8 research outputs found

    Energy potential of algal biomass obtained in high rate algal ponds for production of solid biofuels

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    O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial energético da biomassa algal produzida em lagoas de alta taxa para a produção de biocombustíveis sólidos. Assim, foram avaliadas diferentes biomassas algais para a produção de energia, todas cultivadas como subproduto do tratamento de efluentes em lagoas de alta taxa (LATs), a saber: i) Biomassa produzida em efluente doméstico e coletada diretamente da LAT (L) ii) Biomassa produzida em efluente doméstico em sistema misto lagoa-painéis e coletada dos painéis (P) e iii) biomassa proveniente do tratamento de efluente da indústria de beneficiamento de carnes e coletada diretamente da LAT (I). As três biomassas foram caracterizadas quanto a sua composição química elementar (CHNOS), matérias voláteis, carbono fixo, teor de cinzas, poder calorífico superior, inferior e útil, análise de macro, micronutrientes e metais pesados, densidade a granel, densidade energética e análise termogravimétrica. Posteriormente, foram produzidos briquetes a partir da mistura das biomassas algais com epicarpo do fruto de pinhão manso em diferentes proporções e foram determinadas e avaliadas as propriedades físicas, químicas e mecânicas dos briquetes. Pode-se concluir que biomassa algal I mostrou-se como a melhor alternativa para geração de energia térmica, pois apresentou maior massa residual orgânica na análise termogravimétrica (TGA) e também devido ao seu maior teor de carbono e hidrogênio e ao seu alto poder calorífico e densidade energética. As biomassas L e P, em contrapartida, apresentaram características desfavoráveis à utilização energética principalmente devido ao baixo poder calorífico e alto teor de cinzas. A adição da biomassa algal na composição briquetes, em geral, diminuiu a higroscopicidade e o teor de carbono fixo, e por outro lado aumentou a densidade aparente, o teor de cinzas e a densidade energética. A produção de briquetes compostos por biomassa algal e epicarpo do fruto de pinhão manso em escala laboratorial mostrou-se tecnicamente viável devido principalmente a alta densidade energética obtida em todos os tratamentos. Dessa forma, a biomassa algal I, na proporção de 50%, apresentou-se como a melhor matéria prima para produção de briquetes por promoverem o aumento do poder calorífico, teor de materiais voláteis, densidade aparente, densidade energética e por apresentar menores teores de cinzas comparados aos briquetes compostos pelas biomassas L e P.The objective of this study is to assess the energy potential of algal biomass for solid biofuels production. Thus, were evaluated different algal biomass for energy production, all of them were cultured as a byproduct of the effluent treatment in the high rate algal ponds (HRAPs). They are: i) produced biomass in domestic wastewater and collected directly from HRAP (L) ii) Biomass produced in domestic wastewater on a mixed pond-panel system and collected from the panels (P) and iii) biomass from treatment of industrial effluent and collected directly from the HRAP (I). At first, the three biomass were characterized by chemical composition (CHNOS), volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash content, higher, lower and net calorific value, macro, micronutrients and heavy metals analysis, bulk density, energy density and TGA. From the analysis of the results it can be concluded that algal biomass I showed up as the best alternative to thermal power generation, as it presented higher organic residual mass in the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and also because of its higher carbon content, hydrogen, its high calorific value and energy density. The biomass L and P, however, it showed unfavorable characteristics to energy use mainly due to the low calorific value and high ash content. Subsequently, briquettes were produced from the mixture of algal biomasses with epicarp of Jatropha in different proportions, thus were determined, and evaluated the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the briquettes. The results showed that the addition of the algal biomass in the briquettes, in general, decreased hygroscopicity and the fixed carbon content, and on the other hand increased bulk density, ash content and energy density. The production of briquettes made up of algal biomass and epicarp of the jatropha fruit on a laboratory scale proved that it is technically feasible mainly due to high energy density obtained in all treatments.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

