401 research outputs found
Double V on the Homefront: African American Women Volunteers in Knoxville, Tennessee During World War II
Many historians have studied World War II and its effect on women, but few look at the efforts of black women in homefront defense. This study addresses the questions in what ways did African American women participate on the homefront? Who volunteered, and how did national African American women\u27s groups motivate members to work for segregationist organizations? Evidence from local and national sources, including Red Cross national memoranda, Red Cross minute books from Knox County, local newspapers, and national African American women\u27s clubs magazines. suggest that African American women volunteered on many different levels in Knoxville. They joined groups directed by national sororities, the U.S.O., the Red Cross, and local church groups. During World War II, African American organizations promoted a non-violent protest against inequality through participation in the war. This thesis focuses on the African American recruiting guidelines of the Red Cross and Joint Army and Navy Boards and committees (U.S.O.) and the volunteerism policies of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority, the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses, and the National Association of Colored Women. In addition, it will highlight club women\u27s participation in Knoxville\u27s nursing and first-aid classes, production units, U.S.O.s, and local grass-roots victory efforts
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Optical Spectroscopy Of X-Ray Sources In The Extended Chandra Deep Field South
We present the first results of our optical spectroscopy program aimed to provide redshifts and identifications for the X-ray sources in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South. A total of 339 sources were targeted using the IMACS spectrograph at the Magellan telescopes and the VIMOS spectrograph at the VLT. We measured redshifts for 186 X-ray sources, including archival data and a literature search. We find that the active galactic nucleus (AGN) host galaxies have on average redder rest-frame optical colors than nonactive galaxies, and that they live mostly in the "green valley." The dependence of the fraction of AGNs that are obscured on both luminosity and redshift is confirmed at high significance and the observed AGN spatial density is compared with the expectations from existing luminosity functions. These AGNs show a significant difference in the mid-IR to X-ray flux ratio for obscured and unobscured AGNs, which can be explained by the effects of dust self-absorption on the former. This difference is larger for lower luminosity sources, which is consistent with the dust opening angle depending on AGN luminosity.National Aeronautics and Space Administration PF8-90055, NAS8-03060NSF AST0407295Spitzer JPL RSA1288440Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)National Academy of SciencesNASA/INTEGRAL NNG05GM79GAstronom
HST Observations of the Host Galaxies of BL Lacertae Objects
Six BL Lac objects from the complete 1 Jy radio-selected sample of 34 objects
were observed in Cycle 5 with the HST WFPC2 camera to an equivalent limiting
flux of mu_I~26 mag/arcsec^2. Here we report results for the second half of
this sample, as well as new results for the first three objects, discussed
previously by Falomo et al. (1997). In addition, we have analyzed in the same
way HST images of three X-ray-selected BL Lacs observed by Jannuzi et al.
(1997). The ensemble of 9 BL Lac objects spans the redshift range from z=0.19
to ~1. Host galaxies are clearly detected in seven cases, while the other two,
at z~0.258 (redshift highly uncertain) and z=0.997, are not resolved. The HST
images constitute a homogeneous data set with unprecedented morphological
information between a few tenths of an arcsecond and several arcseconds from
the nucleus, allowing us in 6 of the 7 detected host galaxies to rule out
definitively a pure disk light profile. The host galaxies are luminous
ellipticals with an average absolute magnitude of M_I~-24.6 mag (with
dispersion 0.7 mag), more than a magnitude brighter than L* and comparable to
brightest cluster galaxies. The morphologies are generally smooth and have
small ellipticities (epsilon<0.2). Given such roundness, there is no obvious
alignment with the more linear radio structures. In the six cases for which we
have HST WFPC2 images in two filters, the derived color profiles show no strong
spatial gradients and are as expected for K-corrected passively evolving
elliptical galaxies. The host galaxies of the radio-selected and X-ray-selected
BL Lacs for this very limited sample are comparable in both morphology and
luminosity.Comment: 23 pages, including 6 postscript figures and 3 tables (embedded).
Latex requires aaspp4.sty and psfig.sty (not included). Accepted for
publication in the Astrophysical Journa
Spectroscopic Identification of Massive Galaxies at z~2.3 with Strongly Suppressed Star Formation
We present first results of a spectroscopic survey targeting K-selected
galaxies at z=2.0-2.7 using the GNIRS instrument on Gemini-South. We obtained
near-infrared spectra with a wavelength coverage of 1.0-2.5 micron for 26
K-bright galaxies (K<19.7) selected from the MUSYC survey using photometric
redshifts. We successfully derived spectroscopic redshifts for all 26 galaxies
using rest-frame optical emission lines or the redshifted Balmer/4000 Angstrom
break. Twenty galaxies have spectroscopic redshifts in the range 2.0<z<2.7, for
which bright emission lines like Halpha and [OIII] fall in atmospheric windows.
