Dil Bölümlerindeki Hazırlık Öğrencilerinin İhtiyaç Analizi Çalışması

This study aims at finding the needs of the preparatory school students’ at the departments of Language at Hacettepe University by informal interviews and questionnaires in order to see whether the existing syllabus meets the needs of the students. To determine valid and reliable results, the questionnaire was administered to 103 fourth grade Language departments students (American Culture and Literature, English Language and Literature, Linguistics, Translation and Interpretation, English Language Teaching) and 18 teaching staff at these departments at Hacettepe University. Informal interviews were done by the teaching staff. These two questionnaires are parallel to each other so that the results can be compared to identify the needs of the students. Before administering the questionnaire to the students and to the teaching staff the pilot administration was done to see the possible problems which might occur.Bu çalışma, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Dil Bölümü hazırlık öğrencilerinin ihtiyaçlarım belirlemek ve mevcut programın bu ihtiyaçlara cevap verip vermediğini, ihtiyaç analizi anketi ve informal görüşmelerle ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamakladır. Geçerli ve güvenilir sonuçlar elde etmek için anket Hacettepe Üniversitesi 103 dil bölümü dördüncü sınıf öğrencisi (Amerikan Kültürü ve Edebiyatı, İngiliz Dil Bilimi, İngilizce Öğretmenliği, İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı, İngilizce Mütercim Tercümanlık) ve 18 öğretim elemanına uygulanmıştır. Öğretim elemanları ile informal görüşmeler de yapılmıştır. Bu iki anket de öğrencilerin ihtiyaçlarını belirlemek üzere, verilerin karşılaştırılması için paralel hazırlanmıştır. Anket, öğrencilere ve öğretim elemanlarına uygulanmadan önce olabilecek problemleri görebilmek için pilot denemesi yapılmıştır

A Descriptive Study of Behavioural Group Parent Training: A Suggested Sample For Families of Disabled Children

The ultimate purpose of the education is to bring up kids to become productive, self-sufficient and independently-functioning individuals in the society. In this situation, this can be done through parent training programs presented systematically. Parent training programs should be planned by focusing on the number of people participating in the program, the environment in which the program takes place and the objective of the program. Considering the number of the people participating in the program, parent training programs can be organized in group and one-to-one education. Before the sessions regarding parent training programs for the group are planned, parents’ needs and the objectives of the parent training program should be determined. After deciding the organization of the program in group or one-to-one, it is required that the objectives should be constructed, the teaching materials which will support the prepared plan should be developed and the teaching process should be written

The intersection of pragmatics and applied linguistics in teaching speech acts: Apologies perspective

This study dealt with the implication of the pragmatics research to EFL teaching. The study explored the effect of implicit teaching of apology speech act by native English speakers in elementary, intermediate and advanced EFL classrooms during eight successive weeks. The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) taken from Tunçel (1999) with reliability of 75% was used as pre-test, and the DCT taken from Bataineh (2006) was used as post-test. The results of the data analysis revealed that learners’ use of apology speech act improved. We also observed that intermediate and advance level EFL learners make different use of apology strategies depending on the situation

CULTURAL TRANSFER IN THE TRANSLATIONS OF MEDIA ORGANIZATION WEBSITES: A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES AND THEIR TURKISH TRANSLATIONS ON THE BBC WEBSITE

The websites of media organizations address to readers from many different languages and cultures. Each culture has its own specific values, habits and norms. Translators employ some translation strategies in order to transfer these culture specific items (hereinafter; CSIs) from a source text (hereinafter; ST) to a target text (hereinafter; TT). They are supposed to establish translations that are completely comprehensible for the target readers. In this study, the articles of the British Broadcast Company (hereinafter; the BBC) that are translated by BBC Turkish Service translator and published in the link ‘Dergi’ are analysed based on Toury’s translational norms and Aixela’s classification for CSIs. It is designed with a qualitative method and supported with an interview to triangulate the data. The findings show that the translations are generally ‘acceptable’, that is, the translator has the tendency towards target culture according to Toury’ s translational norms. She mostly employs constitution strategies of Aixela to transfer CSIs and this indicates the general tendency of the translations to ‘be a representation of a source text’. However, the translator specifies the target readers of the link as ‘educated young population’ and this does not complicate the comprehensibility of the CSIs by the target readers.Keywords: Translation Studies, Translational Norms of Toury, Cultural Transfer, Culture Specific Items, Aixela, BBC Turkish Service

