Experimental characterization of a supercapacitor-based electrical torque-boost system for downsized ICE vehicles

The need to improve fuel economy and reduce the emission of CO2 and other harmful pollution from internal-combustion-engine vehicles has led to engine downsizing. However, downsized turbocharged engines exhibit a relatively low torque capability at low engine speeds. To overcome this problem, an electrical torque boost may be employed while accelerating and changing gear and to facilitate energy recovery during regenerative braking. This paper describes the operational requirements of a supercapacitor-based torque-boost system, outlines the design and sizing of the electrical drive-train components, and presents experimental characterization of a demonstrator system

Letter from J.B. Taylor to Jacob G. Armstrong

J.B. Taylor, an acquaintance of Jacob, reasurres him that his family member at Libby Prison has not indicated Thomas is sick. Taylor relays that a prisoner exchange is under discussion but not imminent.https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/harvey-letters/1188/thumbnail.jp

Oil of Chenopodium and Chenopodium Plants for the Eradication of Round Worms in Swine

1. The results of this series of tests indicate that if pigs are badly infested with worms, worming them once by an efficient method as soon as possible after weaning will reduce feed costs during the subsequent feeding period. 2. Worming the pigs a second time resulted in increased rather than decreased feed costs as compared with pigs wormed only once. 3. The results of two tests indicate that chenopodium plants may be used as a forage crop to eliminate worms and reduce grain and supplements required to produce 100 pounds of gain. 4. Cultural methods for development of chenopodium are now in progress, and as soon as completed specific recommendations as to its practical value as a forage crop for worming pigs will be made

Palaeogeographical patterns in late Ordovician bryozoan morphology as proxies for temperature

Several studies have revealed temperature-related patterns in recent bryozoans, both in the chemical composition of the skeleton and in the morphological characters of the colonies, but comparable studies on Palaeozoic bryozoans are lacking. In this paper a statistical analysis of the morphological differences is undertaken between congeneric species of some Ordovician bryozoans from warm- and cold-water settings. For this study ten eurythermic cosmopolitan bryozoan genera from the Upper Ordovician were selected from the Mediterranean, Avalonia, Baltic and Laurentia-Siberian provinces. These genera are: Ceramopora and Ceramoporella (Cystoporata); Diplotrypa, Eridotrypa, Hallopora, Heterotrypa, Monticulipora and Trematopora (Trepostomata); Graptodictya (Cryptostomata); and Kukersella (Cyclostomata). The study involved 154 samples belonging to 104 different species. Twenty-eight morphological characters were measured, although only 21 were used in the final statistical analysis. Univariate (t, F, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney tests), multivariate discriminant and multivariate ordination (Principal Coordinates, Principal Components, Correspondence, and Detrended Correspondence) analyses were performed on the data. For the univariate and multivariate discriminant analyses, the total set of samples was divided a priori into cold- and warm-water subsets based on palaeolatitude: samples from the Mediterranean province were attributed to the cold-water subset, whereas samples from Avalonia, Baltic and the Laurentian-Siberian provinces were included in the warm-water subset. For the multivariate ordination analysis no a priori grouping by water temperature was imposed, and the aim of these analyses was to test whether different samples were correctly arranged along a water temperature gradient. The univariate statistical analysis showed that there are clear morphological differences between cold- and warm-water species in six of the ten Late Ordovician bryozoan genera analysed in this study, although these differences are only evident for some of the characters used, and only when the analysis is performed on individual genera. The best characters to differentiate species by water temperature are those related to the size of the zooidal polymorphs, especially the diameters of the autozooecia, mesozooecia and exilazooecia. With the exception of one genus (Trematopora), cold-water species have larger zooids. The discriminant analysis was able to classify correctly as warm- or cold-water 100% of the samples for two genera, slightly below 95% for two other genera, and between 67% and 90% for the remaining six genera. Finally, the multivariate ordination analysis was able to separate species by palaeogeographical province in some genera, but these provinces were not correctly arranged along a palaeolatitudinal gradient using any of the methods used

Wheat and Wheat By-Products for Laying Hens

Wheat is the second largest grain crop in South Dakota and is grown extensively in many parts of the state. It has long been recognized as being second only to yellow corn as an individual grain for poultry. Wheat bran and middlings have for many years been a recognized part of starting, growing, and laying mashes for chick and poultry feeding but definite experimental work on their actual individual values seems to be lacking. As wheat is grown on so many farms, particularly in certain sections in the state, and as poultry is kept on approximately 85 per cent of South Dakota farms, this study was undertaken to determine whether ground wheat could be substituted in laying mashes for the more commonly recommended bran and middlings

Numerical modelling of perimeter pile groups in clay

The load distribution among piles in a group varies such that the inner piles often carry a smaller share of the total load compared to the outer piles, which is a result of increased soil–pile interaction. The main objective of this paper is to establish the relative effectiveness of pile groups with no inner piles (perimeter group), when compared to the more common grid configuration. The numerical investigation utilized the finite element programme ABAQUS and considered a range of variables that affect pile group behaviour including number of piles, pile spacing, length/diameter ratio, and soil strength. It was demonstrated that a complete grid group is less efficient than a perimeter group, where efficiency is defined as the load capacity of the whole group expressed as a ratio of the number of piles in the group multiplied by the load capacity of a single isolated pile. Efficiencies close to unity were observed for some perimeter groups. Perimeter groups also showed that a “block” type group failure could occur, where piles were placed at a spacing of less than 2.0 pile diameters,d, centre-to-centre. This often, but not always, led to a reduction in the efficiency of the pile group

Observational constraints on the neutron star mass distribution

Radio observations of neutron star binary pulsar systems have constrained strongly the masses of eight neutron stars. Assuming neutron star masses are uniformly distributed between lower and upper bounds $m_l$ and $m_u$, the observations determine with 95\% confidence that $1.01 < m_l/\text{M}_\odot < 1.34$ and $1.43 < m_u/\text{M}_\odot < 1.64$. These limits give observational support to neutron star formation scenarios that suggest that masses should fall predominantly in the range $1.3<m/\text{M}_\odot<1.6$, and will also be important in the interpretation of binary inspiral observations by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory.Comment: Postscript, 4 pages, NU-GR-

Elliptic curves of large rank and small conductor

For r=6,7,...,11 we find an elliptic curve E/Q of rank at least r and the smallest conductor known, improving on the previous records by factors ranging from 1.0136 (for r=6) to over 100 (for r=10 and r=11). We describe our search methods, and tabulate, for each r=5,6,...,11, the five curves of lowest conductor, and (except for r=11) also the five of lowest absolute discriminant, that we found.Comment: 16 pages, including tables and one .eps figure; to appear in the Proceedings of ANTS-6 (June 2004, Burlington, VT). Revised somewhat after comments by J.Silverman on the previous draft, and again to get the correct page break