Slab waveguide with air core layer and anisotropic left-handed material claddings as a sensor

A three-layer slab waveguide with air core layer and anisotropic left-handed material claddings is investigated for sensing applications. Different from the waveguide mode sensors and surface plasmon resonance sensors in which the analyte is placed in the evanescent field region, the proposed sensor contains the sample in the core region that supports the oscillating field. Due to the strong concentration of the electromagnetic field in the analyte medium, the proposed device exhibits unusual sensitivity enhancement. The simulations revealed that the sensitivity improvement of TE3 mode compared to conventional evanescent wave sensor is approximately a factor of 20

Guided Waves in a Left-Handed Material Guiding Film With a Ferrite Cladding

We investigate TE guided modes at microwave frequencies in an asymmetric waveguide structure with a left-handed material guiding layer surrounded by a linear dielectric substrate and a gyromagnetic ferrite cladding. The effect of the gyromagnetic ferrite layer parameters on the dispersion properties of the waveguide structure is investigated in details. It is found that the effective wave index of the structure is negative as if the overall structure is a left-handed material. A considerable effect of the gyromagnetic ferrite layer on the dispersion properties of the structure is observed. The power propagating in each layer is also studied.We investigate TE guided modes at microwave frequencies in an asymmetric waveguide structure with a left-handed material guiding layer surrounded by a linear dielectric substrate and a gyromagnetic ferrite cladding. The effect of the gyromagnetic ferrite layer parameters on the dispersion properties of the waveguide structure is investigated in details. It is found that the effective wave index of the structure is negative as if the overall structure is a left-handed material. A considerable effect of the gyromagnetic ferrite layer on the dispersion properties of the structure is observed. The power propagating in each layer is also studied

Guided Modes In A Metal-Clad Waveguide Comprising a Left Handed Material As a Guiding Layer

An investigation of guided modes supported by an asymmetrical three layer metal-clad waveguide structure is presented. A left-handed material (LHM) guiding layer sandwiched between a metal substrate and a dielectric cladding is considered. The dispersion characteristics of TE and TM polarizations are analyzed. The effect of the metal layer and the LHM parameters as well as the mode order on the dispersion characteristics and on the power flow is discussed in details. The results reveal many interesting properties for possible applications in optical waveguide sensing.An investigation of guided modes supported by an asymmetrical three layer metal-clad waveguide structure is presented. A left-handed material (LHM) guiding layer sandwiched between a metal substrate and a dielectric cladding is considered. The dispersion characteristics of TE and TM polarizations are analyzed. The effect of the metal layer and the LHM parameters as well as the mode order on the dispersion characteristics and on the power flow is discussed in details. The results reveal many interesting properties for possible applications in optical waveguide sensing

Sensitivity enhancement in optical waveguide sensors using metamaterials

We consider a four-layer waveguide structure as an optical waveguide sensor. One of the layers is a metamaterial with negative permittivity and permeability. We show that the sensitivity of the proposed optical waveguide sensor can be dramatically enhanced by using a metamaterial layer between the guiding and the cladding layers. The variation of the sensitivity of the proposed waveguide sensor with different parameters of the waveguide is studied

Theoretical spectroscopic scan of the sensitivity of asymmetric slab waveguide sensors

An extensive theoretical analysis is carried out to investigate the variation of the sensitivity of optical slab waveguide sensors with the wavelength of the guided wave. We consider a three-layer waveguide as an optical sensor. The sensitivity for both polarizations of light: s-polarized light (TE) and p-polarized light (TM), is derived using the characteristic equation of the structure. The dispersion of the materials is taken into account to study the sensitivity spectroscopic scan over the near IR-range from 1.2–2 µm. It is found that an optimum wavelength exists for each guiding layer thickness and this optimum value increases linearly with the thickness of the guiding layer

Comparing optical sensing using slab waveguides and total internal reflection ellipsometry

The sensitivity of the effective refractive index of slab waveguide sensors to variations in the refractive index of the cladding is compared to that of the ellipsometric parameters. The changes of the effective refractive index of a waveguide and the ellipsometric parameter\Delta, due to the index change of the cladding, were derived and plotted as a function of the guiding layer thickness and with the index of the cladding. It is found that these changes almost have the same overall feature but the ellipsometric parameters showed considerable higher sensitivity than the effective index of the conventional waveguide optical sensors

Development and construction of rotating polarizer analyzer ellipsometer

A detailed mathematical derivation and an experimental characterization of one to two ratio rotating polarizer analyzer ellipsometer (RPAE) are presented. The alignment, calibration, and testing of reference samples are also discussed. The optical properties of some known materials obtained by the proposed ellipsometer will be shown and compared to accepted values. Moreover, the constructed ellipsometer will be tested using two ellipsometry standards with different thicknesses

Dispersion properties of anisotropic-metamaterial slab waveguide structure

The dispersion properties of guided waves in an anisotropic film sandwiched between a left-handedmaterial (LHM) and a dielectric are investigated in this work. Detailed mathematical derivationof the dispersion relation is presented. Both the anisotropic guiding layer and the LHM are assumedto be dispersive. Many interesting features have been found. The dispersion properties exhibita slight dependence on the parameters of the anisotropic guiding layer whereas they showa significant change with any perturbation in some of the LHM layer parameters, especially forω>5.2GHz.The dispersion properties of guided waves in an anisotropic film sandwiched between a left-handedmaterial (LHM) and a dielectric are investigated in this work. Detailed mathematical derivationof the dispersion relation is presented. Both the anisotropic guiding layer and the LHM are assumedto be dispersive. Many interesting features have been found. The dispersion properties exhibita slight dependence on the parameters of the anisotropic guiding layer whereas they showa significant change with any perturbation in some of the LHM layer parameters, especially forω>5.2GHz

Slab Waveguide Sensor with Left-handed Material Core Layer for Detection an Adlayer Thickness and Index

A four-layer slab waveguide structure with a lossy left-handed material (LHM) core layer is investigated as a surface sensor for detection any change in an adlayer thickness and refractive index. The sensitivities of the effective refractive index to any change in the refractive index/thickness of the adlayer are derived and studied with the parameters of the LHM. It is found that a slight change in the real parts of the permittivity and permeability of the LHM can significantly improve the sensitivity of the proposed sensor

Scaling 5ules for a 6lab: aveguide 6tructure &omprising 1onlinear and 1egative, ndex 0aterials

We consider a Kerr-type nonlinear guiding layer surrounded by at least one medium made of a negative index material (NIM). Three different structures are investigated in this work. The first structure has a NIM cladding, the second has a NIM substrate, and the third has a NIM substrate and cladding. Three normalized parameters are used to study the dispersion characteristics of these waveguide structures. The dispersion curves are obtained and the effect of the NIM parameters on the guidance properties is presented. It is found that the dispersion characteristic of nonlinear waveguide structure with NIM cladding and dielectric substrate are similar to those for the same structure with NIM substrate and dielectric cladding. However, when both of them are NIMs new properties can be seen