Application of AI in Chemical Engineering

A major shortcoming of traditional strategies is the fact that solving chemical engineering problems due to the highly nonlinear behavior of chemical processes is often impossible or very difficult. Today, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are becoming useful due to simple implementation, easy designing, generality, robustness and flexibility. The AI includes various branches, namely, artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, expert systems and hybrid systems. They have been widely used in various applications of the chemical engineering field including modeling, process control, classification, fault detection and diagnosis. In this chapter, the capabilities of AI are investigated in various chemical engineering fields

ZnO quantum dots-graphene composites: Formation mechanism and enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange dye

The current study demonstrates homogenous decorating of zinc oxide quantum dots (QDs) onto graphene oxide (GO) surface via simple chemical method. The AFM image exhibited that the prepared graphene was 0.8 nm thick and hence practically monolayer. Average size of the ZnO QDs was estimated by transmission electron microscopy around 3 nm. Instrumental and chemical analyses demonstrated formation of a strong bond between ZnO QDs and GO, through C-O-Zn and C-Zn bridges. The UV-visible spectra displayed that the introduction of graphene sheets to ZnO QDs resulted in higher absorption intensity of UV as well as widening of adsorption window toward visible light for ZnO-Graphene due to chemical bond between ZnO QDS and graphene surface. Results showed that adding of graphene up to 30% can improve resistance of ZnO against acids however for keeping the activity of catalyst, the recommended pH is near neutral (pH approximate to 6-7.2). In addition, the presence of graphene on the surface of the ZnO could significantly suppress the photocorrosion effect. The ZnO-Graphene hybrids indicated enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange (MO) with the following order: ZnO-5% Graphene > ZnO-10% Graphene > ZnO QDs > ZnO30%-Graphene. This enhancement of photocatalytic activity may be attributed to the extended absorption of visible light, reducing of electronehole recombination rate, and adsorption of MO molecules onto the huge surface area of graphene, where they are kept at vicinity of ZnO for decomposition. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Early septal activation, successful lateral ablation

The coronary sinus activation pattern is an important clue for the detection of arrhythmia mechanisms and/or localization of accessory pathways. Any change in this pattern during radiofrequency ablation should be evaluated carefully to recognize the presence of another accessory pathway or innocence of the accessory pathway during arrhythmia. Intra-atrial conduction block can change the coronary sinus activation pattern. Negligence regarding this phenomenon can cause irreversible complications. Here we describe a case with left lateral accessory pathway conduction in which intra-atrial conduction block completely reversed the coronary sinus activation pattern. (Cardiol J 2008; 15: 181-185

