Dental Microwear From Natufian Hunter-Gatherers and Early Neolithic Farmers: Comparisons Within and Between Samples

Microwear patterns from Natufian hunter-gatherers (12,500–10,250 bp) and early Neolithic (10,250–7,500 bp) farmers from northern Israel are correlated with location on facet nine and related to an archaeologically suggested change in food preparation. Casts of permanent second mandibular molars are examined with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 500×. Digitized micrographs are taken from the upper and lower part of facet nine. Microwear patterns are recorded with an image-analysis computer program and compared within and between samples, using univariate and multivariate analyses. Comparisons within samples reveal a greater frequency of pits on the lower part of the facet among the farmers, compared to the upper part. Microwear does not vary over the facet among the hunter-gatherers. Comparisons between samples reveal larger dental pits (length and width) and wider scratches among the farmers at the bottom of the facet, compared to the hunter-gatherers. Microwear does not vary between samples at the top of the facet. The microwear patterns suggest that the Natufian to early Neolithic development led to a harder diet, and this is related to an archaeologically suggested change in food processing. The harder diet of the early farmers may have required higher bite forces that were exerted at the bottom of facet nine, in the basin of the tooth

Upstream Metropolis: An Urban Biography of Omaha and Council Bluffs

Review of: "Upstream Metropolis: An Urban Biography of Omaha and Council Bluffs," by Lawrence H. Larsen; Barbara J. Cottrell; , Harl A. Dalstrom; and Kay Calamé Dalstrom

Use of sampling time and type of acclimation in the electrical conductivity assay for heat tolerance in bean cultivars

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 T42Master of ScienceHorticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resource

Post-Suburbia

The years shortly after the end of World War II saw the beginnings of a new kind of community that blended the characteristics of suburbia with those of the central city. Over the decades these "edge cities" have become permanent features of the regional landscape. In Post-Suburbia, historian Jon Teaford charts the emergence of these areas and explains why and how they developed. Teaford begins by describing the adaptation of traditional units of government to the ideals and demands of the changing world along the metropolitan fringe. He shows how these post-suburban municipalities had to fashion a government that perpetuated the ideals of small-scale village life and yet, at the same time, provided for a large tax base to pay for needed municipal services. To tell this story, Teaford follows six counties that were among the pioneers of the post-suburban world: Suffolk and Nassau counties in New York; Oakland County, Michigan; DuPage County, Illinois; Saint Louis County, Missouri; and Orange County, California. Although county governments took on new coordinating functions, Teaford concludes, the many municipalities along the metropolitan fringe continued to retain their independence and authority. Underlying this balance of power was the persistent adherence to the long-standing suburban tradition of grassroots rule. Despite changes in the economy and appearance of the metropolitan fringe, this ideology retained its appeal among post-suburban voters, who rebelled at the prospect of thorough centralization of authority. Thus the fringe may have appeared post-suburban, but traditional suburban attitudes continued to influence the course of governmental development

Scanning Electron Microscope Diagnosis of Wear Patterns versus Artifacts on Fossil Teeth

Recent work with modern mammalian teeth has shown that, during an animal\u27s lifetime, microscopic wear patterns are generally laid down in a regular fashion at specific locations on the teeth. These regularities make it possible to distinguish real dental microwear (resulting from behaviors during life) from artifacts of preservation and preparation (postmortem wear) on fossil teeth. The size, shape, location, and orientation of microscopic wear features can all aid in making such distinctions. Several types of postmortem wear are identifiable on fossil teeth. Since some of these effects are intimately tied to the taphonomic history of the fossil, some postmortem wear will vary significantly within and between paleontological sites. Moreover, certain forms of postmortem wear will undoubtedly pose problems for microwear interpretations involving fragments of teeth. Still, it is usually possible to distinguish postmortem wear from real dental microwear in complete specimens. If there is any doubt about such distinctions, it is best to discard the specimen from the analysis

Oral History Interview: Nellie Teaford Wood

This interview is one of a series conducted concerning the Kanawha County textbook controversy. Note, this contains several different interviews, dated March 15 and March 19 of 1985. The subject of this interview is the Kanawha County textbook controversy, where numerous people protested materials taught in school that they believed immoral, resulting in some violence. In this interview, Mrs. Wood discusses her background, the selection process for textbooks, her views on Alice Moore and other people involved in the protest, why the books were viewed as offensive, racism, and the violence that erupted.https://mds.marshall.edu/oral_history/1241/thumbnail.jp

A Review of Dental Microwear and Diet in Modern Mammals

Recent work has shown that microscopic wear patterns on teeth may yield insights into variations in diet and tooth use in modern and prehistoric mammals. This paper presents a review of dental microwear and diet in modern mammals, plus a discussion of topics for further research. To date, incisor and molar microwear have been examined, although there are far fewer studies of the former. Facilitated by the use of high-resolution casts and scanning electron microscopy, analyses have ranged from: qualitative to quantitative, low magnification to high magnification, and experimental studies to comparative studies of museum collections. Results are encouraging and may lead to further insights into a variety of topics including food processing and dental microstructure

The Birth of a Public Corporation

A Review of Public Property and Private Power: The Corporation of the City of New York in American Law, 1730-1870. by Hendrik Harto