Surprisingly, we detected no emission lines for nine of these 20 galaxies. The
median 2 sigma upper limit on the rest-frame equivalent width of Halpha for
these nine galaxies is ~10 Angstrom. The stellar continuum emission of these
same nine galaxies is best fitted by evolved stellar population models. The
best-fit star formation rate (SFR) is zero for five out of nine galaxies, and
consistent with zero within 1 sigma for the remaining four. Thus, both the
Halpha measurements and the independent stellar continuum modeling imply that
45% of our K-selected galaxies are not forming stars intensely. This high
fraction of galaxies without detected line emission and low SFRs may imply that
the suppression of star formation in massive galaxies occurs at higher redshift
than is predicted by current CDM galaxy formation models. However, obscured
star formation may have been missed, and deep mid-infrared imaging is needed to
clarify this situation.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
The Origin of Line Emission in Massive z~2.3 Galaxies: Evidence for Cosmic Downsizing of AGN Host Galaxies
Using the Gemini Near-InfraRed Spectrograph (GNIRS), we have assembled a
complete sample of 20 K-selected galaxies at 2.0<z<2.7 with high quality
near-infrared spectra. As described in a previous paper, 9 of these 20 galaxies
have strongly suppressed star formation and no detected emission lines. The
present paper concerns the 11 galaxies with detected Halpha emission, and
studies the origin of the line emission using the GNIRS spectra and follow-up
observations with SINFONI on the VLT. Based on their [NII]/Halpha ratios, the
spatial extent of the line emission and several other diagnostics, we infer
that four of the eleven emission-line galaxies host narrow line active galactic
nuclei (AGNs). The AGN host galaxies have stellar populations ranging from
evolved to star-forming. Combining our sample with a UV-selected galaxy sample
at the same redshift that spans a broader range in stellar mass, we find that
black-hole accretion is more effective at the high-mass end of the galaxy
distribution (~2.9x10^11 Msun) at z~2.3. Furthermore, by comparing our results
with SDSS data, we show that the AGN activity in massive galaxies has decreased
significantly between z~2.3 and z~0. AGNs with similar normalized accretion
rates as those detected in our K-selected galaxies reside in less massive
galaxies (~4.0x10^10 Msun) at low redshift. This is direct evidence for
downsizing of AGN host galaxies. Finally, we speculate that the typical stellar
mass-scale of the actively accreting AGN host galaxies, both at low and at high
redshift, might be similar to the mass-scale at which star-forming galaxies
seem to transform into red, passive systems.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
The molecular basis of color vision in colorful fish: Four Long Wave-Sensitive (LWS) opsins in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) are defined by amino acid substitutions at key functional sites
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Comparisons of functionally important changes at the molecular level in model systems have identified key adaptations driving isolation and speciation. In cichlids, for example, long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsins appear to play a role in mate choice and male color variation within and among species. To test the hypothesis that the evolution of elaborate coloration in male guppies (<it>Poecilia reticulata</it>) is also associated with opsin gene diversity, we sequenced long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsin genes in six species of the family Poeciliidae.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Sequences of four LWS opsin genes were amplified from the guppy genome and from mRNA isolated from adult guppy eyes. Variation in expression was quantified using qPCR. Three of the four genes encode opsins predicted to be most sensitive to different wavelengths of light because they vary at key amino acid positions. This family of LWS opsin genes was produced by a diversity of duplication events. One, an intronless gene, was produced prior to the divergence of families Fundulidae and Poeciliidae. Between-gene PCR and DNA sequencing show that two of the guppy LWS opsins are linked in an inverted orientation. This inverted tandem duplication event occurred near the base of the poeciliid tree in the common ancestor of <it>Poecilia </it>and <it>Xiphophorus</it>. The fourth sequence has been uncovered only in the genus <it>Poecilia</it>. In the guppies surveyed here, this sequence is a hybrid, with the 5' end most similar to one of the tandem duplicates and the 3' end identical to the other.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Enhanced wavelength discrimination, a possible consequence of opsin gene duplication and divergence, might have been an evolutionary prerequisite for color-based sexual selection and have led to the extraordinary coloration now observed in male guppies and in many other poeciliids.</p
The Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC): Deep Near-Infrared Imaging and the Selection of Distant Galaxies