Griscelli Syndrome: A Case Report

How to Cite This Article: Mansouri Nejad SE, Yazdan panah MJ, Tayyebi Meibodi N, Ashrafzadeh F, Akhondian J, BeiraghiToosi M, Eslamieh H. Griscelli Syndrome: A Case Report. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Autumn;8(4): 72-75.ObjectiveGriscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive immune deficiency disorder that presents with pigmentary dilution of the skin and hair, recurrent skin and pulmonary infections, neurologic problems, hypogammaglobulinemia, and variable cellular immunodeficiency. Three mutations have been described in different phenotypes of the disease. In most of cases, GS leads to death in the first decade of life. In this article, we report a one-year-old child with type 2 GS who suffers from pigmentation disorder and hypogammaglobulinemia.ReferencesKharkar V, Pande S, Mahajan S, Dwiwedi R, Khopkar U. Griscelli syndrome: a new phenotype with circumscribed pigment loss? Dermatol Online J 2007 1;13(2):17.Sheela SR, Latha M, Susy JI. Griscelli syndrome: Rab 27a mutation. Indian Pediatrics 2004; 41:944-947.González Carretero P, Noguera Julian A, Ricart Campos S, Fortuny Guasch C, Martorell Sampol L. Griscelli-Prunieras syndrome: report of two cases. An Pediatr (Barc) 2009 ; 70(2):164-7.Szczawinska-Poplonyk A, Kycler Z, Breborowicz A, Klaudel-Dreszler M, Pac M, Zegadlo-Mylik M, et al. Pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis in Griscelli syndrome type 2. Viral Immunol 2011 Dec;24(6):471-3.Durmaz A, Ozkinay F, Onay H, Tombuloglu M, Atay A, Gursel O, et al. Molecular analysis and clinical findings of Griscelli syndrome patients. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012 Oct;34(7):541-4.Reddy RR, Babu BM, Venkateshwaramma B, Hymavathi Ch. Silvery hair syndrome in two cousins: Chediak-Higashi syndrome vs Griscelli syndrome, with rare associations. Int J Trichology 2011; 3(2):107-11.Sahana M, Sacchidanand S, Hiremagalore R, Asha G. Silvery grey hair: clue to diagnose immunodeficiency. Int J Trichology 2012;4(2):83-5.Mahalingashetti PB, Krishnappa MH, Kalyan PS, Subramanian RA, Padhy S. Griscelli syndrome: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with silvery hair. J Lab Physicians 2012 Jul;4(2):129-30.Schuster F, Stachel DK, Schmid I, Baumeister FA, Graubner UB, Weiss M, et al. Griscelli syndrome: report of the first peripheral blood stem cell transplant and the role of mutations in the RAB27A gene as an indication for BMT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001; 28:409-12.Shamsian BS, Nikoufar M, Esfahani SA, Shamshiri AR, Arzanian MT, Alavi S, et al. A 10-year single center survey of pediatric patients with histiocytic disorders in Iran. Turk J Pediatr 2011; 53(1):34-42.

Frequency of inter- and intraventricular dyssynchrony in patients with heart failure according to QRS width

Aims: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective treatment for heart failure patients with prolongation of QRS duration. Despite careful patient selection, some do not respond to CRT based on QRS complex duration. We sought to evaluate the presence of left ventricular dyssynchrony using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) according to QRS duration in heart failure patients. Methods and results: Ninety-nine patients (mean age 52.6 ± 15.3 years) with severe heart failure left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, 40 ms and intra-LV mechanical delays (defined as Ts-SD >33.4 ms and Ts-diff >100 ms) were correlated with the QRS width and morphology. We found a greater IVMD in Group II patients, compared with patients in Group I (42.5 ± 22.3 vs. 26.8 ± 21, respectively, P 40 ms. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of patients with prolonged QRS (32.1%) did not exhibit inter- or intraventricular dyssynchrony, which may represent a limitation in identifying the ideal QRS interval for the selection of patients for CRT. © The Author 2007

Investigating the Manifestation of Coronary Artery Disease and Determining the Role of Effective Factors in the Need for Pacemaker Insertion in These Patients

BACKGROUND: Many patients who are candidates for a pacemaker are also at the same time risk factors for coronary artery disease such as high blood pressure, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, and therefore the probability of having coronary artery disease is significant. Effective diagnostic measures can be taken to prove the factors affecting the incidence of CAD in patients undergoing pacemakers at high-risk, including angiography. Therefore, it can prevent complications during and after pacemaker implantation, which leads to an increase in the quality of treatment in patients requiring pacemaker implantation. AIM: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the predictive factors of significant coronary artery disease in patients with pacemaker implantation to identify patients in need of coronary angiography at the time of pacemaker implantation. METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out to examine the patients' files that were placed at the heart of Imam Reza Hospital during the period between March 2017 and September 2017. Demographic data, risk factors, echocardiography findings, and angiography, were collected and then recorded using a checklist. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22 and Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney tests were used for determining significates variables. RESULTS: A group of 102 patients who had undergone a permanent cardiac pacemaker insertion due to an atrioventricular (AV) Block were included in the study, and also coronary anatomy was determined coronary angiography. Based on the results, 13.7% of patients with cardiac pacemaker had obstructive coronary artery disease (stenosis > 70%). Factors affecting coronary artery stenosis on angiography include gender, chest pain, history of myocardial infarction, angioplasty, diabetes, smoking, history of aspirin intake, calcium blocker and Plavix, high hematocrit, ST elevation and ST depression in the ECG, and severe mitral regurgitation. CONCLUSION: It seems that in most patients requiring permanent pacemaker insertion because of the atrioventricular (AV) Block, angiography does not change the patient's fate, and so can be ignored. However, in patients who have several risk factors from the listed above, coronary angiography is recommended during admission