    Defining priority zones for conservation and ecotourism in a protected area

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    With the objective of promoting nature conservation, this study proposes an environmental zoning for a protected area that contains part of the remaining Atlantic Forest, a global hotspot that is home to several endangered species of flora and fauna. Conflicting therewith, the protected area is an important tourist attraction in the region and receives many visitors throughout the year. For the zoning preparation, the main factors and constraints of each objective (ecotourism and conservation) are established, and a multi-criteria analysis is used, in addition to the MOLA (Multi-Objective Land Allocation) algorithm, to establish the most suitable areas for each use. Extreme protection areas are defined through the intersection of endemic vegetation and soils and altitudes above 1,500 m. Thus, a fraction of 18% is obtained for extreme protection, 59% for conservation, and 23% for areas destined for ecotourism development. The results demonstrate the advantages of using these methods, due to their simplicity, which can support administrators in planning the protected area. The zoning is in accordance with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) recommendation because the conservation area corresponds to approximately 77% of the park area, reinforcing the suitability and applicability of the methodology that is used for the zoning of a protected area.Neste trabalho foi proposto um zoneamento para uma área protegida, que tem como missão a conservação da natureza e contém parte da Mata Atlântica residual, um hotspot mundial, que abriga diversas espécies da fauna e flora ameaçadas de extinção. Conflitando-se a esse uso, a área protegida é um importante atrativo turístico da região e recebe muitos visitantes ao longo do ano. Para a elaboração do zoneamento, foram estabelecidos os principais fatores e restrições de cada objetivo (ecoturismo e conservação) e utilizou-se de uma análise multicritério e do algoritmo MOLA (Multi-Objective Land Allocation) para estabelecer as áreas mais adequadas a cada uso. Foram estipuladas áreas de proteção extrema, através de uma interseção entre solos e vegetação endêmicas e altitudes superiores a 1500 m. Assim, obteve-se uma fração de 18% para as áreas destinadas a proteção extrema, 59% para a conservação e 23% para as destinadas ao desenvolvimento do ecoturismo. Os resultados explicitaram as vantagens da utilização desses métodos dada a sua simplicidade, podendo auxiliar os gestores no planejamento da área protegida. O zoneamento obtido está de acordo com a recomendação da IUCN, visto que a área de conservação correspondeu à aproximadamente 77% da área do parque, reforçando a adequabilidade e aplicabilidade da metodologia empregada para o objetivo de zoneamento de área protegidas

    DEFINING PRIORITY ZONES FOR CONSERVATION AND ECOTOURISM IN A PROTECTED AREA

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    ABSTRACT With the objective of promoting nature conservation, this study proposes an environmental zoning for a protected area that contains part of the remaining Atlantic Forest, a global hotspot that is home to several endangered species of flora and fauna. Conflicting therewith, the protected area is an important tourist attraction in the region and receives many visitors throughout the year. For the zoning preparation, the main factors and constraints of each objective (ecotourism and conservation) are established, and a multi-criteria analysis is used, in addition to the MOLA (Multi-Objective Land Allocation) algorithm, to establish the most suitable areas for each use. Extreme protection areas are defined through the intersection of endemic vegetation and soils and altitudes above 1,500 m. Thus, a fraction of 18% is obtained for extreme protection, 59% for conservation, and 23% for areas destined for ecotourism development. The results demonstrate the advantages of using these methods, due to their simplicity, which can support administrators in planning the protected area. The zoning is in accordance with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) recommendation because the conservation area corresponds to approximately 77% of the park area, reinforcing the suitability and applicability of the methodology that is used for the zoning of a protected area

    Histone deacetylase inhibitor during in vitro maturation decreases developmental capacity of bovine oocytes.

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    This study aimed to evaluate the effect of scriptaid during pre-maturation (PIVM) and/or maturation (IVM) on developmental competence of bovine oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were submitted to PIVM for 6 h in the presence or absence of scriptaid. COCs were distributed into five groups: T1-IVM for 22 h, T2-PIVM for 6 h and IVM for 22 h, T3-PIVM with scriptaid for 6 h and IVM for 22 h, T4-PIVM for 6 h and IVM with scriptaid for 22 h, and T5-PIVM with scriptaid for 6 h and IVM with scriptaid for 22 h. Nuclear maturation, gene expression, cumulus cells (CCs) expansion, and embryo development and quality were evaluated. At the end of maturation, all groups presented the majority of oocytes in MII (P>0.05). Only HAT1 gene was differentially expressed (P0.05). In conclusion, presence of scriptaid in PIVM and/or IVM did not improve developmental competence or embryo quality
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