ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION OF BUSINESS STUDENTS IN PAKISTAN: MOTIVATIONS AND OBSTACLES

The aim of this study is to examine the entrepreneurial intention of Pakistani business students and the influence of motivators and obstacles of it. Total 637 final year graduates and post graduates business student of Hyderabad and Jamshoro districts participated in the survey. The data was accumulated through self-administrated questionnaires. To measure the reliability, Cronbach’s alpha and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality were employed. Descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, varimax orthogonal rotation method were used to analyze the data. The result showed low degree of entrepreneurial intention amongst business students in Pakistan. They prefer jobs as compare to establish their own business in near future but at the same time they have good intention to start their own business someday. Furthermore, the key motivators recognized by this study are autonomy and employment, whereas capital and risk are significant obstacles. 

ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION OF BUSINESS STUDENTS IN PAKISTAN: MOTIVATIONS AND OBSTACLES

The aim of this study is to examine the entrepreneurial intention of Pakistani business students and the influence of motivators and obstacles of it. Total 637 final year graduates and post graduates business student of Hyderabad and Jamshoro districts participated in the survey. The data was accumulated through self-administrated questionnaires. To measure the reliability, Cronbach’s alpha and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality were employed. Descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, varimax orthogonal rotation method were used to analyze the data. The result showed low degree of entrepreneurial intention amongst business students in Pakistan. They prefer jobs as compare to establish their own business in near future but at the same time they have good intention to start their own business someday. Furthermore, the key motivators recognized by this study are autonomy and employment, whereas capital and risk are significant obstacles. Â

Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Adjustment among Doctors and Nurses in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rawalpindi-Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Study

Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between EI and the quality of nursing care from the viewpoint of nurses and patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a public sector tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, over 6 months from November 2019 to April 2020. The convenience sampling technique was employed. The study groups were qualified practising doctors and nurses including nursing assistants and paramedics. Study groups were provided with a self-administered questionnaire that was filled out after getting consent from the study participants. Data analysis was done by entering it into SPSS version 22. The relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological adjustments among the two groups was assessed by applying an independent T-test. Results: The current study explored that doctors were emotionally intelligent and psychologically well-adjusted as compared to nurses. Females were more emotionally intelligent than males; however, males were better adjusted psychologically. Years of experience had no significant results between both groups, while there was a positive correlation between the department of practice and psychological well-being. Conclusions: It shows that harmonious work environments and friendly interpersonal relationships positively affect the well-being of HCWs and patients. What this indicates is a need to bring about changes within work environments to produce friendly interpersonal relationships and a positive impact on the well-being of HCWs and patients.

Does servant leadership style induce positive organisational behaviors? a conceptual study of servant leadership, psychological capital, and intention to quit relationship

This study examined the impact of servant leadership, an employee and community focused leadership style on followers’ attitude and behaviour. Specifically, in this paper, we examine how servant leadership and psychological capital may enlighten our understanding of psychological mechanisms that affect follower behaviours. Servant leadership style as penned by Robert Greenleaf that servant leaders guide followers to adopt the behaviour of their leaders by putting others needs above their own. Psychological Capital, a form of positive organisational behaviour, gained much importance in recent years because of its usefulness in producing beneficial results for employees and the whole organisation. From emerging research on servant leadership and based on social exchange theory (SET), we proposed a model contending that servant leaders increase employees’ PsyCap which directly influences Employees’ intention to quit. As proposed, servant leadership will be negatively related to employees’ intention to quit and positively related to PsyCap. PsyCap will mediate the relationship between servant leadership and intention to quit

PREVALENCE OF ASTHMA IN SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN OF URBAN AND SEMI-URBAN AREA

Introduction: A common chronic illness in school going children is asthma and it’s been reported that this illness goes mostly under-diagnosed and sometimes untreated. Objectives: It is estimated that among children that are school going under 8th standard in Punjab’s urban areas asthma is prevailing. There are various factors that are associated to the illness in the study subjects. Material and methods: a cross sectional study was done among middle school children mostly between 7th and 8th standard in urban and semi urban areas. The questionnaire this study is based on was also used by ISAAC (International study of asthma and allergies in childhood). Results: Asthma diagnosed among 331 children and the questionnaire found it to be 13.9% in the study population. 87% of the patients was recently diagnosed with asthma. Various factors were found to be associated with the disease including allergy, family history of asthma, cough without cold and other significant factors. The prevalence ratio of both females and males was 1 male: 1.5 female. Conclusions: The results of this study are consistent with other studies which confirms that the prevalence of the disease is higher

The Effectiveness of Aquatic Exercises in Improving Balance and Gait in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

Aim: Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects older persons. The second most common disease among adults living in communities is osteoarthritis, which also has the second-highest overall medical cost aggregate. Objective: This review aimed to synthesize evidence for the effectiveness of aquatic exercises on the mobility, balance, gait, and posture of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Method: The databases utilized for literature searching were Embase, PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane library, and web of science. The search was conducted for literature selection on electronic databases up to November 2022. The selected studies were randomized controlled trials conducted in the past 12 years and published in English. To assess the methodological quality of the selected studies, the PEDro scale for quality assessment was applied. Results: Out of 366 obtained studies from the initial search, 10 trials met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review. All the included studies were found to have good methodological quality when assessed by the PEDro scale. A total of 531 participants, 74 males, and 457 females were evaluated with ages above 40 years. The aquatic exercise sessions for 3 to 12 weeks, 2 to 5 times a week for 30 to 90 minutes were administered across the studies. Although the method, duration, and frequency of aquatic interventions varied widely regarding mobility and balance in the studies, most of the studies found significant improvement in balance, postural control, and mobility. No convincing evidence can be provided for the improvement of gait and reduction of postural sway for both genders. Conclusion: Aquatic exercises are generally effective for the management and treatment of elderly patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis and should be used as an initial treatment option. Aquatic exercises with proper protocols of warm-up, specific aquatic exercise sessions, and cool-down are effective for the improvement of mobility, balance, and postural control in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Novel form of rhizomelic skeletal dysplasia associated with a homozygous variant in GNPNAT1

Background Studies exploring molecular mechanisms underlying congenital skeletal disorders have revealed novel regulators of skeletal homeostasis and shown protein glycosylation to play an important role. Objective To identify the genetic cause of rhizomelic skeletal dysplasia in a consanguineous Pakistani family. Methods Clinical investigations were carried out for four affected individuals in the recruited family. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was completed using DNA from two affected and two unaffected individuals from the family. Sequencing data were processed, filtered and analysed. In silico analyses were performed to predict the effects of the candidate variant on the protein structure and function. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used to study the effect of Gnpnat1 gene knockdown in primary rat chondrocytes. Results The patients presented with short stature due to extreme shortening of the proximal segments of the limbs. Radiographs of one individual showed hip dysplasia and severe platyspondyly. WGS data analyses identified a homozygous missense variant c.226G>A; p.(Glu76Lys) in GNPNAT1, segregating with the disease. Glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase, encoded by the highly conserved gene GNPNAT1, is one of the enzymes required for synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine, which participates in protein glycosylation. Knockdown of Gnpnat1 by siRNAs decreased cellular proliferation and expression of chondrocyte differentiation markers collagen type 2 and alkaline phosphatase, indicating that Gnpnat1 is important for growth plate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Conclusions This study describes a novel severe skeletal dysplasia associated with a biallelic, variant in GNPNAT1. Our data suggest that GNPNAT1 is important for growth plate chondrogenesis.Peer reviewe