Energy and visual comfort performance of electrochromic windowswith overhangs

DOE-2 building energy simulations were conducted to determine if there were practical architectural and control strategy solutions that would enable electrochromic (EC) windows to significantly improve visual comfort without eroding energy-efficiency benefits. EC windows were combined with overhangs since opaque overhangs provide protection from direct sun which EC windows are unable to do alone. The window wall was divided into an upper and lower aperture so that various combinations of overhang position and control strategies could be considered. The overhang was positioned either at the top of the upper window aperture or between the upper and lower apertures. Overhang depth was varied. EC control strategies were fully bleached at all times, modulated based on incident vertical solar radiation limits, or modulated to meet the design work plane illuminance with daylight. The EC performance was compared to a state-of-the-art spectrally selective low-e window with the same divided window wall, window size, and overhang as the EC configuration. The reference window was also combined with an interior shade which was manually deployed to control glare and direct sun. Both systems had the same daylighting control system to dim the electric lighting. Results were given for south-facing private offices in a typical commercial building. In hot and cold climates such as Houston and Chicago, EC windows with overhangs can significantly reduce the average annual daylight glare index (DGI) and deliver significant annual energy use savings if the window area is large. Total primary annual energy use was increased by 2-5% for moderate-area windows in either climate but decreased by 10% in Chicago and 5% in Houston for large-area windows. Peak electric demand can be reduced by 7-8% for moderate-area windows and by 14-16% for large-area windows in either climate. Energy and peak demand reductions can be significantly greater if the reference case does not have exterior shading or state-of-the-art glass

A conceptual model for performance evaluation of energy consumption and user comfort of the atrium buildings