The impact of polluted waters on diseases spread in Naseri age (from foreign tourist’s point of view)

در دوره قاجار رعایت بهداشت اهمیت چندانی نداشت و به طور کلی وضعیت بهداشتی در این دوره نا‌بسامان بود. رعایت‌نکردن بهداشت فردی و همچنین نبود آموزش‌های عمومی در زمینه رعایت اصول اولیه بهداشت، منجر به بروز و شیوع بیماری‌ها می‌شد که برخی از آن‌ها به علت استفاده از آب آلوده بود. در دوره قاجار استفاده از آب‌های آلوده‌ منجر به ایجاد بیماری‌هایی‌چون وبا، بیماری‌های گوارشی، پیوک و بیماری‌های پوستی‌ می‌شد. در پژوهش حاضر سعی شده است تا تأثیر آب‌های آلوده بر بیماری‌‌ها در دوره ناصری (به عنوان بخشی از دوره قاجار) از منظر سیاحان خارجی مورد مطالعه قرار گیرد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که از دیدگاه سفرنامه‌نویسان خارجی کمبود و توزیع نامناسب آب‌ها، ناآگاهی عمومی از اصول بهداشتی، بی‌توجهی دولت مرکزی به بهداشت آب‌ها باعث آلودگی آب‌ها در در دوره ناصری و به تبع آن شیوع بیماری‌ها شده است. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و با استفاده از اطلاعات اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای صورت پذیرفته است.Lack of hygiene and general health was deteriorating during Qajar era and as general hygiene was unorganized. Failure to follow personal hygiene beside lack of public education on basic health principles, caused diseases spread that some of them was due to use the polluted water. In this era use the polluted water caused many diseases such as cholera, digestive diseases, guinea worm, and skin diseases. In this study we have tried to show the impact of polluted waters on diseases spread in Naseri age from foreign tourist’s point of view. The findings show that from foreign travel writers’ point of view, lack and inadequate distribution of waters, ignorance public toward sanitation and neglect of central state to water hygiene caused water pollution in Naseri age and consequently diseases spread. The method in this cross-sectional study was conducted using information and library documents. Please cite this article as: Tayyebi, SM. Gharechahi, S. (2015). The impact of polluted waters on diseases spread in Naseri age (from foreign tourist’s point of view). Med History J. 7(24): 47-67

Incessant Ventricular Tachycardia Acutely Controlled with Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Aneurysmal Plication

There are many treatment modalities available to acutely terminate incessant ventricular tachycardia with variable success rates, but some cases tend to prove refractory to all of them. We report a 59-year-old woman presenting with incessant ventricular tachycardia. Echocardiography revealed a large true apical aneurysm and severe left ventricular dysfunction. The arrhythmia was controlled in the operating room after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery and plication of the apical aneurysm

Designing dynamic controller and passive filter for a grid connected micro-turbine

This paper presents a simulation model of electrical components of a grid connected 50 kW single shaft micro-turbine in MATLAB-simulink GUI environment. Micro-turbine consists of a PWM inverter to control the injected power to the load. Deploying micro-turbines with Combined Heat Power (CHP) capability make it so interesting to use in distributed generation. Employing DG creates an un-sinusoidal voltage waveform supplied to the load. Hence, a band pass filter is installed to provide acceptable sinusoidal waveform with the lowest rate of THD for 1 MW load. Simulation results and discussions show that THD confirms to the requirements of IEEE Std 519-1992