We present deep near-infrared JHK imaging of four 10'x10' fields. The
observations were carried out as part of the Multiwavelength Survey by
Yale-Chile (MUSYC) with ISPI on the CTIO 4m telescope. The typical point source
limiting depths are J~22.5, H~21.5, and K~21 (5sigma; Vega). The effective
seeing in the final images is ~1.0". We combine these data with MUSYC UBVRIz
imaging to create K-selected catalogs that are unique for their uniform size,
depth, filter coverage, and image quality. We investigate the rest-frame
optical colors and photometric redshifts of galaxies that are selected using
common color selection techniques, including distant red galaxies (DRGs),
star-forming and passive BzKs, and the rest-frame UV-selected BM, BX, and Lyman
break galaxies (LBGs). These techniques are effective at isolating large
samples of high redshift galaxies, but none provide complete or uniform samples
across the targeted redshift ranges. The DRG and BM/BX/LBG criteria identify
populations of red and blue galaxies, respectively, as they were designed to
do. The star-forming BzKs have a very wide redshift distribution, a wide range
of colors, and may include galaxies with very low specific star formation
rates. In comparison, the passive BzKs are fewer in number, have a different
distribution of K magnitudes, and have a somewhat different redshift
distribution. By combining these color selection criteria, it appears possible
to define a reasonably complete sample of galaxies to our flux limit over
specific redshift ranges. However, the redshift dependence of both the
completeness and sampled range of rest-frame colors poses an ultimate limit to
the usefulness of these techniques.Comment: 17 pages in emulateapj style, 13 figures. Submitted to the
Astronomical Journal. Data will be made available upon publicatio
The Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC): Deep Medium-Band optical imaging and high quality 32-band photometric redshifts in the ECDF-S
We present deep optical 18-medium-band photometry from the Subaru telescope
over the ~30' x 30' Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (ECDF-S), as part of the
Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC). This field has a wealth of
ground- and space-based ancillary data, and contains the GOODS-South field and
the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. We combine the Subaru imaging with existing
UBVRIzJHK and Spitzer IRAC images to create a uniform catalog. Detecting
sources in the MUSYC BVR image we find ~40,000 galaxies with R_AB<25.3, the
median 5 sigma limit of the 18 medium bands. Photometric redshifts are
determined using the EAZY code and compared to ~2000 spectroscopic redshifts in
this field. The medium band filters provide very accurate redshifts for the
(bright) subset of galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts, particularly at 0.1 <
z 3.5. For 0.1 < z < 1.2, we find a 1 sigma scatter in \Delta
z/(1+z) of 0.007, similar to results obtained with a similar filter set in the
COSMOS field. As a demonstration of the data quality, we show that the red
sequence and blue cloud can be cleanly identified in rest-frame color-magnitude
diagrams at 0.1 < z < 1.2. We find that ~20% of the red-sequence-galaxies show
evidence of dust-emission at longer rest-frame wavelengths. The reduced images,
photometric catalog, and photometric redshifts are provided through the public
MUSYC website.Comment: 19 pages, 14 image
The Grizzly, April 27, 2006
Full Auditorium Discusses Solutions to Diversity Issues at Forum • A Senior Reflects on Her Ursinus Experience • Annual Student Art Show Opens • Crowding First Base • One Last Look Back • Students\u27 Artwork Featured Permanently in Myrin Library • Exploring the Nature of Suburban Sprawl • Opinions: Unnecessary Police Watch; Organic Obsession • Year in Review, Dynasties and Disappointmentshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1714/thumbnail.jp
The Student Movement Volume 105 Issue 7: Putting the Finishing Touches on Fall Semester
NEWS
Andrews Releases Spring 2021 Opening Plan, Amanda Cho
Creating Visions for the Future, Joelle Kim
Semester Reflections: Living During a Global Pandemic, Taylor Uphus
PULSE
The Best Drive-Through Meals, Masy Domecillo
Reviewing Leaving the Shadowland of Stress, Depression, and Anxiety , Jessica Rim
Study Tips: Re-Examining Routine, Wambui Karanja
HUMANS
Christmas vs. Thanksgiving, Interviewed by Abigail Lee
Interview with Dongchan Kim, AUSA Executive Vice President, Interviewd by Ben Lee
Studying Abroad in Argentina: An Interview with Lisiane Umuhire, Interviewed by TJ Hunter
ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT
Creative Spotlight: Ivan Rachath, Interviewed by Megan Napod
Elementary, Hannah Cruse
It\u27s Beginning to Sound A Lot Like Christmas!, Megan Napod
IDEAS
The Good, Kyara Samuels
The Power of Resource, Evin N. Musgrove
LAST WORD
Fallen Titans: Remembering Alex Trebek and Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, Daniel Selfhttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-105/1008/thumbnail.jp
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