Application of Dust Explosion Protection Systems

AbstractDust explosions have accounted for numerous deaths, disappearance of companies, and large financial losses, and yet they are one of the least recognized of industrial fire hazards. They can occur within any process where a combustible dust is handled, produced or stored, and can be triggered by any energy source, including static sparks, friction and incandescent material. The management of dust explosion risk includes the implementation of both preventive and protective measures. Whereas preventive measures may reduce explosion risks efficiently, they rarely are sufficient to eliminate explosions completely. Therefore, explosion protection measures often need to be considered as well. This paper presents dust explosion protection methods, including venting, flameless venting, suppression, and isolation, and describes their application limits

Physiologie et pathologie de la reproduction de la vache : élaboration de ressources pédagogiques en ligne à partir d’images échographiques de l’appareil génital

L’échographie est une technique fiable et non invasive, représentant un outil précieux à la maitrise du cycle œstral et au diagnostic des pathologies génitales chez la vache. Cette technique, utilisée en routine en médecine vétérinaire, nécessite une maîtrise à la fois de la réalisation de l’échographie, mais également de l’interprétation des images de la part du vétérinaire praticien. Notre travail a pour but de concevoir une ressource Internet à visée didactique, constituée d’images légendées et de clips échographiques. Pour cela, les aspects théoriques et pratiques de la réalisation d’une échographie, puis les différentes applications de l’échographie lors de suivi de reproduction en élevage bovin sont abordées: détermination de l’état physiologique ou pathologique de l’appareil génital, suivi de gestation, sexage du fœtus. Cette ressource Internet est un outil dynamique qui a pour but d’accompagner les étudiants et les praticiens dans la réalisation et l’interprétation d’images échographiques

Ackerman and the Sparkling Wine from Saumur: a local winemaking innovation and his consequences on the industrial development of a rural territory around the middle of the 19thcentury

At the exposition of Angers Industrial Society of 1838, a wine merchant born in Brussels but living the West France, Jean Baptiste Ackerman, submit to general prize his wine “de mousse” from Saumur. After all the exams from the oenological committee, he wins a gold medal for his 1836 cuvee. The innovation is identified as well as “champagne wine”.Jean Baptiste Ackerman created new product, the sparkling wine from Saumur, by the development of an innovating winemaking process, called “traditional method from Saumur”, at the crossroads of basics winemakers knowledge and industrial production and techniques. In addition of a Family Business History spending from 1838 when the industrial production is launched to the death of his son and heir in 1914, the industrial production of sparkling wine by Ackerman (Brut, Dry or Dry Royal) give a new wine identity to a rural territory living on the agricultural fret products on the Loire and the military cavalry basements. The agricultural as well as industrial Saumur sectors find in these new winemaking process new economic and commercial opportunities. Anjou and Saumur wines, historically appreciated in England and Holland markets, can pretends to touch a larger and richer market than they used to. Fast, other entrepreneurs employed the industrial winemaking Ackerman’s process and are settled in the caves troglodytes near to Ackerman’s own factory. A local industrial sector is building to produce sparkling wine from Saumur under many competing brands: Bouvet-Ladubay, Veuve Amiot, Langlois & Château are some associated family’s names and brands created in the 19th century. The Ackerman’s innovation changed deeply the economic, social and commercial identities of a rural city but also natural landscapes turned to the wine production to “champagne” winemaking. The issue that Ackerman’s sparkling wine story raises is the impact of the circulation of winemaking process and skills on the development of a rural territory and the benefits of the Ackerman winemaking innovation on Saumur terroir. Based on the Ackerman’s archives (140 linear meters) and archives about economics, industrials, trade and wine productions at local and regional scales, this communication will propose to explain in a first part the influence of the merchant identity and mobility of Ackerman through some wine-making regions explain the origins of his product and process innovations in Saumur between 1815 and 1865. In a second part, we will examine the role of the Saumur terroir and the role of the local merchants and the economic notability in the Ackerman innovation enterprise on the same period. Finally, we will analyse some benefits or inconveniences to Saumur of Ackerman’s innovations and the consequences of the sparkling wine production in the landscape and terroir of Saumur from 1838 to 1914. The Ackerman’s history under the family direction, Jean Baptiste then his son, from the first half 18th century to 1914 is actually the subject of a PhD thesis associate Maison Ackerman, the University of Angers and the ANRT (National Agency for Research and Technology)