Atriyum tipi binalarda aşırı enerji tüketimi ve aşırı enerji tüketimine rağmen kullanıcı konfor koşullarının sağlanamaması bir sorun olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu soruna çözüm üretmek amacıyla, atriyum tipi binaların dış kabuğunu oluşturan en önemli alt sistem olan camlama sistemine ait seçeneklerin, binanın enerji tüketiminin azaltılması ve konfor koşullarının sağlanması için uygunluğunun belirlenmesine ve buna ilişkin bir denetim sisteminin geliştirilmesine yönelik bir performans değerlendirme modeli hedeflenmektedir. Atriyum tipi binalarda enerji tüketiminin azaltılması ve kullanıcı konforunun sağlanması için istenilen performans kriterlerinin karşılanması, camlama sisteminin soruna çözüm getirecek biçimde tasarlanmasıyla olanaklıdır. Geleneksel binalardan daha karmaşık hava olayları içerdiği için farklılaşan atriyum tipi binalarda, geleneksel binaların performansının belirlenmesinde kullanılan enerji simülasyon programları yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle modelin uygulanabilirliğini sağlamak için atriyum tipi binalarda karşılaşılan karmaşık hava olayları ve bu olayların birbirlerine olan etkilerini simüle edebilecek pek çok programın kullanıldığı bir simülasyon modeli oluşturulmuştur. Önerilen simülasyon modelinde, binanın enerji tüketiminin ve kullanıcı konfor koşullarına uygunluğunun belirlenmesine yönelik iç ortam verilerinin elde edilmesinde enerji simülasyon programı EnergyPlus, Window 5.2, Comis ve Delight, atriumdaki hava tabakalaşmasının belirlenmesinde hesaplı akışkanlar dinamiği programı Fluent ve Gambit kullanılmıştır. Simülasyon modeli kullanılarak elde edilen verilerin çalışmanın başlangıcında hedeflenen performans gereksinmeleri doğrultusunda oluşturulan performans ölçütlerine uygunluğu araştırılarak, atrium tipi binanın enerji tüketimi ve kullanıcı konforuna yönelik performans değerlendirmesi yapılmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Atriyum, bina simülasyonu, enerji, kullanıcı konforu, performans değerlendirmesi.The advantages of the atrium which is commonly used in modern architecture in recent years, have been listed as; performing impressive spaces, reviving the indoor space by admitting daylight, maximizing the benefit from direct solar gain, maintaining solutions for natural ventilation and acclimatization, increasing interaction and socialization of the people. The atrium acts as a filter of undesirable effects of outdoor environment factors such as rain, snow or wind, and retains the desirable effects of outdoor such as sunshine, fresh air and visual circumstances (Bryn, 1995; Bednar, 1986; Saxon, 1986). Formation of the appropriate indoor environment conditions to meet the requirements of the users' in performing their physical, social and functional activities, is the main function of a building envelope. Under the effects of outdoor environmental factors the desire of forming the indoor comfort conditions, requires the need of energy consumption in buildings. The required energy which is used in heating, cooling and ventilation is generally provided by consumption of the unrenewable energy sources. The consumed energy is related with the performance of the building envelope that balances the relation between the outer climatic factors and user. The performance can be defined as the envelope's optimum benefit from the outer effects. The biggest part of the energy consumption in atrium buildings is based on the glazing system which is one of the most important parts of the building envelope. A study has been performed in order to determine appropriate glazing system to solve the problems of excessive energy consumption and insufficient user comfort conditions in an atrium building. The study has projected that the glazing system that forms the outer envelope of an atrium has to be designed to solve the problem of meeting the performance criteria to supply the requirements of user comfort and energy protection by the principles of sustainability and energy efficiency. The model suggests a determination of an appropriate glazing and controlling system to meet reduction in energy consumption and user comfort conditions in atrium buildings. Thermal and optical properties of the glazing system, infiltration, air movements between the adjacent zones and atrium, day lighting has been included in the calculations of  total energy consumption of the atrium building and evaluations of the indoor environmental conditions in accordance with the comfort requirements. Furthermore calculations of the air stratification of atrium have been done. In the study, application of the conceptual performance model is provided by the simulation model. The model includes different types of programs in order to estimate complex phenomena of the atrium which were computed with the interaction of the different simulation programs EnergyPlus and Fluent, as well as the auxiliary tools Window 5.2, Comis, Delight and Gambit that support them. The process of the model, the interrelation between the parameters of the process has been evaluated by the system interaction approach in a conceptual framework. The model includes three steps. In the first step, objects, limitations have been defined, determined and reorganized in the context of energy performance and user comfort conditions. The relationship between the input factors in the model; outdoor environment, building envelope and user requirements that play important role on the design of the building envelope have been given. In the second step, the model which includes the comparison between different glazing alternatives and the selection of the appropriate alternative has been established. In the third step evaluation, comparison and selection of the optimum alternative has been suggested. Finally the data required during these steps of the process has been given in detail. The simulation tools for testing the model and the interaction between them have been demonstrated. By the help of the simulation model, the atrium building's glazing system that determines the optimum performance of the building envelope and the components of the system have been investigated by the means of the properties of the system that affect energy performance and user comfort conditions in accordance with the related standards and calculation methods. Keywords: Atrium, glazing system, building simulation, energy, performance evaluation

Effects of Overhangs on the Performance of Electrochromic Windows

Abstract In this study, various facade designs with overhangs combined with electrochromic (EC) window control strategies were modeled for a typical commercial office building in a hot and cold climate using the DOE 2.1E building energy simulation program. EC windows were combined with overhangs since opaque overhangs provide protection from direct sun which EC windows are unable to do alone. The window wall was divided into an upper and lower aperture so that various combinations of overhang position and control strategies could be considered. The overhang was positioned either at the top of the upper window aperture or between the upper and lower apertures. Overhang depth was varied. EC control strategies were fully bleached at all times, modulated based on incident vertical solar radiation limits, or modulated to meet the design work plane illuminance with daylight. Annual total energy use (ATE), peak electric demand (PED), average daylight illuminance (DI), and daylight glare index (DGI) for south-facing private offices were computed and compared to determine which combinations of façade design and control strategies yielded the greatest energy efficiency, daylight amenity, and visual comfort

