kontrol dengan model pembelajaran langsung. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X Teknik Audio Video 1 berjumlah 36 siswa dan siswa kelas X Teknik Audio Video 3 berjumlah 35 siswa SMKN 2 Surabaya tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Instrumen penelitian dalam penelitian ini berupa tes hasil belajar siswa berupa pretest dan postest untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa ranah kognitif, dan untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa pada ranah psikomotor menggunakan ranah psikomotor menggunakan tes hasil pengamatan kinerja.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian uji statistik yaitu uji-t. (1) Hasil uji perbedaan hasil belajar nilai akhir siswa didapat nilai thitung sebesar 15,689,perhitungan menggunakan uji-t pada taraf signifikansi (α) = 0,05, didapatkan thitung > ttabel yaitu 15,689>2,30, sehingga hipotesis  nol (H0) ditolak dan (H1) diterima, maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan discovery learning dan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung. (2) Dari perhitungan lembar angket respon siswa yang telah diberikan diperoleh hasil skor respon siswa sebesar 82,06% dan termasuk dalam kriteria sangat kuat. (3) Sesuai dengan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dan observasi yang dilakukan oleh pengamat, maka penelitian yang dilakukan dengan mengunakan model Discovery Learning terhadap pembelajaran pada kompetensi dasar menerapkan diode semikonduktor sebagai penyearah kelas X T.AV di SMKN 2 Surabaya dapat dinyatakan terlaksana dengan baik dengan hasil observasi penelitian mendapat nilai rata-rata keterlaksanaan sebesar 80%. Kata Kunci : Model Pembelajaran Discovery learning, Model Pembelajaran Langsung, Perbedaan Hasil belajar, Respon siswa, Keterlaksanaan Penelitian

Landscape viewing in metropolitan Boston

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-66).This thesis recognizes the importance of landscape viewing, especially as a solitary act of contemplation. It suggests the creation of a place from which to gaze upon a vast landscape. It postulates that an observation structure can act as a border between the natural world and the constructed world in order to accentuate their differences and to acknowledge the importance of each. In addition, this thesis shows why Route One next to the Lynn Woods Reservation in Metropolitan Boston is an excellent place for a landscape viewing structure. The resulting design is an observation wall located between Route 1 and the Lynn Woods Reservation in Saugus. It is composed of two parts. The primary structure of the composition is two tall, tapering concrete walls that rise from beneath the ground. The walls curve through the landscape, disappearing and reappearing. Their character is a complement to the contours of the land. The secondary structure is a light wood and steel frame construction. This system supports the act of solitary landscape viewing by providing individual viewing lookouts in conjunction with a gallery space, a small library, and a small kitchen. The design is organized as a series of episodes along a continuous ramp. The interplay of the two construction systems is meant to evoke combined feelings of transience and persistence as well as the contrast that exists between the two types of landscape on either side of the walls.by Wendy Ann Teas.M.Arch