Rôle de la vasopressine dans les troubles du métabolisme glucidique : possible impact dans le développement du diabète

It is well established that vasopressin (AVP) level is high in both human and experimental diabetes. In humans, several recent studies have shown an association between copeptin (biomarker of AVP secretion) and the occurrence of diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome and obesity. Our team has shown a reverse association between water consumption (decrease AVP secretion) and the risk of hyperglycemia in the general population (D.E.S.I.R cohort). The aim of my thesis was to determine the role of AVP and fluid intake in glucose homeostasis in healthy rats and in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. AVP, administered acutely or chronically in healthy rats, increases glycaemia and this effect is reversed by a V1a receptor antagonist. V1b receptor activation does not influence insulin secretion but stimulates moderately basal glucagon production by the pancreas. These effects were observed in two different healthy strains of rats. In obese Zucker rats, a high AVP level worsens fasting hyperinsulinaemia and glucose intolerance whereas hydration does not affect glucose tolerance but drastically reduces hepatic steatosis, the content of cholesterol and triglycerides in liver and expression of genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis. In conclusion, these studies show for the first time, that AVP aggravates glucose tolerance whereas a highly hydrated diet is protective. These results, in agreement with our epidemiological data, demonstrate a causal link between vasopressin and/or hydration and glucose metabolism disorders.Il est bien établi que la vasopressine (AVP) est élevée dans le diabète tant humain qu'expérimental. Chez l'homme, plusieurs études récentes ont montré une association entre la copeptine (biomarqueur de la sécrétion d'AVP), et la survenue d'un diabète ou d'une hyperglycémie, le syndrome métabolique et l'obésité. Dans l'équipe, nous avons montré une association inverse entre la consommation d'eau (diminue la sécrétion AVP) et le risque de survenue d'hyperglycémie dans la cohorte D.E.S.I.R. Le but de mon projet de thèse a été de déterminer le rôle de l'AVP et de la prise hydrique dans l'homéostasie glucidique chez le rat sain et dans un modèle de rat présentant un syndrome métabolique. L'administration aigüe ou chronique d'AVP augmente la glycémie et cet effet est réversé par un antagoniste des récepteurs V1a. L'activation des récepteurs V1b ne modifie pas l'insulino-sécrétion mais stimule en permanence et de façon modérée la glucagonémie. Ces effets ont été observés sur deux souches différentes de rats sains. Chez le rat Zucker obèse, l'AVP aggrave l'hyperinsulinémie à jeun et l'intolérance au glucose alors que le régime hydraté ne modifie pas la tolérance au glucose mais réduit très fortement la stéatose hépatique ainsi que le contenu hépatique en cholestérol et triglycérides et l'expression des gènes impliqués dans la lipogenèse. En conclusion, ces travaux montrent pour la première fois, que l'AVP dégrade à long terme la tolérance au glucose ; a contrario, un régime fortement hydraté est protecteur. Ces résultats, en accord avec nos données épidémiologiques, démontrent un lien de causalité entre vasopressine/hydratation et désordre du métabolisme glucidique

Mitigation of Iron and Aluminum Powder Deflagrations via Active Explosion Suppression in a 1 m3 Sphere Vessel

Combustible metal dust explosions continue to present a significant threat to metal handling and refining industries. Addition of noncombustible inert material to combustible dust mixtures, through either premixing or high-rate injection as the incipient flame front begins to develop, is common practice for preventative inhibition or explosion protection via active suppression, respectively. Metal dusts demonstrate an extremely reactive explosion risk due to amplified heat of combustion, burning temperature, flame speed, explosibility parameters (KSt and Pmax), and ignition sensitivity. Inhibition efficiency of suppressant agents used for active mitigation is shown to be reliant on fuel explosibility, discrete burning mechanism, and combustion temperature range and thus may be increasingly variable depending on the fuel in question. For this reason, mitigation of metal powder deflagrations at moderate total suppressed pressures (relative to the overall strength of the enclosure) and at low agent concentrations remains challenging. This paper reviews recent metal dust suppression testing in a Fike Corporation’s 1 m3 sphere combustion chamber and evaluates the efficacy of multiple suppression agents (sodium bicarbonate [SBC], sodium chloride [Met-L-X], and monoammonium phosphate [MAP]) for the mitigation of iron and aluminum powder deflagrations at suspended fuel concentrations of 2250 and 500 g/m3, respectively

0052: Role of kinins in diabetic wound healing

The diabetic foot is associated with pain, decrease in patient's quality of life, considerable costs, and amputation. In this study, we determined the role of KKS, via activation of bradykinin receptors (B1R or B2R), in a mouse model of diabetic wound healing. Diabetic or nondiabetic mice are wounded with an 8-mm punch biopsy and then are treated or not with specific B1R or B2R agonists (720nmol/kg.d-1) and/or B2R antagonist (Icatibant, 500μg/kg.dg/d-1). The wound-healing surface was daily followed up. At 11 days, the scar were analysed by histology (Masson's trichrome staining) and B1R and B2R expression were assessed (RT-qPCR). Effects of the agonists on cells (fibroblasts and keratinocytes) migration and proliferation were also analysed. In diabetic condition, mRNA of B1R and B2R was increased in skin (p<0.01). B1R activation had no effect on wound closure in our model. In contrast, B2R activation dramatically delayed wound healing in diabetic (p<0.001) or nondiabetic (p<0.01) mice. Histological analysis of scar showed significant skin disorganization and epidermis thickening with B2R agonist (p<0.05). In vitro, B2R agonist induced an increase of keratinocyte proliferation (+46% after 48h, p<0.01) and a stimulation of keratinocyte migration (+30% after 24h, p<0.05). These effects was associated with ERK phosphorylation which occurs downstream of EGFR activation (p<0.05). B2R agonist had no effect on fibroblast migration but decreased fibroblast proliferation (–33% after 48h, p<0.05). Co-treatment with Icatibant abrogated in vivo and in vitro effects observed with B2R agonist. Moreover, Icatibant alone hastened wound healing and decrease the epidermis thickening induced by diabetes. In conclusion, KKS, through the B2R but not the B1R, plays a critical role in proliferation and remodelling phases of skin wound healing in mice. While more studies are needed, Icatibant could be used to correct the diabetic wound healing defect

Accounting and wine in the Maine et Loire

with Béatrice Touchelay, professeure d\u27histoire contemporaine à l\u27Université de Lille, IRHiS - Institut de Recherches Historiques du Septentrion (IRHiS) - UMR 8529 An article about accounting pratices in the 19th and 20th centuries based on accountign documents from two wines negociant, Goubault-Lambert and Jean Baptiste Ackerman-Laurance. A study of pratices, accounting writes, organization of societies from books keeper.

Igniter-induced hybrids in the 20-l sphere

Dust explosibility is traditionally described by two parameters, namely the maximum explosion pressure, P$_{max}$, and the deflagration index, K$_{St}$, usually determined through testing in a closed, pressure-resistant spherical vessel, either 20 L or 1 m$^{3}$ in volume. These parameters constitute key variables in the design of explosion protection systems, such as venting, suppression or isolation systems. The potential for overdriving dust combustion with pyrotechnical igniters in the 20-l sphere has been recognized, discussed and analyzed for many years, notably in the determination of the minimum explosible and limiting oxygen concentrations, which has led to specific guidelines regarding the ignition source strength in ASTM standards. The current paper presents new experimental evidence that the energy provided by pyrotechnical igniters may, in some instances, physically alter the dust being tested in the 20-l sphere. K$_{St}$ values can be several times greater in the small vessel compared to those measured in the 1-m$^{3}$ chamber. Further visual evidence is provided to show that high energy ignition can produce a turbulent flame region, possibly consisting of a hybrid mixture of flammable gas (or vapor) and dust, which can propagate faster than the corresponding pure dust. The experiments suggest that K$_{St}$ values measured in the 20-l sphere may no longer be representative of a dust deflagration in a real process environment. We recommend additional tests in a 1-m$^{3}$ chamber when a dust exhibits a low flash point, or when it's K$_{St}$ is above 300 bar m/s in the 20-l sphere.The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Fike Corporation for their permission to publish this work

Hermaphrodisme tubulaire chez un bovin

Duval J. M., Du Chalard de Taveau R., Ferrand B., Jondet Raymond, Gielfrich G. Hermaphrodisme tubulaire chez un bovin. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 123 n°7, 1970. pp. 327-333