Aile Eğitim Çalışmaları: Bir Gözden Geçirme ve Meta-Analiz Örneği

Parent training is one of the most important support types for the education of individuals with disabilities. Disability does not only affect the life of an individual with disability negatively but also his/her own family members. Therefore, training family members in how to deal with the problems they face is of utmost importance. This study examined the research studies in this area to determine on what dependent and independent variables were aimed in the studies, also effect-size calculations were completed to determine the effectiveness of independent variables used by the researchers. Eight studies were included in this study. The results indicated the effectiveness of the methods which were used as independent variables. Small amount of research reports also indicated to need of more work in this area.Aile Eğitim Çalışmaları: Bir Gözden Geçirme ve Meta-Analiz ÖrneğiAile eğitim çalışmaları, özel eğitim hizmetleri alan bireylerin eğitimlerine birincil düzeyde etki eden en önemli desteklerden biridir. Engel sadece engelli bireyin değil, aynı zamanda ailenin yaşamını da etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle sorunlarla nasıl baş edecekleri konusunda aileleri eğitmek önemlidir. Bu çalışmada ülkemiz araştırmacıları tarafından gerçekleştirilmiş çalışmalardaki bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler ve etki büyüklüğü hesaplaması ile kullanılan bağımsız değişkenlerin etkililikleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen 8 araştırmanın sonuçları bir araya getirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, kullanılan yöntemlerin ailelere belli becerileri kullanmayı öğretmede etkili sonuçları olduğuna işaret etmektedir. İçerilen araştırma sayısının azlığı, bu alanda önemli bir ihtiyaç olduğunun da en önemli göstergesi olmaktadır.

The Effects of Cooperative Learning Strategies on Vocabulary Skills of 4th Grade Students

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of cooperative learning strategies on the vocabulary skills of 4th grade students. The study was also designed to ascertain the attitudes of the students in the experimental group towards cooperative learning. Out of 96 4th grade students enrolled in the private school where the study took place, 48 participated in this study. In order to find out whether there was a significant difference between the vocabulary scores for the experimental group and the control group, a pre-test and a post-test were administered to both groups. The data gathered from the students’ lesson diaries was used to find out what they thought about cooperative learning strategies. In addition, the teacher of the experimental group was interviewed to verify the results obtained from the lesson diaries. The data gathered from the pre and post tests, lesson diaries and the teacher interview was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The data obtained from the pre and post tests was analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test, while the data gathered from the lesson diaries and the teacher interview was subjected to content analysis. The findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the results of the experimental group and the control group on the post-tests. The experimental group had a higher score on the post-test than the control group. The analysis of the lesson diaries also indicated that the students’ positive attitudes towards cooperative learning strategies increased progressively during the study. Lastly, the analysis of the teacher interview confirmed that the students’ positive attitudes towards cooperative learning strategies during the study were genuine

Adjuvant Corticosteroid Therapy in Hepatosplenic Candidiasis-Related Iris

Candida infections are the most frequent infections in neutropenic patients. Hepatosplenic candidiasis (HSC) is a part of disseminated Candida infection that occurs most commonly in patients with hematologic malignancies treated with chemotherapy and requires protracted antifungal therapy. During invasive mycosis with rapid resolution of immunosuppression, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) which mimics treatment failure, drug toxicity or breakthrough infections may occur. Manifestation period, histopathologic findings and favorable effect of steroids to its inflammatory symptoms strongly suggest that HSC belongs to the invasive fungal infection induced IRIS. We present a child with B cell-acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed HSC and addition of corticosteroid therapy to antifungal treatment achieved rapid resolution of the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings