Mortalidade infantil continua sendo um grave problema de saúde pública

The identification of factors related to infant deaths can help in the planning of public health actions for the restructuring and improvement of maternal and child care, with a view to reducing infant mortality. The variables related to infant mortality continue to be incident in males, in those of brown color, with birth weight below normal and children of young mothers. Actions with technical and financial investment throughout prenatal care with a complete care network and strengthening childcare services for children by the Primary Care network at municipal level are necessary and urgent strategies to reduce the drama of preventable deaths of children in the first year of life.A identificação de fatores relacionados aos óbitos infantis pode auxiliar no planejamento de ações de saúde pública para a reestruturação e a melhoria da assistência materno-infantil, visando à redução da mortalidade infantil. As variáveis relacionadas à mortalidade infantil continua sendo incidente no sexo masculino, naqueles de cor parda, com peso ao nascer abaixo do normal e filhos de mães jovens. Ações com investimento técnico e financeiro ao longo do pré-natal com rede assistencial completa e fortalecimento no atendimento de puericultura das crianças pela rede de Atenção Básica em nível municipal são estratégias necessárias e urgentes para reduzir a dramaticidade das mortes evitáveis de crianças no primeiro ano de vida

Effects of working memory training on depressive symptoms and frontal alpha asymmetry: a pilot study

To assess the effects of working memory training (WMT) on depressive symptoms and frontal alpha asymmetry of young adults with moderate-severe depression. : 30 participants were randomly allocated to the WMT or control groups. Two subjects dropped out and one participant was excluded from EEG analysis.The WMT group completed 5 sessions of automatically adjusted n-back training (starting from 2-back) and the control group only performed 1-back trials. Main outcome measures were self reported depressive symptoms and frontal alpha asymmetry (pre- and post-training). There was a significant time*group interaction for self-reported depression (p = .047, ηp² = .144) and F4-F3 alpha asymmetry (p = .043, ηp² = .153). Post-hoc analysis revealed significant improvements in depression on the WMT group (p < .001) and non-significant findings regarding F4-F3 alpha asymmetry. There was no significant interaction for F8-F7 alpha asymmetry (p = .115, ηp² = .096). WMT may be an effective tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Frontal alpha asymmetry should be explored as a neurophysiological outcome measure of cognitive training efficacy.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Analysis of histopathological aspects in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma

Middle ear cholesteatomas are characterized by the presence of stratified squamous epithelium in this cavity with highly invasive properties causing bone destruction and it may lead to complications. AIM: To study the histopathological features in acquired cholesteatomas of the middle ear, correlating this data with patient age. Study design:clinical and experimental cross-sectional study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Samples were obtained from 50 patients submitted to otologic surgery for the removal of middle ear cholesteatomas from 2006 to 2007. Thirty four patients were adults and 16 were children. Samples were studied by histological analysis. RESULTS: we found the presence of epithelial atrophy (78%), epithelial acanthosis (88%), hyperplasia of the basal layer (88%) and formation of epithelial cones (62%). There was a positive and significant correlation between histopathological variables (such as epithelial acanthosis, hyperplasia of the basal layer and formation of epithelial cones). Histopathological variables presented no statistical significant difference in both age groups (p>0,05). CONCLUSION: Cholesteatomas have hyperproliferating characteristics with epithelial acanthosis, hyperplasia of the basal layer and the presence of epithelial cones in the matrix.O colesteatoma da orelha média é caracterizado pela presença de epitélio estratificado pavimentoso queratinizado neste local, com alto poder invasivo, causando destruição óssea e podendo levar a complicações. OBJETIVO: Estudar os padrões histopatológicos no colesteatoma adquirido da orelha média. Correlacionar esses dados com a idade do paciente. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico e experimental do tipo transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram colhidas amostras de colesteatoma de 50 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia otológica, sendo 34 adultos e 16 crianças, no período de 2006 a 2007. Essas amostras foram submetidas à análise histológica. RESULTADOS: A presença de atrofia foi encontrada em 78% dos casos, acantose em 88%, hiperplasia da camada basal em 88% e cones epiteliais em 62%. As correlações entre acantose e hiperplasia da camada basal, acantose e formação de cones epiteliais, hiperplasia da camada basal foram positivas e significativas. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação aos padrões histopatológicos entre os dois grupos etários (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O colesteatoma tem características hiperproliferativas, com acantose, hiperplasia da camada basal e presença de cones epiteliais na sua matriz.SCSP FCM Depto. MorfologiaUNIFESP-EPMSCSP FCM Depto. de OtorrinolaringologiaFundação Antônio PrudenteUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Comunicação da informação, gestão da informação e gestão do conhecimento

This book gathers results of research carried out in the scope of Information Science and that have adopted theoretical reference frames of the information communication, information management and knowledge management. Now addressed in isolation from each other, sometimes approached in association with each other, they are all tangential to the notion of context. Throughout the work the authors offer readers a web of conceptual approaches - through the theoretical models - methods and results that make up a set of knowledge elaborated by research carried out over a little more than a decade. Consisting of seventeen chapters, the book is structured in parts being the first Introduction, and the others entitled, respectively, Communication of Organizational Information, Communication of Scientific Information, Communication of Information in Communities, Information Management and Knowledge Management, Communication and Management Information and Knowledge. The organizers and authors hope to offer useful contributions to the theoretical basis of other works that undoubtedly will expand this discussion

Comunicação da informação, gestão da informação e gestão do conhecimento

This book gathers results of research carried out in the scope of Information Science and that have adopted theoretical reference frames of the information communication, information management and knowledge management. Now addressed in isolation from each other, sometimes approached in association with each other, they are all tangential to the notion of context. Throughout the work the authors offer readers a web of conceptual approaches - through the theoretical models - methods and results that make up a set of knowledge elaborated by research carried out over a little more than a decade. Consisting of seventeen chapters, the book is structured in parts being the first Introduction, and the others entitled, respectively, Communication of Organizational Information, Communication of Scientific Information, Communication of Information in Communities, Information Management and Knowledge Management, Communication and Management Information and Knowledge. The organizers and authors hope to offer useful contributions to the theoretical basis of other works that undoubtedly will expand this discussion

KNOWLEDGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN OBJECTIVE TESTS ON BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

Introduction: Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) is a serious public health problem and represents one of the leading causes of death in the world. In emergency situations the assessment of the victim and care must be effective, to reduce negative outcomes and to increase the survival rate. Objective: To analyze graduation students in the Health Sciences through objective testing on Basic Life Support (BLS). Methods: This is a descriptive, observational and cross sectional study, performed in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The study population consisted of 664 graduation students in Medicine, Nursing, Physiotherapy, Pharmacy, Nutrition and Occupational Therapy. Data collection occurred through an instrument in the form of objective tests based on the guidelines for Basic Life Support from the American Heart Association. For analysis the Shapiro-Wilk, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. The adopted confidence level was 95%. The statistical program used was Stata 11.0. Result: There was found to be a prevalence of students who were female (82.23%), single (77.56%), on the physiotherapy course (53.16%), in the freshmen year (32.2%) with previous training (54.45%) and with a median age of 22 years old. When the association between the scores was analyzed according to sex, marital status, previous training, course and year of study, the relation between the number of correct answers and previous training, course and year of study showed statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: 99.9% of subjects had lower score than the minimum score of 84% of Americam Heart Association, which characterizes insufficient knowledge about the basic support of life theme. Thus, there is need for continued training of health sciences students on the subject, at the undergraduate level

Viabilidade econômica de frangos de crescimento lento criados em diferentes sistemas de produção na região de Carajás-PA/ Economic feasibility of slow growing chickens created in different production systems in the Carajás-PA region

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar a viabilidade econômica da produção de diferentes linhagens de frangos de crescimento lento, criados em diversos sistemas de produção. Foram realizados três experimentos de campo, com duração de 90 dias, envolvendo as linhagens Caipira Francês Pedrês, Caipira Francês Barré, Caipira Francês Exótico e Caipira Francês Vermelho, utilizando os sistemas de produção intensivo, semi-intensivo e o extensivo. Para determinar o melhor sistema e a linhagem mais adequada a região de Carajás, foram utilizados os indicadores de viabilidade econômica Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), índice benefício custo (IBC), Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR),  Payback (PB) e o Ponto de Equilíbrio (PE), calculados com diferentes taxas de descontos, referentes às linhas de crédito que os produtores da região  tem acesso. Constatou-se que o sistema intensivo foi o mais viável economicamente, pois as linhagens estudadas apresentaram resultados positivos em todos os indicadores econômicos. A linhagem Caipira Francês Barré revelou melhor adaptabilidade ao sistema intensivo, a Caipira Francês Pedrês ao semi-intensivo, enquanto a Caipira Francês Vermelho no extensivo. Nas condições atuais, o sistema extensivo de produção mostra-se inviável economicamente, pois a estrutura da cadeia produtiva desfavorece a margem de comercialização do produtor

Wheat-pollen sterility induced by 2.chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethrel)

A indução de macho-esterilidade e de fertilidade em trigo (Tritícum aestivum L.) foi determinada, em casa-de-vegetação e no campo, após aplicações do gametocida ácido 2-cloroetilfosfônico (ethrel). A sensibilidade ao produto na casa-de-vegetação foi maior do que no campo. Os genótipos tratados com ethrel produziram poucos grãos, ou nenhum; entretanto, a escolha de uma concentração adequada de solução do ethrel parece ter sido de fundamental importância: revelou altos níveis de esterilidade, não ocasionou danos maiores às plantas, e evitou a ocorrência de espigamento incompleto. Mostrou-se que o estádio de desenvolvimento para aplicação também foi crítico, dado a tempo relativamente curto de efetividade do ethrel. A indução de macho-esterilidade em trigo empregando-se o ethrel parece ser possível, principalmente na utilização de métodos de melhoramento que requerem emasculação manual para a produção de genótipos superiores.Male sterility and female fertility were determined in greenhouse and field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) following application of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethrel) as a gametocide. Sensitivity to ethrel treatment was greater under grenhouse than under field conditions. Genotypes treated with ethrel produced little or no seed set. It was also important to choose a proper ethrel concentration, inducing high sterility, not damaging the plants and not preventing full earing. The work showed stage of application to be critical due to the time of effectiveness of ethrel application to be relatively short. The results indicated that production of usable male sterility in wheat utilizing ethrel appears feasible, mainly in wheat breeding methods now requiring hand emasculation for conventional variety improvement

Effect of exogenous emulsifier and different fat sources on the performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and serum lipid profile of broiler chickens

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an emulsifier on reduced-energy diets using two fat sources for broilers. The study was designed as a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. The first factor was 2 fat sources (poultry fat or beef tallow). The second factor was a basal diet with the recommended energy levels, a diet with a 0.83 MJ/kg of energy reduction, and a diet with an energy reduction and inclusion of 1 g emulsifier/kg of diet. The emulsifier used in this study was composed of soy lecithin and polyethylene glycol ricinoleate. The emulsifier increased apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) in beef tallow diets compared to energy-reduced diets (P&lt;0.001). Broilers fed poultry fat had higher weights and weight gains at 35 and 42 d of age (p=0.001), and they had higher daily deposition of fat in the carcass (P = 0.025) when compared to diets with beef tallow. The inclusion of emulsifiers in broiler diets improves AME and AMEn but did not affect the energy reduction diets, whichresulted in reduced performance, decreasing daily fat deposition, but without effects on serum lipid profile in broilers.Um estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito de um emulsificante em dietas com baixo teor de energia usando duas fontes de gordura para frangos de corte. O estudo foi delineado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 de tratamentos, o primeiro fator foi 2 fontes de gordura (gordura de frango ou sebo bovino) e o segundo fator uma dieta basal com os níveis de energia recomendados, uma dieta com 0,83 MJ / kg de redução de energia e uma dieta com redução de energia e inclusão de 1 g de emulsionante / kg de dieta (composto de lecitina de soja e ricinoleato de polietilenoglicol). O emulsificante aumentou a energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e a energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para o balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) em dietas com sebo bovino em comparação com dietas com redução de energia (P &lt;0,001). Frangos de corte alimentados com gordura de frango apresentam maiores pesos e ganhos de peso aos 35 e 42 dias de idade (p=0,001), e maior deposição diária de gordura na carcaça (P=0,025) quando comparados às dietas com sebo bovino. O emulsificante incluído nas dietas de frangos de corte melhora a EMA e EMAn, mas não supre a redução energética, causando efeitos negativos no desempenho, diminuindo a deposição diária de gordura, mas sem efeitos no perfil lipídico sérico em frangos de corte